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Folia Morphologica 2023Most variations of the abdominal blood supply are related to branching of the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. This case details a remarkable variation in...
Most variations of the abdominal blood supply are related to branching of the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. This case details a remarkable variation in the branching pattern of the left colic artery (LCA) observed during routine cadaveric dissection of an 84-year-old male donor. An anomalous common trunk, originating from the common hepatic artery, gave rise to three branches: 1) an accessory posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery to the head of the pancreas and adjacent duodenum, 2) the dorsal pancreatic artery anastomosing with branches of the splenic artery, and 3) the LCA. The LCA descended between the splenic vein and superior mesenteric artery to supply the left colic flexure and form a collateral route with the middle colic artery by contributing to the marginal artery of Drummond. Knowledge of this variation is clinically relevant for surgical and radiological procedures in the abdomen.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; Pancreas; Celiac Artery; Hepatic Artery; Mesenteric Artery, Superior
PubMed: 34845717
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0130 -
The Journal of Physiology Apr 2019The prevailing dogma about neurogenic regulation of vascular tone consists of major vasodilatation caused by CGRP (and possibly substance P) released from sensory-motor...
KEY POINTS
The prevailing dogma about neurogenic regulation of vascular tone consists of major vasodilatation caused by CGRP (and possibly substance P) released from sensory-motor nerves and vasoconstriction caused by noradrenaline, ATP and neuropeptode Y release from sympathetic nerves. Most studies on perivascular nerve-mediated vasodilatation are made in vitro. In the present study, we provide evidence indicating that in vivo electrical perivascular nerve stimulation in rat mesenteric small arteries causes a large β1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation, which contrasts with a smaller vasodilatation caused by endogenous CGRP that is only visible after inhibition of Y1 NPY receptors.
ABSTRACT
Mesenteric arteries are densely innervated and the nerves are important regulators of vascular tone and hence blood pressure and blood flow. Perivascular sensory-motor nerves have been shown to cause vasodilatation in vitro. However, less is known about their function in vivo. Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old; n = 72) were anaesthetized with ketamine (3 mg kg ) and xylazine (0.75 mg kg ) or pentobarbital (60 mg kg ). After a laparotomy, a section of second-order mesenteric artery was visualized in an organ bath after minimal removal of perivascular adipose tissue. The effects of electrical field stimulation (EFS) and drugs on artery diameter and blood flow were recorded with intravital microscopy and laser speckle imaging. EFS caused vasodilatation in arteries constricted with 1 μm U46619 in the presence of 140 μm suramin and 1 μm prazosin. The vasodilatation was inhibited by 1 μm tetrodotoxin and 5 μm guanethidine, although not by the 1 μm of the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096bs. In the presence of 0.3 μm Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226, BIBN4096bs partly inhibited the vasodilatation. Atenolol at a concentration 1 μm inhibited the vasodilatation, whereas 0.1 μm of the β -adrenoceptor selective antagonist ICI-118,551 had no effect. Increasing the extracellular [K ] to 20 mm caused vasodilatation but was converted to vasoconstriction in the presence of 1 μm BIBN4096bs, and constriction to 30 mm potassium was potentiated by BIBN4096bs. Atenolol but not BIBN4096bs increased contraction to EFS in the absence of suramin and prazosin. In mesenteric small arteries of anaesthetized rats, EFS failed to stimulate major dilatation via sensory-motor nerves but induced sympathetic β -adrenoceptor-mediated dilatation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Atenolol; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Piperazines; Prazosin; Quinazolines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; Suramin; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 30693527
DOI: 10.1113/JP277368 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Feb 2021Heart failure (HF) is associated with neurohumoral activation, which in turn leads to an increased peripheral resistance. In mesenteric vasculature, perivascular...
Heart failure (HF) is associated with neurohumoral activation, which in turn leads to an increased peripheral resistance. In mesenteric vasculature, perivascular innervation plays relevant role maintaining vascular tonus and resistance. Therefore, we aimed to determine the possible alterations in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) perivascular innervation function in HF rats. HF was induced by coronary artery occlusion in male Wistar rats, and sham-operated (SO) rats were used as controls. After 12 wk, a greater vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was observed in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded SMA of HF rats. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine diminished this response in a higher magnitude in HF than in SO animals. However, the noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor desipramine increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more in segments from HF rats. Besides, EFS-induced NA release was greater in HF animals, due to a higher tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity. P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin reduced EFS-induced vasoconstriction only in segments from SO rats, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release was lower in HF than in SO. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhanced EFS-induced vasoconstriction in a similar extent in both groups. HF was not associated with changes in EFS-induced NO release or the vasodilator response to NO donor sodium nitroprusside. In conclusion, HF postmyocardial infarction enhanced noradrenergic function and diminished purinergic cotransmission in SMA and did not change nitrergic innervation. The net effect was an increased sympathetic participation on the EFS-induced vasoconstriction that could help to understand the neurotransduction involved on the control of vascular tonus in HF. This study reinforces the pivotal role of noradrenergic innervation in the regulation of mesenteric vascular tone in a rat model of heart failure. Moreover, our results highlight the counteracting role of ATP and NA reuptake, and help to understand the signaling pathways involved on the control of vascular tonus and resistance in heart failure postmyocardial infarction.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Desipramine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heart Failure; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitroprusside; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Suramin; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33164582
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2020 -
HPB : the Official Journal of the... Jun 2017Resection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during pancreatectomy is performed infrequently and is undertaken with the aim of removing non-metastatic locally... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Resection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during pancreatectomy is performed infrequently and is undertaken with the aim of removing non-metastatic locally advanced pancreatic tumours. SMA resection reports also encompass resection of other visceral vessels. The consequences of resection of these different arteries are not necessarily equivalent. This is a focused systematic review of the outcome of SMA resection during pancreatectomy for cancer.
