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Journal of Vascular Surgery Aug 2021
Topics: Aortic Dissection; Dissection; Humans; Mesenteric Artery, Superior
PubMed: 34303483
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.01.076 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; Colitis, Ischemic; Embolism; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Mesenteric Arteries
PubMed: 37087071
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.04.018 -
Physiological Reports Dec 2021The vasoconstrictive effect of sympathetic activity is attenuated in contracting skeletal muscle (functional sympatholysis), allowing increased blood supply to the...
The vasoconstrictive effect of sympathetic activity is attenuated in contracting skeletal muscle (functional sympatholysis), allowing increased blood supply to the working muscle but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to examine α-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in isolated artery segments from non-exercised and exercised mice, using wire myography. Isometric tension recordings performed on femoral artery segments from exercised mice showed decreased α-adrenergic receptor responsiveness compared to non-exercised mice (logEC -5.2 ± 0.04 M vs. -5.7 ± 0.08 M, respectively). In contrast, mesenteric artery segments from exercised mice displayed similar α-adrenergic receptor responses compared to non-exercised mice. Responses to the vasoconstrictor serotonin (5-HT) and vasodilator isoprenaline, were similar in femoral artery segments from non-exercised and exercised mice. To study sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, we examined arterial contractions induced by caffeine, which depletes SR Ca and thapsigargin, which inhibits SR Ca -ATPase (SERCA) and SR Ca uptake. Arterial contractions to both caffeine and thapsigargin were increased in femoral artery segment from exercised compared to non-exercised mice. Furthermore, 3D electron microscopy imaging of the arterial wall showed SR volume/length ratio increased 157% in smooth muscle cells of the femoral artery from the exercised mice, whereas there was no difference in SR volume/length ratio in mesenteric artery segments. These results show that in arteries surrounding exercising muscle, the α-adrenergic receptor constrictions are blunted, which can be attributed to swollen smooth muscle cell SR's, likely due to increased Ca content that is possibly reducing free intracellular Ca available for contraction. Overall, this study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism underlying functional sympatholysis.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Calcium; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Myography; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Sympatholytics; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 34851043
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15133 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Aug 2014There is evidence for developmental origins of vascular dysfunction yet little understanding of maturation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of regional circulations. We...
There is evidence for developmental origins of vascular dysfunction yet little understanding of maturation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of regional circulations. We measured maturational changes in expression of myosin phosphatase (MP) and the broader VSM gene program in relation to mesenteric small resistance artery (SRA) function. We then tested the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in programming of SRAs and used genetically engineered mice to define the role of MP isoforms in the functional maturation of the mesenteric circulation. Maturation of rat mesenteric SRAs as measured by qPCR and immunoblotting begins after the second postnatal week and is not complete until maturity. It is characterized by induction of markers of VSM differentiation (smMHC, γ-, α-actin), CPI-17, an inhibitory subunit of MP and a key target of α-adrenergic vasoconstriction, α1-adrenergic, purinergic X1, and neuropeptide Y1 receptors of sympathetic signaling. Functional correlates include maturational increases in α-adrenergic-mediated force and calcium sensitization of force production (MP inhibition) measured in first-order mesenteric arteries ex vivo. The MP regulatory subunit Mypt1 E24+/LZ- isoform is specifically upregulated in SRAs during maturation. Conditional deletion of mouse Mypt1 E24 demonstrates that splicing of E24 causes the maturational reduction in sensitivity to cGMP-mediated vasorelaxation (MP activation). Neonatal chemical sympathectomy (6-hydroxydopamine) suppresses maturation of SRAs with minimal effect on a conduit artery. Mechanical denervation of the mature rat renal artery causes a reversion to the immature gene program. We conclude that the SNS captures control of the mesenteric circulation by programming maturation of the SRA smooth muscle.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cyclic GMP; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Artery; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 24929853
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2014 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jan 2020The blood supply of the native pancreas by three arterial lines from the celiac trunk system (splenic artery and common hepatic artery) and the superior mesenteric...
BACKGROUND
The blood supply of the native pancreas by three arterial lines from the celiac trunk system (splenic artery and common hepatic artery) and the superior mesenteric artery forces surgeons to perform vascular reconstruction to provide sufficient intra-organ blood flow into the graft. The purpose of our study was to assess the possibility of pancreas transplantation with an isolated splenic artery blood supply.
