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Gaceta Sanitaria 2020
Topics: Humans; Immunization Schedule; Incidence; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis; Spain
PubMed: 31767200
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.09.004 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Nov 2015In 2001, the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP) was tasked to develop, test, license, and introduce a group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine for sub-Saharan... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In 2001, the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP) was tasked to develop, test, license, and introduce a group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine for sub-Saharan Africa. African public health officials emphasized that a vaccine price of less than US$0.50 per dose was necessary to ensure introduction and sustained use of this new vaccine.
METHODS
Initially, MVP envisioned partnering with a multinational vaccine manufacturer, but the target price and opportunity costs were problematic and formal negotiations ended in 2002. MVP chose to become a "virtual vaccine company," and over the next decade managed a network of public-private and public-public partnerships for pharmaceutical development, clinical development, and regulatory submission. MVP supported the transfer of key know-how for the production of group A polysaccharide and a new conjugation method to the Serum Institute of India, Ltd, based in Pune, India. A robust staff structure supported by technical consultants and overseen by advisory groups in Europe and Africa ensured that the MenA conjugate vaccine would meet all international standards.
RESULTS
A robust project structure including a team of technical consultants and 3 advisory groups in Europe and Africa ensured that the MenA conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) was licensed by the Drug Controller General of India and prequalified by the World Health Organization in June 2010. The vaccine was introduced in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger in December 2010.
CONCLUSIONS
The development, through a public-private partnership, of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine for sub-Saharan Africa, PsA-TT, offers a new paradigm for the development of vaccines specifically targeting populations in resource-poor countries.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Meningococcal Vaccines; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; Technology Transfer; Technology, Pharmaceutical; World Health Organization
PubMed: 26553666
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ594 -
Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccines: building sustainable and equitable vaccine strategies.Expert Review of Vaccines May 2020For well over 100 years, meningococcal disease due to serogroup A (MenA) has caused severe epidemics globally, especially in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
For well over 100 years, meningococcal disease due to serogroup A (MenA) has caused severe epidemics globally, especially in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa.
AREAS COVERED
The article reviews the background and identification of MenA, the global and molecular epidemiology of MenA, and the outbreaks of MenA in the African meningitis belt. The implementation (2010) of an equitable MenA polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (Ps-TT, MenAfriVac) and the strategy to control MenA in sub-Saharan Africa is described. The development of a novel multi-serogroup meningococcal conjugate vaccine (NmCV-5) that includes serogroup A is highlighted. The PubMed database (1996-2019) was searched for studies relating to MenA outbreaks, vaccine, and immunization strategies; and the Neisseria PubMLST database of 1755 MenA isolates (1915-2019) was reviewed.
EXPERT OPINION
Using strategies from the successful MenAfriVac campaign, expanded collaborative partnerships were built to develop a novel, low-cost multivalent component meningococcal vaccine that includes MenA. This vaccine promises greater sustainability and is directed toward global control of meningococcal disease in the African meningitidis belt and beyond. The new WHO global roadmap addresses the continuing problem of bacterial meningitis, including meningococcal vaccine prevention, and provides a framework for further reducing the devastation of MenA.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A; Vaccination
PubMed: 32321332
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1760097 -
Expert Review of Vaccines 2023Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe, life-threatening condition caused by infection with . Currently available vaccines offer protection against the five... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe, life-threatening condition caused by infection with . Currently available vaccines offer protection against the five most common meningococcal disease-causing serogroups and include monovalent and quadrivalent conjugate vaccines (MenA, MenC, MenACWY vaccines) and outer membrane vesicle- and/or recombinant protein-based vaccines (MenB vaccines).
