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Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Jun 2023Menstrual cycle is a major determinant in female reproductive health. In a recent report, Mao et al. (2022) associated deficient glycolysis with heavy menstrual...
Menstrual cycle is a major determinant in female reproductive health. In a recent report, Mao et al. (2022) associated deficient glycolysis with heavy menstrual bleeding. This commentary summarizes these recent findings and the importance of glycolysis and decidualization in endometrial function. It will also discuss if in the light of the recent findings menstrual bleeding is better conceived as a primary endometrial disorder inherent to endometrium or as a secondary endometrial disorder caused by other endometrial conditions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Menorrhagia; Endometrium; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation
PubMed: 36574146
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01150-3 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 2019
Topics: Big Data; Female; Fertility; Fertilization; Menstrual Cycle; Mobile Applications
PubMed: 31446905
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.05.035 -
Hormones and Behavior Nov 2022Several studies suggest that the menstrual cycle affects emotional processing. However, these results may be biased by including women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS)...
Several studies suggest that the menstrual cycle affects emotional processing. However, these results may be biased by including women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the samples. PMS is characterized by negative emotional symptomatology, such as depression and/or anxiety, during the luteal phase. This study aimed to explore the modulation of exogenous attention to emotional facial expressions as a function of the menstrual cycle in women without PMS. For this purpose, 55 women were selected (from an original volunteer sample of 790) according to rigorous exclusion criteria. Happy, angry, and neutral faces were presented as distractors, while both behavioral performance in a perceptual task and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. This task was applied during both phases of the menstrual cycle (luteal and follicular, counterbalanced), and premenstrual symptomatology was monitored daily. Traditional and Bayesian ANOVAs on behavioral data (reaction times and errors in the task) and ERP indices (P1, N170, N2, and LPP amplitudes) confirmed the expected lack of an interaction of phase and emotion. Taken together, these results indicate that women free of PMS present steady exogenous attention levels to emotionally positive and negative stimuli regardless of the menstrual phase.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Menstrual Cycle; Facial Expression; Emotions; Evoked Potentials; Premenstrual Syndrome; Electroencephalography
PubMed: 36116197
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105259 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jun 2023Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe mood disorder, with affective symptoms that rise and fall in concert with the hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe mood disorder, with affective symptoms that rise and fall in concert with the hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle. PMDD's pathophysiology is poorly understood. This review describes recent research on potential biological contributors to PMDD, with a focus on neuroactive steroids, genetics, neuroimaging and cellular studies. Studies suggest that a key contributor is abnormal central nervous system (CNS) response to fluctuations in neuroactive steroid hormones. Imaging studies are limited but support alterations in serotonergic and GABA transmission. Genetic studies suggest heritability, yet specific genetic contributors have not been characterized. Finally, recent cutting-edge cellular studies indicate an underlying vulnerability to the effect of sex hormones at a cellular level. Overall the findings across studies do not yet fit together into a complete description of the underlying biology of PMDD. It is possible that PMDD consists of biological subtypes, and future research may benefit from a subtyping approach.
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Menstrual Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Biology
PubMed: 37059403
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105168 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2023The COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to numerous reports of menstrual disorders as potential side effects. However, menstrual cycle results after vaccination were...
OBJECTIVE
The COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to numerous reports of menstrual disorders as potential side effects. However, menstrual cycle results after vaccination were not collected throughout clinical trials. According to other research, COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disorders have no discernible connection, and menstrual disorders are temporary.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We asked questions about menstruation disturbances following the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in a population-based cohort of adult Saudi women to determine whether the vaccination is linked to menstrual cycle irregularities.
RESULTS
According to the results, 63.9% of women experienced variations in their menstrual cycle either after the first or second dose. Such results show that COVID-19 vaccination impacts women's menstrual cycles. However, there is no need for concern because the alterations are relatively minor, and the menstrual cycle usually returns to normal within two months. Additionally, there are no obvious distinctions between the various vaccine types or body mass.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support and explain the self-reports of menstrual cycle variations. We have discussed reasons for these problems that describe the mechanism of the relationship between them and the immune response. Such reasons will help prevent hormonal imbalances and the influence of therapies and immunizations on the reproductive system.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Menstruation Disturbances; Menstrual Cycle
PubMed: 36808367
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31225 -
Revista de Neurologia May 2022Catamenial pattern epilepsy is defined as an increase in the frequency of seizures during a specific stage of the menstrual cycle compared to baseline. It has been... (Review)
Review
Catamenial pattern epilepsy is defined as an increase in the frequency of seizures during a specific stage of the menstrual cycle compared to baseline. It has been described that around a third of women with epilepsy have a catamenial pattern. The changes in the seizure pattern would be explained by the influence of catamenial fluctuations, of female gonadal hormones on neuronal excitability. Progesterone through its metabolite allopregnanolone plays a protective role by increasing GABAergic transmission; however, its effect on brain progesterone receptors can increase neuronal excitability. The effects of estrogens are complex, they tend to increase neuronal excitability, although their effects depend on their concentration and exposure time. Three catamenial patterns of seizure exacerbation have been proposed: the perimenstrual pattern, the periovulatory pattern, and the luteal pattern. The diagnostic approach is carried out through a systematic process of 4 steps: a) clinical history of the pattern of the menstrual cycle and epileptic seizures; b) diagnostic methods to characterize the menstrual cycle and the pattern of seizures; c) check diagnostic criteria; and d) categorize the catamenial pattern. The treatment options studied require a higher level of evidence, and there is no specific treatment. Optimization of conventional antiseizure treatment is recommended as the first therapeutic option. Other therapeutic options, such as non-hormonal and hormonal treatments, could be useful in case the first therapeutic option proves to be ineffective.