METHODS
A computerized search of the English language literature was undertaken for the period 1st January 2000 through 30th April 2016. The keywords "Pancreatic surgery" and "Vascular resections" were used. Thirteen studies reported 70 patients undergoing pancreatectomy with SMA resection from 10,726 undergoing pancreatectomy. Individual patient-level outcome data were available for 25.
RESULTS
Median (range) accrual period was 132 (48-372) months. Reported peri-operative morbidity ranged from 39% to 91%. There were 5 peri-operative deaths in the 25 patients with individual-outcome data. Median survival was 11 months (95% Confidence interval 9.5-12.5 months; standard error 0.8 months).
CONCLUSIONS
SMA resection during pancreatectomy is undertaken infrequently incurring high peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Median survival is 11 (95% CI 9.5-12.5) months. In contemporary practice there is no evidence to support SMA resection during pancreatectomy.
Topics: Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 28410913
DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.02.437 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 2023
Topics: Humans; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Mesenteric Ischemia; Mesenteric Arteries; Thrombolytic Therapy; Catheters; Treatment Outcome; Ischemia; Acute Disease; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
PubMed: 37062660
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2023.04.002 -
Journal of Vascular Research 2016Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels formed by Kv7 (KCNQ) α-subunits are recognized as crucial for vascular smooth muscle function, in addition to their established... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels formed by Kv7 (KCNQ) α-subunits are recognized as crucial for vascular smooth muscle function, in addition to their established roles in the heart (Kv7.1) and the brain (Kv7.2-5). In vivo, Kv7 α-subunits are often regulated by KCNE subfamily ancillary (β) subunits. We investigated the effects of targeted germline Kcne4 deletion on mesenteric artery reactivity in adult male and female mice. Kcne4 deletion increased mesenteric artery contractility in response to α-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine, and decreased responses to Kv7.2-7.5 channel activator ML213, in male but not female mice. In contrast, Kcne4 deletion markedly decreased vasorelaxation in response to isoprenaline in both male and female mice. Kcne4 expression was 2-fold lower in the female versus the male mouse mesenteric artery, and Kcne4 deletion elicited only moderate changes of other Kcne transcripts, with no striking sex-specific differences. However, Kv7.4 protein expression in females was twice that in males, and was reduced in both sexes by Kcne4 deletion. Our findings confirm a crucial role for KCNE4 in regulation of Kv7 channel activity to modulate vascular tone, and provide the first known molecular mechanism for sex-specificity of this modulation that has important implications for vascular reactivity and may underlie sex-specific susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Anilides; Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; KCNQ Potassium Channels; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Methoxamine; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenotype; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Sex Factors; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 27710966
DOI: 10.1159/000449060 -
Biomolecules Feb 2022Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor compounds, such as compound AP39, supply HS into the mitochondrial environment and have shown several beneficial in...
Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor compounds, such as compound AP39, supply HS into the mitochondrial environment and have shown several beneficial in vitro and in vivo effects in cardiovascular conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. However, the study of their direct vascular effects has not been addressed to date. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects and describe the mechanisms of action of AP39 on the in vitro vascular reactivity of mouse mesenteric artery. Protein and gene expressions of the HS-producing enzymes (CBS, CSE, and 3MPST) were respectively analyzed by Western blot and qualitative RT-PCR, as well the in vitro production of HS by mesenteric artery homogenates. Gene expression of CSE and 3MPST in the vessels has been evidenced by RT-PCR experiments, whereas the protein expression of all the three enzymes was demonstrated by Western blotting experiments. Nonselective inhibition of HS-producing enzymes by AOAA abolished HS production, whereas it was partially inhibited by PAG (a CSE selective inhibitor). Vasorelaxation promoted by AP39 and its HS-releasing moiety (ADT-OH) were significantly reduced after endothelium removal, specifically dependent on NO-cGMP signaling and SK channel opening. Endogenous HS seems to participate in the mechanism of action of AP39, and glibenclamide-induced K blockade did not affect the vasorelaxant response. Considering the results of the present study and the previously demonstrated antioxidant and bioenergetic effects of AP39, we conclude that mitochondria-targeted HS donors may offer a new promising perspective in cardiovascular disease therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice; Mitochondria; Thiones; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 35204781
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020280 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Sep 2018Objective- In renal arteries, inhibitors of G protein βγ subunits (Gβγ) reduce Kv7 activity and inhibit Kv7-dependent receptor-mediated vasorelaxations. However, the...
