-
American Journal of Physiology.... Jun 2021Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease with pulmonary arterial fibrotic remodeling and limited responsiveness to vasodilators. Our data suggest that mild...
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease with pulmonary arterial fibrotic remodeling and limited responsiveness to vasodilators. Our data suggest that mild acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibition could ameliorate PH, but the vascular mechanisms are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase inhibition ameliorates PH by improving pulmonary vascular reactivity and relaxation mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either control normoxic (Nx), or injected with Sugen 5416 (20 mg/kg, sc) and subjected to hypoxia (9% O) (Su + Hx), or Su + Hx treated with acetazolamide (ACTZ, 100 mg/kg/day, in drinking water). After measuring the hemodynamics, right ventricular hypertrophy was assessed by Fulton's Index; vascular function was measured in pulmonary artery, aorta, and mesenteric arteries; and pulmonary arteriolar remodeling was assessed in lung sections. Right ventricular systolic pressure and Fulton's Index were increased in Su + Hx and reduced in Su + Hx + ACTZ rats. Pulmonary artery contraction to KCl and phenylephrine were reduced in Su + Hx and improved in Su + Hx + ACTZ. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation and nitrate/nitrite production were reduced in pulmonary artery of Su + Hx and improved in Su + Hx + ACTZ. ACh relaxation was blocked by nitric oxide (NO) synthase and guanylate cyclase inhibitors, supporting a role of NO-cGMP. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was reduced in pulmonary artery of Su + Hx, and ACTZ enhanced relaxation to SNP. Contraction/relaxation were not different in aorta or mesenteric arteries of all groups. Pulmonary arterioles showed wall thickening in Su + Hx that was ameliorated in Su + Hx + ACTZ. Thus, amelioration of pulmonary hemodynamics during carbonic anhydrase inhibition involves improved pulmonary artery reactivity and NO-mediated relaxation and may enhance responsiveness to vasodilator therapies in PH.
Topics: Animals; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary Artery; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Rats
PubMed: 33826428
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00362.2020 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Apr 2017
Topics: Mesenteric Arteries; Specialties, Surgical; Vascular Surgical Procedures; Veins
PubMed: 28359439
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.03.009 -
Science Progress 2023Bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment have not been directly compared in symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a...
OBJECTIVES
Bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment have not been directly compared in symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen. Thus, we compared the early and mid-term outcomes of bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment to determine the most effective remedy for patients with this condition.
METHODS
Consecutive patients diagnosed with systematic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen admitted to the study hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Their demographic data, clinical findings, treatment options, early outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 85 patients (83 men) were included. 34.1% (n = 29) adopted bare stent treatment and 65.9% (n = 56) underwent bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. The symptoms were relieved in all patients (100%) with bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two endovascular treatments ( = 0.354). The cumulative complete remodeling rate was 100% in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment vs. 70.4% in bare stent treatment ( < 0.0001). The prevalence of adverse events for abdominal pain recurrence (none in BST or bare stent-assisted coiling treatment), and formation of the aneurysm (two in bare stent treatment, and none in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment) showed no significant difference at follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Both bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment for symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen have the same satisfying early outcome. In the midterm follow-up, bare stent-assisted coiling treatment has the higher cumulative complete remodeling rate which could be prioritized to treat this condition.
Topics: Male; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Stents; Mesenteric Arteries; Aortic Dissection
PubMed: 38116780
DOI: 10.1177/00368504231214959 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Apr 2019Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an emergent event with a high mortality rate; survivors have high rates of intestinal failure. Restoration of blood flow using...
OBJECTIVE
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an emergent event with a high mortality rate; survivors have high rates of intestinal failure. Restoration of blood flow using endovascular or surgical revascularization is associated with better outcome in terms of survival rate and intestinal resection. Retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS), which is a hybrid technique, combines two benefits: prompt blood flow restoration with an endovascular approach and inspection and resection of the small bowel. The aim of the study was to assess the results of ROMS in thrombotic AMI in a retrospective multicenter study.
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled all consecutive patients who underwent ROMS revascularization for occlusive thrombotic AMI in three participating tertiary care centers between November 2012 and March 2017.
RESULTS
Twenty-five patients (14 men and 11 women; mean age, 64.9 ± 11.6 years) were included. In two patients, ROMS was not possible because of failure of re-entry in the aortic lumen (technical success, 92%). One patient required revascularization of two visceral arteries and underwent an aortohepatic bypass. Five patients (20%) underwent endarterectomy and patch angioplasty of the superior mesenteric artery before retrograde stenting. Thirteen patients (52%) required bowel or colon resection (11 patients required both resections) during the initial procedure with a mean length of small bowel resection of 52 ± 87 cm. The 30-day operative mortality rate was 25%, and the overall 1-year survival rate was 65%. The 1-year primary patency rate was 92%. In one patient, postoperative imaging at 1 month showed stent migration in the aortic bifurcation.