Topics: Epilepsy, Reflex; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Pregnanolone; Progesterone; Seizures
PubMed: 35484702
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7409.2022041 -
Channels (Austin, Tex.) Dec 2023Sex hormones and the reproductive cycle (estrus in rodents and menstrual in humans) have a known impact on arterial function. In spite of this, sex hormones and the... (Review)
Review
Sex hormones and the reproductive cycle (estrus in rodents and menstrual in humans) have a known impact on arterial function. In spite of this, sex hormones and the estrus/menstrual cycle are often neglected experimental factors in vascular basic preclinical scientific research. Recent research by our own laboratory indicates that cyclical changes in serum concentrations of sex -hormones across the rat estrus cycle, primary estradiol, have significant consequences for the subcellular trafficking and function of K. Vascular potassium channels, including K, are essential components of vascular reactivity. Our study represents a small part of a growing field of literature aimed at determining the role of sex hormones in regulating arterial ion channel function. This review covers key findings describing the current understanding of sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels, with a focus on K channels. Further, we highlight areas of research where the estrus cycle should be considered in future studies to determine the consequences of physiological oscillations in concentrations of sex hormones on vascular potassium channel function.
Topics: Female; Humans; Rats; Animals; Progesterone; Potassium Channels; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Estradiol; Menstrual Cycle
PubMed: 37243715
DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2217637 -
Sports Health 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Exercise
PubMed: 37731307
DOI: 10.1177/19417381231197609 -
Hormones and Behavior Aug 2023Previous studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle dependent changes in the recognition of facial emotional expressions, specifically the expression of fear, anger,...
Previous studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle dependent changes in the recognition of facial emotional expressions, specifically the expression of fear, anger, sadness or disgust. While some studies demonstrate an improvement of emotion recognition performance during the peri-ovulatory phase, when estradiol levels peak, other studies demonstrate a deterioration of emotion recognition performance during the mid-luteal phase, when progesterone levels peak. It has been hypothesized, that these changes in emotion recognition performance mirror mood changes along the menstrual cycle. In the present study, we investigate, whether changes in emotion recognition performance along the menstrual cycle are mediated by mood changes along the menstrual cycle. In a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study design, two large samples of women completed an emotion recognition task, as well as several mood questionnaires during their menses, peri-ovulatory or mid-luteal cycle phase. 65 women completed the task thrice, once during each cycle phase, order counterbalanced. In order to control for potential learning effects, a sample of 153 women completed the task only once in one of the three cycle phases. In both samples, results demonstrated no significant changes in emotion recognition performance along the menstrual cycle, irrespective of the performance measure investigated (accuracy, reaction time, frequency of emotion classifications) and irrespective of the emotion displayed. Bayesian statistics provided very strong evidence for the null hypothesis, that emotion recognition does not change along the menstrual cycle. There was also no moderation of emotion recognition changes along the menstrual cycle by mood changes along the menstrual cycle. Mood changes along the menstrual cycle followed the expected pattern with highest positive affect and least premenstrual symptoms around ovulation and lowest positive affect, but strongest premenstrual symptoms during menses. Interestingly, premenstrual symptoms were negatively related to estradiol, suggesting a protective effect of estrogen during the luteal cycle phase against mood worsening during the premenstrual phase.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Cross-Sectional Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Progesterone; Menstrual Cycle; Emotions; Estradiol
PubMed: 37478677
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105406 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Dec 2021The aim of this review is to evaluate biological, life history, environmental, and lifestyle factors and exposures that cause variability in menstrual cycle length (MCL). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this review is to evaluate biological, life history, environmental, and lifestyle factors and exposures that cause variability in menstrual cycle length (MCL).
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent literature has detailed a number of factors that influence MCL, with particular emphasis placed on novel environmental exposures, such as air pollution and endocrine disrupting chemicals.
SUMMARY
MCL varies widely in response to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs and is a useful predictor of reproductive health and fecundability.
VIDEO ABSTRACT
http://links.lww.com/COE/A28.
Topics: Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fertility; Humans; Menstrual Cycle
PubMed: 34545843
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000681