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Journal of Inflammation Research 2021Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and...
BACKGROUND
Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and neutralization of acrolein, HC symptoms have still been observed clinically in most of these cases. is a powerful healing vegetable that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The current study evaluated the synergistic effects of mesna and celery seed on IFS-induced HC in rabbits.
METHODS
Twenty male rabbits (four groups) were administered distilled water, IFS, mesna, and mesna+celery seed cotherapy (MCC) for three weeks. The serum and urinary bladder of experimental rabbits underwent biochemical (TNF-α, MDA, iNOS, SOD, GPx, and CAT), histopathological and ultrastructural investigations to evaluate the structural changes of the urinary bladder (UB).
RESULTS
IFS injection resulted in severe cystitis with a remarkable increase in the scale of hematuria, elevations of TNF-α, MDA, and iNOS activity, and reduced activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT antioxidants. Additionally, the structure of UB exhibited evident mucosal edema and ulceration. In contrast, the MCC regimen group revealed partial synergistic improvement of all mentioned parameters.
CONCLUSION
IFS induced cystitis by releasing acrolein, which exerted a significant role in the pathogenesis of HC. In contrast, the MCC intake partially ameliorated the UB damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
PubMed: 34795496
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S337405 -
Current Treatment Options in... 2017With established immunosuppressant treatment regimens for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV), prognosis has significantly improved. The... (Review)
Review
With established immunosuppressant treatment regimens for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV), prognosis has significantly improved. The mainstay of treatment still comprises high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide for severe forms, although rituximab is being increasingly utilised instead of cyclophosphamide as induction therapy. AAV patients experience an excess of infections, malignancies and cardiovascular events as compared to the general population, which is a combination of the systemic inflammatory process associated with vasculitis and the adverse events from treatment. Successful therapy should focus on suppressing disease activity and minimising treatment-related toxicity. Infection is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in the first year of treatment, and annual pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations, prophylaxis and tuberculosis (TB) and Hepatitis B virus screening are advised. Patients on high-dose corticosteroid treatment should have regular blood sugar monitoring, a FRAX assessment with vitamin D and calcium supplementation, consideration of prophylaxis for gastric ulcers and a cardiovascular risk assessment. Patients who are treated with cyclophosphamide could also receive MESNA to reduce the risk of chemical cystitis. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine all require blood monitoring schedules due to the risk of bone marrow suppression, liver and renal toxicity. Hypogammaglobulinaemia is a recognised risk of rituximab treatment. Patients of reproductive age need to be counselled on the infertility risks with cyclophosphamide and the teratogenicity associated with it, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil. A greater focus on identifying clinical and biological markers that will help identify those patients at greatest risk of relapse, e.g. GPA and PR3-ANCA specificity, from those patients at greatest risk of toxicity, e.g. increasing age and declining GFR, is required to allow treatment to be tailored accordingly.
PubMed: 29201630
DOI: 10.1007/s40674-017-0082-y -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021The lung is severely affected by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Mesna, a thiol compound, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed in...
The lung is severely affected by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Mesna, a thiol compound, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed in the present work to explore the potential beneficial effects of Mesna on the acute lung damage mediated by intestinal I-R in a rat model. Forty male adult albino rats were randomly separated into; control, intestinal I-R, Mesna I and Mesna II groups. Mesna was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 60 min before ischemia (Mesna I) and after reperfusion (Mesna II). Arterial blood gases and total proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured. Lung tissue homogenates were utilized for biochemical assays of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Lung specimens were managed for examination by light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed that Mesna attenuated the histopathological changes and apoptosis of the lung following intestinal I-R. Mesna also recovered systemic oxygenation. Mesna suppressed neutrophil infiltration (as endorsed by the reduction in MPO level), reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression, inhibited NF-κB pathway and reduced the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the lung tissues. Mesna maintained the antioxidant profile as evidenced by the elevation of the tissue GPx and SOD and down-regulation of HSP70 immune-expressions. Accordingly, Mesna treatment can be a promising way to counteract remote injury of the lung resulted from intestinal I-R.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Down-Regulation; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Intestines; Lung; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mesna; Neutrophil Infiltration; Oxidative Stress; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 34172794
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92653-7 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Oct 2021The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) and 5-fluorouracil on cholesteatoma...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) and 5-fluorouracil on cholesteatoma formation.