AREAS COVERED
Country and regional immunization programs target populations susceptible to IMD and typically emphasize the highest-risk age groups (i.e., infants, adolescents/young adults, and the elderly); however, additional groups are also considered at an elevated risk and are the focus of the current review. Specific increased-risk groups include individuals with underlying immunocompromising medical conditions, university/college students, Indigenous people, laboratory workers, military personnel, men who have sex with men, and travelers to areas with hyperendemic IMD. This review compares established meningococcal vaccination recommendations for these vulnerable groups in Europe, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Brazil, and Turkey.
EXPERT OPINION
Recommendations should be standardized to cover all groups at increased risk of IMD.
Topics: Infant; Male; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; United States; Aged; Meningococcal Vaccines; Homosexuality, Male; Vaccination; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Meningococcal Infections; Neisseria meningitidis; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 37767607
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245467 -
The Journal of Infection May 2018The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is a global expert group, including scientists, clinicians and public health officials from a wide range of specialities. The... (Review)
Review
The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is a global expert group, including scientists, clinicians and public health officials from a wide range of specialities. The goal of the GMI is to prevent meningococcal disease worldwide through education, research, and co-operation. The Chinese GMI roundtable meeting was held in June 2017. The GMI met with local experts to gain insight into the meningococcal disease burden in China and current prevention and vaccination strategies in place. China experienced five epidemics of serogroup A meningococcal disease (MenA) between 1938 and 1977, with peak incidence of 403/100,000 recorded in 1967. MenA incidence rates have significantly declined following the universal introduction of the MenA polysaccharide vaccine in China in the 1980s. Further, surveillance data indicates changing meningococcal epidemiology in China with the emergence of new clones of serogroup B from serogroup C clonal complex (cc) 4821 due to capsular switching, and the international spread of serogroup W cc11. The importance of carriage and herd protection for controlling meningococcal disease was highlighted with the view to introduce conjugate vaccines and serogroup B vaccines into the national immunization schedule. Improved disease surveillance and standardized laboratory techniques across and within provinces will ensure optimal epidemiological monitoring.
Topics: China; Epidemics; Epidemiological Monitoring; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Public Health; Serogroup; Vaccination
PubMed: 29406154
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.01.007 -
Pathogens and Global Health 2016Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) represents a severe risk for health. It can be considered the most dangerous vaccine-preventable disease due to the high probability... (Review)
Review
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) represents a severe risk for health. It can be considered the most dangerous vaccine-preventable disease due to the high probability of related permanent sequelae and death. The introduction in many countries of the conjugate vaccines against A, C, W135, and Y meningococcal serogroups influenced significantly the impact of the disease. Recently, the difficulties in obtaining an effective vaccine against meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) have been get over through the reverse vaccinology, enabling the recognition of some antigens providing a response against most of circulating MenB strains worldwide. The new 4cMenB vaccine is recommended in Europe, Canada, Australia, the USA, and some Latin American countries. Even if sound data on efficacy and safety profile are available, the results in terms of effectiveness are still limited. The management of the MenB outbreaks in two US universities demonstrated the ability to quickly achieve high vaccination coverage rates and no new cases among immunized subjects were assessed. It is desirable that the opportunity to complete preventive intervention against IMD offered by the new 4cMenB vaccine should be recognized and that this vaccine is included in the vaccination schedule to complete the panel of immunization against Neisseria meningitidis.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 27309042
DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1195072 -
PloS One 2021Despite China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides 2 doses of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-AC) for children at 3 years and...
BACKGROUND
Despite China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides 2 doses of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-AC) for children at 3 years and 6 years old, more self-paying group ACYW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines (MPV-ACYW135) have been used as an alternative to MPV-AC to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C,Y,W135. We provide recommendations for Chinese booster immunization of meningococcal meningitis vaccine by analyzing the service status of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135.
METHODS
Reported data of routine immunization coverage from all districts of Hangzhou registered in the China Information Management System For Immunization Programming (CIMSFIP) between 2014 to 2019 were described and evaluated. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to characterize the data. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) were collected from Chinese national adverse event following immunization information system (CNAEFIIS) to compare the safety of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135.
