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Scientific Reports May 2016Evolutionary approaches are powerful tools for understanding human disorders. The composition of vaginal microbiome is important for reproductive success and has not yet... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Evolutionary approaches are powerful tools for understanding human disorders. The composition of vaginal microbiome is important for reproductive success and has not yet been characterized in the contexts of social structure and vaginal pathology in non-human primates (NHPs). We investigated vaginal size, vulvovaginal pathology and the presence of the main human subtypes of Lactobacillus spp./ BV-related species in the vaginal microflora of baboons (Papio spp.). We performed morphometric measurements of external and internal genitalia (group I, n = 47), analyzed pathology records of animals from 1999-2015 (group II, n = 64 from a total of 12,776), and evaluated vaginal swabs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (group III, n = 14). A total of 68 lesions were identified in 64 baboons. Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera I, and Megasphaera II were not detected. L. jensenii, L. crispatus, and L. gasseri were detected in 2/14 (14.2%), 1/14 (7.1%), and 1/14 (7.1%) samples, respectively. BVAB2 was detected in 5/14 (35.7%) samples. The differences in the vaginal milieu between NHP and humans might be the factor associated with human-specific pattern of placental development and should be taken in consideration in NHP models of human pharmacology and microbiology.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Dysbiosis; Female; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Organ Size; Papio; Primate Diseases; Simplexvirus; Species Specificity; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 27226349
DOI: 10.1038/srep26817 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2022To characterize the intestinal flora of patients with epilepsy and its correlation with epilepsy.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the intestinal flora of patients with epilepsy and its correlation with epilepsy.
METHODS
Patients with ages > 18 years were consecutively enrolled from the outpatient department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 71 subjects were recruited, including epilepsy patients ( = 41) as an observation group and patient family members ( = 30) as a control group. Fresh stool specimens of all the subjects were collected. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was analyzed to determine changes in intestinal flora composition and its correlation with epilepsy. Subgroup analysis was then conducted. All patients with epilepsy were divided into an urban group ( = 21) and a rural group ( = 20) according to the region, and bioinformatics analyses were repeated between subgroups.
RESULTS
LEfSe analysis showed that , , , and had relatively increased abundance in the epilepsy group at the genus level. Correlation analysis suggested that sp. ( = 0.584, < 0.01), ( = 0.560, < 0.01), ( = 0.541, < 0.01), and ( = 0.506, < 0.01) were significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of epilepsy ( ≥ 0.5, < 0.05). PICRUSt function prediction analysis showed that there were significant differences in 16 pathways between the groups at level 3. Comparing the rural group with the urban group, increased at the phylum level and , , , and increased at the species level in the rural group.
CONCLUSION
There were significant differences in the composition and functional pathways of gut flora between epilepsy patients and patient family members. The may become a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of epilepsy.
PubMed: 35250450
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.803538 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Aug 2023Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease....
BACKGROUND
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. However, the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut microbiota.
RESULTS
The results showed that GBE treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced FLHS laying hen model by decreasing the levels of TG, TC, ALT and ALP. The lipid accumulation and pathological score of liver were also relieved after GBE treatment. Moreover, GBE treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver and serum by increasing GSH, SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and reducing MDA, and downregulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis (FAS, LXRα, GPAT1, PPARγ and ChREBP1) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4 and NF-κB) in the liver. Microbial profiling analysis revealed that GBE treatment reshaped the HFD-perturbed gut microbiota, particularly elevated the abundance of Megasphaera in the cecum. Meanwhile, targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs revealed that GBE treatment significantly promoted the production of total SCFAs, acetate and propionate, which were positively correlated with the GBE-enriched gut microbiota. Finally, we confirmed that the GBE-altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate FLHS by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
CONCLUSIONS
We provided evidence that GBE alleviated FLHS in HFD-induced laying hens through reshaping the composition of gut microbiota. Our findings shed light on mechanism underlying the anti-FLHS efficacy of GBE and lay foundations for future use of GBE as additive to prevent and control FLHS in laying hen industry.
PubMed: 37533076
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00900-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023The role of dysbiosis in the development and progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to characterize and...
The role of dysbiosis in the development and progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of homogeneous leucoplakia (HL), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and OSCC preceded by PVL (PVL-OSCC). Fifty oral biopsies from HL ( = 9), PVL ( = 12), OSCC ( = 10), PVL-OSCC ( = 8), and healthy ( = 11) donors were obtained. The sequence of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial populations. In the cancer patients, the number of observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) was lower and constituted more than 30% of the microbiome. PVL and PVL-OSCC patients had a higher abundance of and lower than any other group analyzed. A penalized regression was performed to determine which species were able to distinguish groups. HL is enriched in , , , , , and ; PVL is enriched in , and ; OSCC is enriched in , and ; and PVL-OSCC is enriched in , and . There is differential dysbiosis in patients suffering from OPMDs and cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the oral microbiome alterations in these groups; thus, additional studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Leukoplakia, Oral; Microbiota
PubMed: 36834903
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043466 -
Microorganisms Jan 2022Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown...
Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. In this study, one group was reared with their dams (control, CON) and conventionally weaned at 49 days (d), while the other lambs were weaned at 21 d (early weaning, EW) using starter. Rumen microbial samples collected at 26, 35, and 63 d were used for next-generation sequencing. Here, we found that the abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota in EW were significantly lower at 26 and 35 d than the CON. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify the signature microbiota for EW at these three ages. At 26 d, 7, , , , , and in the rumen of the EW group had greater relative abundances. At 35 d, the _NK3A20_group was enriched in CON. On 63 d, _UCG-002 was abundant in EW. and in EW lambs were abundant at 26 and 35 d, but kept similar to CON at 63 d. The relative abundance of _UCG-002 at all-time points was consistently higher in the EW group. In conclusion, early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. The temporal dynamics of relative abundances of , , and _UCG-014 reflect the weaning stress over a short period and rumen recovery after early weaning.
PubMed: 35056593
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010144 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Imbalance of the immune system caused by alterations of the gut microbiome is considered to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of infant eczema, but the exact role...
Imbalance of the immune system caused by alterations of the gut microbiome is considered to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of infant eczema, but the exact role of the gut microbiome in adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients remains to be clarified. To investigate the differences of the gut microbiome between adult AD patients and healthy individuals, stool samples of 234 adults, containing 104 AD patients and 130 healthy subjects, were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Altered structure and metabolic dysfunctions of the gut microbiome were identified in adult AD patients. Our results illustrated that the adult AD patients were more likely to have allergies, particularly non-food allergies. In addition, the gut microbiome composition of the AD and normal groups were considerably different. Moreover, and was enriched in the normal group, whereas , , , , , , , and dominated in the AD group. Additionally, purine nucleotide degradation pathways were significantly enriched in the AD group, and the enrichment of proteinogenic amino acid biosynthesis pathways was found in the normal group. This study provides insights into new therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome for AD and evidence for the involvement of the gut-skin axis in AD patients.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Adult; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; East Asian People; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Hypersensitivity; Clostridiaceae; Lactobacillales
PubMed: 37629036
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612856 -
Disease Markers 2022The study analyzed gut microflora's composition and investigated the associations between the associations between gut dysbiosis and inflammatory indicators in pediatric...
BACKGROUND
The study analyzed gut microflora's composition and investigated the associations between the associations between gut dysbiosis and inflammatory indicators in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis.
METHODS
High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the composition and diversity of gut microflora in 20 pediatric patients with acute appendicitis and 11 healthy children. Endpoints measured were operational taxonomic units (OTU) of gut microflora. The OTU and its abundance analysis, sample diversity analysis, principal component analysis of samples, differential analysis, and analysis of biomarkers were performed.
RESULTS
Overall fecal microbial richness and diversity were similar in patients and controls. Yet richness within the group of Bilophila, Eggerthella, Clostridium, Parvimonas, Megasphaera, Atopobium, Phascolarctobacterium, Adlercreutzia, Barnesiella, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Prevotella genera was higher in patients. Adlercreutzia was significantly positively correlated with IL-10, while the three other genera, comprising Klebsiella, Adlercreutzia, and Prevotella, were positively correlated with B cells level.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiome components are significantly different in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis and healthy children. The differential abundance of some genera is correlated with the production of inflammatory markers in appendicitis.
Topics: Appendicitis; Biomarkers; Child; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 35845131
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1059445 -
PloS One 2018Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in several diseases including auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Keratitis is...
Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in several diseases including auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Keratitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye significantly contributing to corneal blindness in the developing world. It would be worthwhile to investigate the possibility of dysbiosis in the gut microbiome being associated with Keratitis. Here, we have analyzed fungal and bacterial populations in stool samples through high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 region for fungi and V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for bacteria in healthy controls (HC, n = 31) and patients with fungal keratitis (FK, n = 32). Candida albicans (2 OTUs), Aspergillus (1 OTU) and 3 other denovo-OTUs were enriched in FK samples and an unclassified denovo-OTU was enriched in HC samples. However, the overall abundances of these 'discriminatory' OTUs were very low (< 0.001%) and not indicative of significant dysbiosis in the fungal community inhabiting the gut of FK patients. In contrast, the gut bacterial richness and diversity in FK patients was significantly decreased when compared to HC. 52 OTUs were significantly enriched in HC samples whereas only 5 OTUs in FK. The OTUs prominently enriched in HC were identified as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lachnospira, Mitsuokella multacida, Bacteroides plebeius, Megasphaera and Lachnospiraceae. In FK samples, 5 OTUs affiliated to Bacteroides fragilis, Dorea, Treponema, Fusobacteriaceae, and Acidimicrobiales were significantly higher in abundance. The functional implications are that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an anti-inflammatory bacterium and Megasphaera, Mitsuokella multacida and Lachnospira are butyrate producers, which were enriched in HC patients, whereas Treponema and Bacteroides fragilis, which are pathogenic were abundant in FK patients, playing a potential pro-inflammatory role. Heatmap, PCoA plots and functional profiles further confirm the distinct patterns of gut bacterial composition in FK and HC samples. Our study demonstrates dysbiosis in the gut bacterial microbiomes of FK patients compared to HC. Further, based on inferred functions, it appears that dysbiosis in the gut of FK subjects is strongly associated with the disease phenotype with decrease in abundance of beneficial bacteria and increase in abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Mycoses; Young Adult
PubMed: 29933394
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199640 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023This study characterized compositional and functional shifts in the intestinal and oral microbiome in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy compared to...
This study characterized compositional and functional shifts in the intestinal and oral microbiome in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-negative individuals. Seventy-nine specimens were collected from 5 HIV-positive and 12 control subjects from five locations (colon brush, colon wash, terminal ileum [TI] brush, TI wash, and saliva) during colonoscopy and at patient visits. Microbiome composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, and microbiome function was predicted using bioinformatics tools (PICRUSt and BugBase). Our analysis indicated that the β-diversity of all intestinal samples (colon brush, colon wash, TI brush, and TI wash) from patients with HIV was significantly different from patients without HIV. Specifically, bacteria from genera , , and were more abundant in samples from HIV-positive patients. On the other hand, bacteria from genera , and were more abundant in samples from HIV-negative patients. Additionally, HIV-positive patients had higher abundances of biofilm-forming and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, pathways related to translation and nucleotide metabolism were elevated in HIV-positive patients, whereas pathways related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were positively correlated with samples from HIV-negative patients. Our analyses further showed variations in microbiome composition in HIV-positive and negative patients by sampling site. Samples from colon wash, colon brush, and TI wash were significant between groups, while samples from TI brush and saliva were not significant. Taken together, here, we report altered intestinal microbiome composition and predicted function in patients with HIV compared to uninfected patients, though we found no changes in the oral microbiome. Over 37 million people worldwide are living with HIV. Although the availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of AIDS-related deaths, individuals living with HIV are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. We now know that HIV interacts with the trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the human body termed the microbiome. Only a limited number of previous studies have compared variations in the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome with HIV infection. Here, we detail how the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome changes with HIV infection, having used 5 different sampling sites to gain a more comprehensive view of these changes by location. Our results show site-specific changes in the intestinal microbiome associated with HIV infection. Additionally, we show that while there were significant changes in the intestinal microbiome, there were no significant changes in the oral microbiome.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Mucosa; Bacteria
PubMed: 36511710
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02472-22 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2020The gut microbiota in sows is important for the health of the host, and potential benefits may also be transferred to piglets during pregnancy. Therefore, systematic...
The gut microbiota in sows is important for the health of the host, and potential benefits may also be transferred to piglets during pregnancy. Therefore, systematic studies investigating the changes in the gut microbiota of sows are needed to elucidate the microbial compositions and functions. This study was conducted at 12 time points to investigate the temporal variations in gut microbiota on Days 27, 46, 64, 81, 100, and 113 during gestation (G) and Days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 during lactation (L). Results suggested that the gut microbiota changed across the perinatal period with microbial function and abundance varying between the prenatal and postnatal periods. The alpha diversity was higher in the postnatal period than in the prenatal period. Thirty-eight genera were distributed between the two periods with , , , and r being enriched in the prenatal period while , , , , , , , were enriched in the postnatal period. Analysis done at the different time points of the prenatal period suggested that Days 27 and 113 had more microbial biomarkers than other days. , , and were enriched on the 27th day, while bacteria belonging to the and were enriched on the 113th day. On the other hand, , , , and unclassified were enriched three days after delivery. Predicted microbial KO functions were also more enriched on Day 27 of the gestation period and Day 3 of the lactation period. Random forest, a machine learning method, was used to identify the top five important genera of , , , , and , while the most important function was arginine and proline metabolism. These systematic results provide important information for the gut microbiota of sows.
PubMed: 33266170
DOI: 10.3390/ani10122254