METHODS
Fifty-six Wistar albino male rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats in each. On the first, eighth and fifteenth days, 0.2 ml of saline was administered to the group 1 (control group), and propylene glycol to induce cholesteatoma the other groups. On the 22 day of the study, 0.2 ml saline was given to Group 1 and Group 2. Groups 3 to 7 were treated with 0.2 ml 100% MESNA, 0.2 ml 50% MESNA, 0.2 ml 20% MESNA, 0.2 ml 5-fluorouracil and 0.1 ml 100% MESNA plus 0.1 ml 5-fluorouracil, respectively, with all applications performed by intratympanic injection.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found between Group 1 and all other groups except Group 3. Significant differences were also found between Group 3 and Groups 2, 5 and 6 (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, experimental cholesteatoma induced with propylene glycol may be inhibited by MESNA at 100% concentration.
Topics: Animals; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear; Fluorouracil; Humans; Mesna; Propylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34734585
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1392 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jul 2023Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes organ dysfunction as a result of the increased formation of various reactive oxygen metabolites, infiltration of inflammatory cells,...
BACKGROUND
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes organ dysfunction as a result of the increased formation of various reactive oxygen metabolites, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial edema, cellular dysfunction, and tissue death.
AIM
The study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) against tissue damage in rats exposed to carotid ischemia-reperfusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, carotid I/R, I/R + MESNA (75 mg/kg), and I/R + MESNA (150 mg/kg) groups. To induce ischemia in rats, the carotid arteries were ligated with silk sutures for 10 min; the silk suture was then opened, and 1 h reperfusion was done. MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia-reperfusion. Tissue samples from the animals were taken for histological examination, while the serum levels of some biochemical parameters were utilized to evaluate the systemic alterations. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were applied with a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
The ischemia-reperfusion-induced tissue damage as evidenced by increase in serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -8) was significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) reversed after treatment with MESNA in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg), significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) decreased the I/R-induced increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 β).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that MESNA has a protective effect on tissues by suppressing cellular responses to oxidants and inflammatory mediators associated with carotid ischemia-reperfusion.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Mesna; Lung Injury; Rats, Wistar; Brain; Ischemia; Reperfusion; Silk
PubMed: 37635578
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_654_22 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Feb 2021To determine whether submucosal mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) infiltration is superior to normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in mucoperichondrial...
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether submucosal mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) infiltration is superior to normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in mucoperichondrial hydrodissection.
METHODS
Twenty-one rabbits were administered adrenaline + lidocaine, saline or mesna. Bilateral septal mucoperichondrial flap elevations were performed following submucosal infiltration. The intraoperative bleeding amount, operation time, accessibility of the surgical plane, field quality and degree of mucoperichondrial injury were recorded. The three groups were compared histopathologically.
RESULTS
The amount of bleeding and duration of the operation were significantly higher and the accessibility of the surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group vs. the other groups (p < 0.05). The mucosal damage rate was significantly higher in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The surgical field quality was significantly lower in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The accessibility of the correct surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group compared with the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p < 0.05). The amount of bleeding, duration of operation, surgical field quality and accessibility of the surgical plane did not differ significantly between the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p > 0.05). The pericondrium thickness was significantly lower in the saline group than the other groups. Cartilage thickness was significantly higher in the saline group compared with the mesna group (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Use of mesna instead of normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in septoplasty was not more advantageous in terms of intraoperative parameters. The adrenaline + lidocaine group was superior to normal saline for all intraoperative parameters. In conclusion, the use of adrenaline may be more advantageous in facilitating septal mucoperichondrium elevation due to its widespread use, low cost and superiority to physiological saline.
Topics: Animals; Epinephrine; Humans; Lidocaine; Mesna; Rabbits; Rhinoplasty; Saline Solution
PubMed: 33746223
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N0920 -
Korean Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2014Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common stem cell transplantation-related complication. The incidence of early-onset hemorrhagic cystitis, which is related to the pretransplant... (Review)
Review
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common stem cell transplantation-related complication. The incidence of early-onset hemorrhagic cystitis, which is related to the pretransplant conditioning regimen, has decreased with the concomitant use of mesna and hyperhydration. However, late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis, which is usually caused by the BK virus, continues to develop. Although the BK virus is the most common pathogenic microorganism of poststem cell transplantation late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis, pediatricians outside the hemato-oncology and nephrology specialties tend to be unfamiliar with hemorrhagic cystitis and the BK virus. Moreover, no standard guidelines for the early diagnosis and treatment of BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation have been established. Here, we briefly introduce poststem cell transplantation BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis.
PubMed: 25653684
DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.514 -
JAMA Ophthalmology Jul 2018Multi-institutional collaborative studies that include large patient populations for the management of retinoblastoma with histopathological risk factors could provide...