RESULTS
1376919 doses of booster immunization of meningococcal meningitis vaccine (MenV) in CIMSFIP were conducted in China Hangzhou from 2014 to 2019, with reported immunization coverage rates above 95%. The proportion of children using MPV-ACYW135 increased from 12.63% in 2014 to 29.45% in 2019. The incidence of AEFI of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135 were 49.75 per 100,000 and 45.44 per 100,000, respectively, without statistical difference.
CONCLUSION
Children in Hangzhou had high booster immunization of MenV coverage. The use amount and use rate of MPV-ACYW135 increased year by year, indicating more and more parents had chosen MPV-ACYW135 as an alternative to MPV-AC at their own expense for children. The use proportions of MPV-ACYW135 were different in urban, suburban and rural areas. Both MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135 were safe for children.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Humans; Immunization Programs; Immunization, Secondary; Infant; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34032806
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251567 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics May 2018Africa historically has had the highest incidence of meningococcal disease with high endemic rates and periodic epidemics. The meningitis belt, a region of sub-Saharan... (Review)
Review
Africa historically has had the highest incidence of meningococcal disease with high endemic rates and periodic epidemics. The meningitis belt, a region of sub-Saharan Africa extending from Senegal to Ethiopia, has experienced large, devastating epidemics. However, dramatic shifts in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease have occurred recently. For instance, meningococcal capsular group A (NmA) epidemics in the meningitis belt have essentially been eliminated by use of conjugate vaccine. However, NmW epidemics have emerged and spread across the continent since 2000; NmX epidemics have occurred sporadically, and NmC recently emerged in Nigeria and Niger. Outside the meningitis belt, NmB predominates in North Africa, while NmW followed by NmB predominate in South Africa. Improved surveillance is necessary to address the challenges of this changing epidemiologic picture. A low-cost, multivalent conjugate vaccine covering NmA and the emergent and prevalent meningococcal capsular groups C, W, and X in the meningitis belt is a pressing need.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Drug Costs; Epidemics; Epidemiological Monitoring; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis; Serogroup; Vaccination; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 29211624
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1412020 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2016Neisseria meningitidis may cause invasive disease (meningitis and sepsis), leading to considerable disease burden and mortality. However, effective vaccines are... (Review)
Review
Neisseria meningitidis may cause invasive disease (meningitis and sepsis), leading to considerable disease burden and mortality. However, effective vaccines are available against most pathogenic serogroups. Large-scale vaccination campaigns with the MCC vaccine conducted in UK and with MenAfriVac in the Sahel have clearly demonstrated the direct and indirect effect of immunization programmes on disease and carriage. Moreover, the introduction of novel subcapsular vaccines against serogroup B, which may cross-protect against other serogroups, is likely to have a further effect on trends. Accurate data collection is key to elaborate vaccination strategies able to reduce meningococcal disease burden through direct protection and herd immunity.
Topics: Africa; Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Protection; Humans; Immunity, Herd; Immunization Programs; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis; Serogroup; Vaccination
PubMed: 26512927
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1108502 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jan 2016In 2015, the UK became the first country in the world to have a comprehensive routine meningococcal vaccine programme targeting all of the main capsular groups of N.... (Review)
Review
In 2015, the UK became the first country in the world to have a comprehensive routine meningococcal vaccine programme targeting all of the main capsular groups of N. meningitidis. 1 An infant vaccine programme against meningococcal capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) was launched from 1st September with an aim to reduce endemic MenB disease in early childhood. On 1st August 2015, an adolescent programme against groups A, C, W and Y meningococci (MenACWY) was rolled out to halt a growing outbreak of capsular group W disease (MenW) caused by a hypervirulent clone of N. meningitidis, in addition to maintaining control against MenC disease provided by the current adolescent programme. 2.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; England; Humans; Immunization Programs; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; United Kingdom; Vaccines, Conjugate; Young Adult
PubMed: 26672098
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308928