METHODS
From January 2012 to July 2018, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) was performed in 21 patients. Gender: male - 11 (52,4%), female 10 (47,6%). Recipients aged 26 to 54, the median age was 38 [34; 42] years. In 6 (28,6%) recipients, the organ perfusion was carried out through the splenic artery alone; in the rest, it was performed through the splenic and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery exiting from the superior mesenteric artery of the graft. The transplant function, the quality of carbohydrate metabolism compensation, the objective characteristics of intra-organ blood flow was assessed.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in the volume blood flow characteristics revealed by CT-perfusion and laboratory data in the study groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the assessment of the function and quality of blood supply to the transplant, the possibility of performing pancreas transplantation with an isolated splenic artery blood supply had been proved.
Topics: Adult; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Female; Humans; Laparotomy; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Pancreas; Pancreas Transplantation; Perfusion; Splenic Artery; Transplants; Vascular Surgical Procedures; Young Adult
PubMed: 31301933
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.06.011 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023The arterial myogenic response to intraluminal pressure elicits constriction to maintain tissue perfusion. Smooth muscle [Ca] is a key determinant of constriction, tied...
The arterial myogenic response to intraluminal pressure elicits constriction to maintain tissue perfusion. Smooth muscle [Ca] is a key determinant of constriction, tied to L-type (Ca1.2) Ca channels. While important, other Ca channels, particularly T-type could contribute to pressure regulation within defined voltage ranges. This study examined the role of one T-type Ca channel (Ca3.1) using C57BL/6 wild type and Ca3.1 mice. Patch-clamp electrophysiology, pressure myography, blood pressure and Ca imaging defined the Ca3.1 phenotype relative to C57BL/6. Ca3.1 mice had absent Ca3.1 expression and whole-cell current, coinciding with lower blood pressure and reduced mesenteric artery myogenic tone, particularly at lower pressures (20-60 mmHg) where membrane potential is hyperpolarized. This reduction coincided with diminished Ca wave generation, asynchronous events of Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, insensitive to L-type Ca channel blockade (Nifedipine, 0.3 µM). Proximity ligation assay (PLA) confirmed IPR1/Ca3.1 close physical association. IPR blockade (2-APB, 50 µM or xestospongin C, 3 µM) in nifedipine-treated C57BL/6 arteries rendered a Ca3.1 contractile phenotype. Findings indicate that Ca influx through Ca3.1 contributes to myogenic tone at hyperpolarized voltages through Ca-induced Ca release tied to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study helps establish Ca3.1 as a potential therapeutic target to control blood pressure.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Nifedipine; Calcium Signaling; Vasoconstriction; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mesenteric Arteries; Niacinamide; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Calcium; Calcium Channels, T-Type
PubMed: 37989780
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47715-3 -
Cardiovascular Research Mar 2021Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIMS
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized yet. We described systematic vascular remodelling, especially the artery type- and cell type-specific changes, in hypertension using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).
METHODS AND RESULTS
Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to depict the cell atlas of mesenteric artery (MA) and aortic artery (AA) from SHRs. More than 20 000 cells were included in the analysis. The number of immune cells more than doubled in aortic aorta in SHRs compared to Wistar Kyoto controls, whereas an expansion of MA mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was observed in SHRs. Comparison of corresponding artery types and cell types identified in integrated datasets unravels dysregulated genes specific for artery types and cell types. Intersection of dysregulated genes with curated gene sets including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), receptors, etc. revealed vascular remodelling events involving cell-cell interaction and ECM re-organization. Particularly, AA remodelling encompasses upregulated cytokine genes in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and especially MSCs, whereas in MA, change of genes involving the contractile machinery and downregulation of ECM-related genes were more prominent. Macrophages and T cells within the aorta demonstrated significant dysregulation of cellular interaction with vascular cells.
CONCLUSION
Our findings provide the first cell landscape of resistant and conductive arteries in hypertensive animal models. Moreover, it also offers a systematic characterization of the dysregulated gene profiles with unbiased, artery type-specific and cell type-specific manners during hypertensive vascular remodelling.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Regulatory Networks; Hypertension; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; RNA-Seq; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome; Vascular Remodeling; Rats
PubMed: 32589721
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa164 -
Folia Morphologica 2022The coeliac trunk (CT) is well-known as trifurcated into the left gastric (LGA), common hepatic (CHA) and splenic (SA) arteries.
BACKGROUND
The coeliac trunk (CT) is well-known as trifurcated into the left gastric (LGA), common hepatic (CHA) and splenic (SA) arteries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Scarce reports indicate that the CT could appear quadri-, penta-, hexa-, or even heptafurcated. Reports of CTs with six branches (hexafurcated CT) are few, less than ten. The hexafurcated CT variant was documented by a retrospective study of 93 computed tomography angiograms.
