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Nutrients Oct 2019We aimed to assess the association of sleep with metabolic syndrome in the 2013/2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We aimed to assess the association of sleep with metabolic syndrome in the 2013/2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
METHODS
Sample size included 2737 out of 2013 and 2014 NHANES surveys. Cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome and sleep duration was conducted. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP ATPIII (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria. Metabolic syndrome severity score was calculated based on actual measurement of each component, adjusted for sex and race. The generalized additive model (GAM) was built to assess the smooth relationship between metabolic syndrome/metabolic syndrome severity score and sleep duration. Adjustment of models were done for age, sex, race, and sitting time. The value of effective degree of freedom (EDF) formed by the GAM model shows the degree of curvature of the relationship. A value of 1 for EDF is translated as the linear shape of relationship. Values larger than one denote a more complex relationship between the response variable and the predicting one.
RESULTS
There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in univariable GAM (EDF = 2.43, = 0.06) and multivariable GAM (EDF = 2.03, = 0.20). The lowest risk of metabolic syndrome was observed in people sleeping 7 hours/night. There was a significant U-shaped association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome severity score in multivariable GAM (EDF = 2.94, = 0.0004). Similarly, the lowest mean metabolic syndrome severity score was observed in people sleeping 7 hours/night. There was an effect modification of sex and sleep duration indicating strong U-shaped relationship of metabolic syndrome severity score and sleep duration in women (EDF = 3.43, = 0.00002) and semi-linear association in men (EDF = 1.76, = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Short and long sleep duration was associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome and higher scores of metabolic syndrome severity score in women. Short sleep duration was associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome and higher scores of metabolic syndrome severity score in men.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Sleep; Young Adult
PubMed: 31717770
DOI: 10.3390/nu11112582 -
Nutrients Aug 2019The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with insulin resistance and are driven by underlying factors, including... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with insulin resistance and are driven by underlying factors, including visceral obesity, systemic inflammation, and cellular dysfunction. These risks increasingly begin in childhood and adolescence and are associated with a high likelihood of future chronic disease in adulthood. Efforts should be made at both recognition of this metabolic risk, screening for potential associated Type 2 diabetes, and targeting affected individuals for appropriate treatment with an emphasis on lifestyle modification. Effective interventions have been linked to reductions in MetS-and in adults, reductions in the severity of MetS have been linked to reduced diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31382417
DOI: 10.3390/nu11081788 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite the many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as "developmental origins... (Review)
Review
One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite the many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD), can have its origins in early life. Offspring MetS can be programmed by various adverse early-life conditions, such as nutrition imbalance, maternal conditions or diseases, maternal chemical exposure, and medication use. Conversely, early interventions have shown potential to revoke programming processes to prevent MetS of developmental origins, namely reprogramming. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about adverse environmental insults implicated in MetS of developmental origins, including the fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also describe animal models that have been developed to study the developmental programming of MetS. This review extends previous research reviews by addressing implementation of reprogramming strategies to prevent the programming of MetS. These mechanism-targeted strategies include antioxidants, melatonin, resveratrol, probiotics/prebiotics, and amino acids. Much work remains to be accomplished to determine the insults that could induce MetS, to identify the mechanisms behind MetS programming, and to develop potential reprogramming strategies for clinical translation.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Origin of Life
PubMed: 34769303
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111872 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The Special Issue call for papers on "Metabolic syndrome and its association with biomarkers" was proposed to present research on various markers for pathophysiology and...
The Special Issue call for papers on "Metabolic syndrome and its association with biomarkers" was proposed to present research on various markers for pathophysiology and the early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [...].
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36429722
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215003 -
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry May 2019Bile acids have important roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Metabolic diseases linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and... (Review)
Review
Bile acids have important roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Metabolic diseases linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are associated with dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis. Here, the basic chemistry and regulation of bile acids as well as their metabolic effects will be reviewed. Changes in circulating bile acids associated with obesity and related diseases will be reviewed. Finally, pharmaceutical manipulation of bile acid homeostasis as therapy for metabolic diseases will be outlined.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 30453753
DOI: 10.1177/0004563218817798 -
Nature Reviews. Endocrinology Dec 2020The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33106657
DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4 -
Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra 2016A high caloric intake in today's nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of the notable increase in obesity in our society. In turn, this results in an... (Review)
Review
A high caloric intake in today's nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of the notable increase in obesity in our society. In turn, this results in an increase in associated pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes type 2. In the present work we review most recent studies and programs, which are significant due to their sample size and geographical diversity. It clearly shows that changes in alimentation and lifestyles are an effective instrument for combatting or delaying the onset of these diseases. In this sense, prevention is also key to avoiding serious consequences related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which can affect the life of the population.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Healthy; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 27599954
DOI: 10.23938/ASSN.0267 -
Nutrients Aug 2017The translation of the growing increase of findings emerging from basic nutritional science into meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advices represents nowadays... (Review)
Review
The translation of the growing increase of findings emerging from basic nutritional science into meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advices represents nowadays one of the main challenges of clinical nutrition. From nutrigenomics to deep phenotyping, many factors need to be taken into account in designing personalized and unbiased nutritional solutions for individuals or population sub-groups. Likewise, a concerted effort among basic, clinical scientists and health professionals will be needed to establish a comprehensive framework allowing the implementation of these new findings at the population level. In a world characterized by an overwhelming increase in the prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, tailored nutrition prescription represents a promising approach for both the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to discuss recent works in the field of precision nutrition analyzing most relevant aspects affecting an individual response to lifestyle/nutritional interventions. Latest advances in the analysis and monitoring of dietary habits, food behaviors, physical activity/exercise and deep phenotyping will be discussed, as well as the relevance of novel applications of nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiota profiling. Recent findings in the development of precision nutrition are highlighted. Finally, results from published studies providing examples of new avenues to successfully implement innovative precision nutrition approaches will be reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Diet, Healthy; Diffusion of Innovation; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Metabolomics; Nutrigenomics; Nutrition Therapy; Nutritional Status; Phenotype; Precision Medicine; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28829397
DOI: 10.3390/nu9080913 -
Translational Research : the Journal of... May 2017The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the concurrence of obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance,... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the concurrence of obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, and/or hypertension. Earlier conceptualizations of the MetS focused on insulin resistance as a core feature, and it is clearly coincident with the above list of features. Each component of the MetS is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the combination of these risk factors elevates rates and severity of cardiovascular disease, related to a spectrum of cardiovascular conditions including microvascular dysfunction, coronary atherosclerosis and calcification, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. While advances in understanding the etiology and consequences of this complex disorder have been made, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and it is unclear how these concurrent risk factors conspire to produce the variety of obesity-associated adverse cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological consequences of obesity and the MetS on cardiovascular function and disease, including considerations of potential physiological and molecular mechanisms that may contribute to these adverse outcomes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 28130064
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.01.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2018The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial... (Review)
Review
The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.
Topics: Animals; Diet Therapy; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30602666
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010128