CONCLUSIONS
ROMS for thrombotic AMI has a high technical success rate and a high midterm primary patency rate. It could be an alternative procedure to retrograde superior mesenteric artery bypass for patients when percutaneous endovascular revascularization is not indicated or has failed.
Topics: Aged; Endovascular Procedures; Female; France; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Mesenteric Ischemia; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Splanchnic Circulation; Stents; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Patency
PubMed: 30777691
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.07.058 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Sep 2014Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) encompasses the sequels of end-stage untreated chronic mesenteric ischemia and acute mesenteric artery thrombosis. Percutaneous...
OBJECTIVE
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) encompasses the sequels of end-stage untreated chronic mesenteric ischemia and acute mesenteric artery thrombosis. Percutaneous mesenteric artery stenting (PMAS) is the preferred treatment of patients with AMI but is not always feasible. Retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS) is a hybrid technique that combines the advantages of open surgical and endovascular approaches. The literature on the results of this new technique is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of ROMS in a consecutive series of patients with AMI.
METHODS
All patients with emergent mesenteric revascularization for AMI between January 2007 and September 2011 were entered in our prospective registry. Technical success, mortality, patency, clinical success, and complication rate at 30 days and 6 and 12 months were assessed.
RESULTS
Sixty-eight patients presented with AMI and 54 underwent PMAS, of which four were unsuccessful and followed by ROMS. Eleven patients were directly treated with ROMS, making a total of 15 patients (10 women and five men; median age, 66 years [interquartile range, 54-73 years]). In all patients, only the superior mesenteric artery was revascularized. In nine of the 15 patients, all three mesenteric arteries were severely stenotic or occluded. Technical success was achieved in 14 patients. At ROMS in two patients, the small bowel was severely ischemic. One of these patients needed a partial bowel resection because of irreversible transmural ischemia. At 30 days, the mortality rate was 20% and the primary patency was 92%. Ten patients underwent unplanned relaparotomy, of whom one needed resection of a large part of the small bowel. At 12 months, the mortality rate was still 20%. The primary patency was 83%. Primary assisted patency was 91%, and secondary patency was 100%. Clinical success at 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively, was 73%, 67%, and 67%.
CONCLUSIONS
AMI is still a devastating event. If PMAS is not feasible, ROMS is a reliable alternative and is associated with a relatively low mortality and morbidity rate.
Topics: Aged; Constriction, Pathologic; Emergencies; Endovascular Procedures; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Mesenteric Ischemia; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Registries; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Stents; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Diseases; Vascular Patency
PubMed: 24820898
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.001 -
Inflammation Research : Official... Dec 2020In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesothelial-to-macrophage transition (MET)... (Review)
Review
In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesothelial-to-macrophage transition (MET) during regeneration. Since the receptor transmits the environmental stimulus, downregulating or upregulating the process on an epigenetic level, the intracellular localization of receptors (signaling organelles: early endosomes or lysosomal degradation: late endosomes) plays a crucial role in the signaling events regulating inflammation and regeneration. Therefore, we focused on the internalization of the receptors as well as the intracellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules during EMT and MET. The review draws the reader's attention to the plasticity of mesothelial cells and supports the idea that during inflammation an ambient macrophage population might derive from mesothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Transdifferentiation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenteric Arteries; Regeneration
PubMed: 32920669
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01400-7 -
Singapore Medical Journal May 2016A 16-year-old Chinese male patient presented with constipation lasting five days, colicky abdominal pain, lethargy, weakness and body aches. He was able to pass flatus....
A 16-year-old Chinese male patient presented with constipation lasting five days, colicky abdominal pain, lethargy, weakness and body aches. He was able to pass flatus. Abdominal radiography showed a distended stomach causing inferior displacement of the transverse colon. Computed tomography revealed a dilated oesophagus, stomach and duodenum up to its third portion, with a short aortomesenteric distance and narrow angle. There was also consolidation in the lungs bilaterally. Based on the constellation of clinical and imaging findings, a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome complicated by aspiration pneumonia was made. The patient was subsequently started on intravenous hydration, nasogastric tube aspiration and antibiotics. Following stabilisation of his acute condition, a nasojejunal feeding tube was inserted and a feeding plan was implemented to promote weight gain. The clinical presentation, differentials, diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Child; China; Duodenum; Enteral Nutrition; Fluoroscopy; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Radiography, Abdominal; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vomiting
PubMed: 27212130
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016093 -
European Journal of Medical Research Aug 2018Ischemia of intestinal organs is a main cause of complications in surgical intensive care patients. Changes in the tonus of arteries contributing to vascular resistance...
BACKGROUND
Ischemia of intestinal organs is a main cause of complications in surgical intensive care patients. Changes in the tonus of arteries contributing to vascular resistance play an important role in the determination of blood flow and thus oxygen supply of various abdominal organs. It is generally acknowledged that hypoxia itself is able to alter arterial tonus and thus blood flow.