IMPORTANCE
Multi-institutional collaborative studies that include large patient populations for the management of retinoblastoma with histopathological risk factors could provide important information for patient management.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the implementation of a strategy for the management of nonmetastatic unilateral retinoblastoma in children based on standardized diagnostic and treatment criteria.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This single-arm prospective study applied a strategy based on a single-center experience. The setting was a multicenter study in Latin America (Grupo de America Latina de Oncologia Pediatrica [GALOP]). Participants were children with nonmetastatic unilateral retinoblastoma (staged with the International Retinoblastoma Staging System). The study opened on July 1, 2008, and closed on December 31, 2014. Follow-up was updated until June 30, 2017.
INTERVENTIONS
Stage 0 patients (without enucleation) were given conservative therapy without a protocol. Stage I patients (with enucleation and no residual tumor) were divided into a high-risk group (retrolaminar invasion and/or scleral invasion) and a low-risk group (all remaining patients). High-risk children received adjuvant chemotherapy with 4 alternating cycles of regimen 1 (cyclophosphamide [65 mg/kg/d] [plus sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate], idarubicin hydrochloride [10 mg/m2/d], and vincristine sulfate [0.05 mg/kg/d]) and 4 cycles of regimen 2 (carboplatin [500 mg/m2/d, days 1 and 2] and etoposide [100 mg/m2/d, days 1-3]). Low-risk children did not receive adjuvant therapy. Children with buphthalmia received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for a total of 8 cycles.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Probability of event-free survival (extraocular relapse and death from any cause were considered events).
RESULTS
Among 187 children registered in the study, 175 were evaluable (92 [52.5%] female; median age, 22 months; age range, 3-100 months). Forty-two were stage 0 children, 84 were stage I low-risk children, and 42 were stage I high-risk children; there were 7 children in the buphthalmia group. With a median follow-up of 46 months, the 3-year probability of event-free survival was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-0.99), and the probability of overall survival was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00). Stage 0 patients had no events, stage I low-risk patients had 1 event (orbital relapse treated with second-line therapy), stage I high-risk patients had 2 events (1 central nervous system relapse and 1 death from sepsis), and the buphthalmia group had 1 event (orbital relapse, followed by central nervous relapse and death).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Adjuvant therapy may be effective for high-risk unilateral retinoblastoma but is toxic, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for buphthalmus appears feasible.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carboplatin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Disease-Free Survival; Etoposide; Eye Enucleation; Female; Humans; Hydrophthalmos; Idarubicin; Infant; Male; Mesna; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prospective Studies; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Survival Rate; Vincristine
PubMed: 29799944
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1501 -
Viruses Aug 2022Flavivirus infections, such as those caused by dengue and West Nile viruses, emerge as new challenges for the global healthcare sector. It has been found that these two...
Flavivirus infections, such as those caused by dengue and West Nile viruses, emerge as new challenges for the global healthcare sector. It has been found that these two viruses encode ion channels collectively termed viroporins. Therefore, drug molecules that block such ion-channel activity can serve as potential antiviral agents and may play a primary role in therapeutic purposes. We screened 2839 FDA-approved drugs and compounds in advanced experimental phases using three bacteria-based channel assays to identify such ion channel blockers. We primarily followed a negative genetic screen in which the channel is harmful to the bacteria due to excessive membrane permeabilization that can be relieved by a blocker. Subsequently, we cross-checked the outcome with a positive genetic screen and a pH-dependent assay. The following drugs exhibited potential blocker activities: plerixafor, streptomycin, tranexamic acid, CI-1040, glecaprevir, kasugamycin, and mesna were effective against dengue virus DP1. In contrast, idasanutlin, benzbromarone, 5-azacytidine, and plerixafor were effective against West Nile Virus MgM. These drugs can serve as future antiviral therapeutic agents following subsequent in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; Heterocyclic Compounds; Humans; Viroporin Proteins; West Nile Fever; West Nile virus
PubMed: 36016372
DOI: 10.3390/v14081750 -
Cureus Apr 2023Primary mesenteric liposarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignant neoplasm. The authors present a case of a 42-year-old male with pain in the abdomen and abdominal mass...
Primary mesenteric liposarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignant neoplasm. The authors present a case of a 42-year-old male with pain in the abdomen and abdominal mass which showed a desmoid tumor on biopsy and CT shows a mesenteric mass present. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and a large tumor was excised. The specimen was sent for histopathology and showed dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the mesentery. Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor cells are diffusely positive for mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), p16, and show patchy positivity for the cluster of differentiation (CD) 34. The cells are negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S100, and ckit. After the surgery, the patient recovered well and was given adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and mesna. The patient has no signs or symptoms of recurrence to date. In this case, the combination of surgery and chemotherapy has shown to have a good clinical outcome.
PubMed: 37261141
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38329