Objective- In renal arteries, inhibitors of G protein βγ subunits (Gβγ) reduce Kv7 activity and inhibit Kv7-dependent receptor-mediated vasorelaxations. However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-mediated relaxation are artery specific. Consequently, the aim of this study was to ascertain the role of Gβγ in Kv7-dependent vasorelaxations of the rat vasculature. Approach and Results- Isometric tension recording was performed in isolated rat renal, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries to study isoproterenol and calcitonin gene-related peptide relaxations. Kv7.4 was knocked down via morpholino transfection while inhibition of Gβγ was investigated with gallein and M119K. Proximity ligation assay was performed on isolated myocytes to study the association between Kv7.4 and G protein β subunits or signaling intermediaries. Isoproterenol or calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced relaxations were attenuated by Kv7.4 knockdown in all arteries studied. Inhibition of Gβγ with gallein or M119K had no effect on isoproterenol-mediated relaxations in mesenteric artery but had a marked effect on calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced responses in mesenteric artery and cerebral artery and isoproterenol responses in renal artery. Isoproterenol increased association with Kv7.4 and Rap1a in mesenteric artery which were not sensitive to gallein, whereas in renal artery, isoproterenol increased Kv7.4-AKAP (A-kinase anchoring protein) associations in a gallein-sensitive manner. Conclusions- The Gβγ-Kv7 relationship differs between vessels and is an essential requirement for AKAP, but not Rap-mediated regulation of the channel.
Topics: A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cerebral Arteries; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; Isoproterenol; KCNQ Potassium Channels; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Rats, Wistar; Renal Artery; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Xanthenes
PubMed: 30002060
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311360 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2020Laparoscopic aortomesenteric bypass may be performed to treat the chronic mesenteric ischemia patients who are not suitable for endovascular treatment. This study...
BACKGROUND
Laparoscopic aortomesenteric bypass may be performed to treat the chronic mesenteric ischemia patients who are not suitable for endovascular treatment. This study presents an initial experience with a limited series of laparoscopic mesenteric artery revascularization for the treatment of mesenteric ischemia.
METHODS
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) patients with previous unsuccessful endovascular treatment or with arterial occlusion and extensive calcification precluding safe endovascular treatment were offered laparoscopic mesenteric revascularization. From October 2015 until November 2018, nine patients with CMI underwent laparoscopic revascularization. In addition to demographic data and perioperative results of the treatment, graft patency was assessed with Duplex ultrasound at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.
RESULTS
All bypasses were constructed with an 8 mm ring enforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in a retrograde fashion (from infrarenal aorta or iliac artery) to either superior mesenteric artery or splenic artery (2 cases). Median operation time was 356 mins (range 247-492 mins). Five patients had a history of unsuccessful endovascular treatment. Laparoscopic technical success was 78%, and the primary open conversion rate was 22%. All laparoscopic revascularization procedures remained patent after discharge during a median follow-up time of 26 months (range 18-49 months). The primary graft patency at 30 days was 78%. Primary assisted, and secondary graft patency was 78% and 100%, respectively. Median weight gain was 2 kg (range 2-18 kg), and all patients achieved relief from postprandial pain and nausea. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period.
CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic aortomesenteric revascularization procedures for chronic mesenteric ischemia are feasible but require careful patient selection. These procedures should only be performed at referral centers by vascular surgeons with prior experience in laparoscopic vascular surgery.
Topics: Aged; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Chronic Disease; Female; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Ischemia; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Reoperation; Splanchnic Circulation; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Patency
PubMed: 32256075
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S243264 -
PloS One 2021Androgens may exert cardiovascular protective actions by regulating the release and function of different vascular factors. In addition, testosterone (TES) and its...
Androgens may exert cardiovascular protective actions by regulating the release and function of different vascular factors. In addition, testosterone (TES) and its 5-reduced metabolites, 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5α- and 5β-DHT) induce vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects. Furthermore, hypertension has been reported to alter the release and function of the neurotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and noradrenaline (NA). Since the mesenteric arteries possess a dense perivascular innervation and significantly regulate total peripheral vascular resistance, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of TES, 5α- and 5β-DHT on the neurogenic release and vasomotor function of NO, CGRP and NA. For this purpose, the superior mesenteric artery from male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats was used to analyze: (i) the effect of androgens (10 nM, incubated for 30 min) on the neurogenic release of NO, CGRP and NA and (ii) the vasoconstrictor-response to NA and the vasodilator responses to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and exogenous CGRP. The results showed that TES, 5α- or 5β-DHT did not modify the release of NO, CGRP or NA induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the arteries of SHR; however, in the arteries of WKY rats androgens only caused an increase in EFS-induced NO release. Moreover, TES, and especially 5β-DHT, increased the vasodilator response induced by SNP and CGRP in the arteries of SHR. These findings could be contributing to the hypotensive/antihypertensive efficacy of 5β-DHT previously described in conscious SHR and WKY rats, pointing to 5β- DHT as a potential drug for the treatment of hypertension.
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Testosterone; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Vasomotor System; Rats
PubMed: 33529222
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246254