METHODS
The present study compared the effects of various degrees of hypoxia on second-order mesenteric arteries from male C57BL/6J mice. After vessel isolation and preparation, we assessed vessel diameter using an arteriograph perfusion chamber. Investigating mechanisms promoting hypoxia-induced vasodilatation, we performed experiments in Ca-containing and Ca-free solutions, and furthermore, Ca-influx was inhibited by NiCl, eNOS-, and TASK1-mice were investigated too.
RESULTS
Mild hypoxia 14.4% O induced, in 50% of mesenteric artery segments from wild-type (wt) mice, a vasodilatation; severe hypoxia recruited further segments responding with vasodilatation reaching 80% under anoxia. However, the extension of dilatation of luminal arterial diameter reduced from 1.96% ± 0.55 at 14.4% O to 0.68% ± 0.13 under anoxia. Arteries exposed to hypoxia in Ca-free solution responded to lower oxygen levels with increasing degree of vasodilatation (0.85% ± 0.19 at 14.4% O vs. 1.53% ± 0.42 at 2.7% O). Inhibition of voltage-gated Ca-influx using NiCl completely diminished hypoxia-induced vasodilatation. Instead, all arterial segments investigated constricted. Furthermore, we did not observe altered hypoxia-induced vasomotion in eNOS- or TASK1 mice compared to wt animals.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated that hypoxic vasodilatation in mice mesenteric arteries is mediated by a NO-independent mechanism. In this experimental setting, we found evidence for Ca-mediated activation of ion channels causing hypoxic vasodilatation.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Hypoxia; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxygen; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilation
PubMed: 30144829
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0335-8 -
PeerJ 2023PFI-3 is a small-molecule inhibitor that targets the bromodomains (BRDs) of Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1). This monomeric compound, which has high selectivity and potent...
BACKGROUND
PFI-3 is a small-molecule inhibitor that targets the bromodomains (BRDs) of Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1). This monomeric compound, which has high selectivity and potent cellular effects, has recently been developed. Although PFI-3 has been reported as a potential therapeutic agent targeting thrombomodulin, its role in the regulation of vascular function remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of PFI-3 on arterial vessel tone.
METHODS
A microvascular tension measurement device (DMT) was utilized to identify alterations in vascular tension within the mesenteric artery. To detect variations in cytosolic [Ca], a Fluo-3/AM fluorescent probe and fluorescence microscope were employed. Additionally, whole-cell patch clamp techniques were utilized to evaluate the activity of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (A10 cells).
RESULTS
PFI-3 exerted a dose-dependent relaxation effect on rat mesenteric arteries with both intact and denuded endothelium after phenylephrine (PE)- and high-K-induced constriction. PFI-3-induced vasorelaxation was not affected by the presence of L-NAME/ODQ or K channel blockers (Gli/TEA). PFI-3 abolished Ca-induced contraction on endothelium-denuded mesenteric arteries preincubated by PE in Ca-free solution. Incubation with TG had no impact on PFI-3-induced vasorelaxation pre-contracted by PE. PFI-3 reduced Ca-induced contraction on endothelium-denuded mesenteric arteries pre-incubated by KCl (60 mM) in Ca-free solution. PFI-3 declined extracellular calcium influx in A10 cells detected by Fluo-3/AM fluorescent probe and fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, we observed that PFI-3 decreased the current densities of L-type VDCC by whole-cell patch clamp techniques.
CONCLUSIONS
PFI-3 blunted PE and high K-induced vasoconstriction independent of endothelium on rat mesenteric artery. The vasodilatory effect of PFI-3 may be attributed to its inhibition of VDCCs and receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
Topics: Animals; Rats; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Fluorescent Dyes; Mesenteric Arteries
PubMed: 37250720
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15407 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2017Endothelin-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Our previous study found that inhibition of mitochondrial...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Endothelin-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Our previous study found that inhibition of mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells suppressed phenylephrine- and high K+-induced artery constriction. Here, we studied the effects of mitochondrial fission inhibitors on endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction.
METHODS
The tension of rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta was measured by using a multi-wire myograph system. Mitochondrial morphology of aortic smooth muscle cells was observed by using transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Dynamin-related protein-1 selective inhibitor mdivi-1 relaxed endothelin-1-induced constriction, and mdivi-1 pre-treatment prevented endothelin-1-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. Mdivi-1 had a similar inhibitory effect on rat thoracic aorta. Another mitochondrial fission inhibitor dynasore showed similar effects as mdivi-1 in rat mesenteric arteries. Mdivi-1 inhibited endothelin-1-induced increase of mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells of rat aorta. Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 which relaxed endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction inhibited endothelin-1-induced mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells of rat aorta.
CONCLUSION
Endothelin-1 increases mitochondrial fission in vascular smooth muscle cells, and mitochondrial fission inhibitors suppress endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Dynamins; Endothelin-1; Hydrazones; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Pyridines; Quinazolinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 28750371
DOI: 10.1159/000479536