RESULTS
Two hexafurcated CTs were found. In one case an arc of Bühler was added to the inferior phrenic arteries, LGA, CHA and SA. In the second case the dorsal pancreatic artery was added to the other five branches. That arc of Bühler descended in front of the aorta to connect with the origin of the third jejunal artery. The CHA in that second case was trifurcated into the left and right hepatic arteries, and the gastroduodenal artery; the proper hepatic artery was absent.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the hexafurcated CT, as well as the trifurcated CHA, are rarely occurring and reported anatomic variants, this doesn't mean they could not be encountered during surgical or interventional procedures, which they would complicate if not recognised. Moreover, the arc of Bühler, the embryonic remnant, was not reported previously to insert into the CT as an additional branch of it.
Topics: Celiac Artery; Hepatic Artery; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Retrospective Studies; Splenic Artery
PubMed: 33749804
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0025 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2020To study the arterial distribution of embosphere microsphere (EM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles in rabbit mesenteric artery using in vivo microscopy.To study the...
PURPOSE
To study the arterial distribution of embosphere microsphere (EM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles in rabbit mesenteric artery using in vivo microscopy.To study the arterial distribution of embosphere microsphere (EM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles in rabbit mesenteric artery using in vivo microscopy.
METHODS
Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups, namely large PVA (560-710 μm), small PVA (150-350 μm), large EM (500-700 μm), and small EM (100-300 μm). The mesenteric arteries of the experimental animals were embolized under fluoroscopic guidance and visualized using in vivo microscopy. The embolized vessel diameter and arterial distribution of embolic agents were compared.
RESULTS
The diameters of occluded vessels in large PVA, small PVA, large EM, and small EM groups were 430.60 ± 67.30, 200.95 ± 70.54, 387.79 ± 92.51, and 143.81 ± 39.65 μm, respectively. PVA occluded significantly larger vessels than EM when the particle size was similar (P < 0.001). The proportion of EM at the bifurcation of the artery was significantly higher than that of PVA particles (large PVA < large EM, χ = 4.325, P < 0.038; small PVA < small EM, χ = 6.68, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Both PVA and EM could occlude vessels smaller than the particle size, and EM resulted in deeper penetration. The location of embolic particles in the artery is mainly related to the shape of particles.
Topics: Angiography; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Embolization, Therapeutic; Intravital Microscopy; Mesenteric Arteries; Microspheres; Models, Animal; Particle Size; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Rabbits
PubMed: 32474513
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_435_19 -
Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Jul 2016Intestinal ischemia can quickly escalate to bowel necrosis and perforation. Transplantation of stem cells presents a novel treatment modality for this problem. We...
OBJECTIVE
Intestinal ischemia can quickly escalate to bowel necrosis and perforation. Transplantation of stem cells presents a novel treatment modality for this problem. We hypothesized that: human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) would increase survival and mesenteric perfusion to a greater degree compared with differentiated cellular controls following ischemic intestinal injury, and improved outcomes with hASC therapy would be associated with preservation of intestinal histological and tight junction architecture, and lower levels of systemic inflammation following intestinal injury.
METHODS
hASCs and keratinocytes (differentiated cellular control) were cultured on polystyrene flasks at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air. Adult male C57Bl6J mice were anesthetized and a midline laparotomy performed. The intestines were eviscerated, the small bowel mesenteric root identified, and intestinal ischemia was established by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min with a noncrushing vascular clamp. Following ischemia, the clamp was removed, and the intestines were returned to the abdominal cavity. Before abdominal closure, 2 million hASCs or keratinocytes in 250 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (carrier for cells and control solution) were infused into the peritoneum. Animals were allowed to recover for 12 or 24 h (perfusion, histology, cytokine, and immunofluoresence studies), or 7 days (survival studies). Intestinal perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Intestinal tissue segments were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as antibodies for the tight junction protein claudin-1. Separate aliquots of intestine, liver, and lung tissue were homogenized and assessed for inflammatory cytokines via multiplex beaded assay.
RESULTS
Animals administered hASCs following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury had significantly greater 7-day survival and better postischemic recovery of mesenteric perfusion compared with vehicle or keratinocyte therapy. hASCs also abated intestinal mucosal destruction, facilitated preservation of intestinal tight junctions, and decreased the systemic inflammatory response to injury.
CONCLUSIONS
Human adipose-derived stromal cells improved survival and mesenteric perfusion and attenuated the mucosal damage associated with intestinal I/R injury. hASCs should be considered as a plausible cell source for novel cellular treatment plans following intestinal ischemia.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Liver; Lung; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Reperfusion Injury; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 26796571
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000571