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World Journal of Microbiology &... Nov 2022Yeast mannoproteins are proposed as a paraprobiotics with antimicrobial and prebiotic properties. They can be used as biopreservatives in food and in diseases therapies....
Yeast mannoproteins are proposed as a paraprobiotics with antimicrobial and prebiotic properties. They can be used as biopreservatives in food and in diseases therapies. The knowledge about the specificity and/or capability of their influence on the growth of different microorganism is limited. The study determined the effect of mannoprotein preparations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) ATCC 7090 and nonconventional yeast origin [Metschnikowia reukaufii (M. reukaufii) WLP 4650 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (W. anomalus) CCY 38-1-13] on the growth of selected bacteria of the genera: Lactobacilllus, Limosilatobacillus, Limosilatobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and Salmonella. The degree of stimulation or growth inhibition of tested bacteria depended on the type and dose of the mannoprotein and the bacterial strain. The addition of the tested preparations in the entire range of applied concentrations had a positive effect especially on the growth of Lactobacillus arabinosus ATCC 8014 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B12. Mannoproteins isolated from S. cerevisiae limited the growth of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aureoginosa (P. aureoginosa) ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659 and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 to the greatest extent, while preparations of M. reukaufii and W. anomalus origin most effectively limited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains, E. coli and P. aureoginosa. The growth of Enterococcus faecalis was stimulated by the presence of all studied preparations in most of the concentrations used. Further research will determine how the purification process of studied mannoproteins or oligosaccharide fractions, its structure and composition influence on the growth of selected bacteria and what is the mechanism of its activity.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli; Phylogeny; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36319710
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03448-5 -
Ecology and Evolution Feb 2023Organisms are increasingly facing multiple stressors, which can simultaneously interact to cause unpredictable impacts compared with a single stressor alone. Recent...
Organisms are increasingly facing multiple stressors, which can simultaneously interact to cause unpredictable impacts compared with a single stressor alone. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can allow for rapid responses to altered environments, including biotic and abiotic stressors, both within a generation and across generations (transgenerational plasticity). Parents can potentially "prime" their offspring to better cope with similar stressors or, alternatively, might produce offspring that are less fit because of energetic constraints. At present, it remains unclear exactly how biotic and abiotic stressors jointly mediate the responses of transgenerational plasticity and whether this plasticity is adaptive. Here, we test the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental changes on within- and transgenerational plasticity using a - zooplankton-fungal parasite system. By exposing parents and their offspring consecutively to the single and combined effects of elevated temperature and parasite infection, we showed that transgenerational plasticity induced by temperature and parasite stress influenced host fecundity and lifespan; offsprings of mothers who were exposed to one of the stressors were better able to tolerate elevated temperature, compared with the offspring of mothers who were exposed to neither or both stressors. Yet, the negative effects caused by parasite infection were much stronger, and this greater reduction in host fitness was not mitigated by transgenerational plasticity. We also showed that elevated temperature led to a lower average immune response, and that the relationship between immune response and lifetime fecundity reversed under elevated temperature: the daughters of exposed mothers showed decreased fecundity with increased hemocyte production at ambient temperature but the opposite relationship at elevated temperature. Together, our results highlight the need to address questions at the interface of multiple stressors and transgenerational plasticity and the importance of considering multiple fitness-associated traits when evaluating the adaptive value of transgenerational plasticity under changing environments.
PubMed: 36760704
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9767 -
Ecology and Evolution Mar 2018Yeast volatiles attract insects, which apparently is of mutual benefit, for both yeasts and insects. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of metabolites that...
Yeast volatiles attract insects, which apparently is of mutual benefit, for both yeasts and insects. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of metabolites that attract insects is a basic and general trait, or if it is specific for yeasts that live in close association with insects. Our goal was to study chemical insect attractants produced by yeasts that span more than 250 million years of evolutionary history and vastly differ in their metabolism and lifestyle. We bioassayed attraction of the vinegar fly to odors of phylogenetically and ecologically distinct yeasts grown under controlled conditions. Baker's yeast , the insect-associated species , and , wine yeast , milk yeast , the vertebrate pathogens and , and oleophilic were screened for fly attraction in a wind tunnel. Yeast headspace was chemically analyzed, and co-occurrence of insect attractants in yeasts and flowering plants was investigated through a database search. In yeasts with known genomes, we investigated the occurrence of genes involved in the synthesis of key aroma compounds. Flies were attracted to all nine yeasts studied. The behavioral response to baker's yeast was independent of its growth stage. In addition to , we tested the basal hexapod (Collembola) in a Y-tube assay to the most ancient yeast, which proved that early yeast signals also function on clades older than neopteran insects. Behavioral and chemical data and a search for selected genes of volatile metabolites underline that biosynthesis of chemical signals is found throughout the yeast clade and has been conserved during the evolution of yeast lifestyles. Literature and database reviews corroborate that yeast signals mediate mutualistic interactions between insects and yeasts. Moreover, volatiles emitted by yeasts are commonly found also in flowers and attract many insect species. The collective evidence suggests that the release of volatile signals by yeasts is a widespread and phylogenetically ancient trait, and that insect-yeast communication evolved prior to the emergence of flowering plants. Co-occurrence of the same attractant signals in yeast and flowers suggests that yeast-insect communication may have contributed to the evolution of insect-mediated pollination in flowers.
PubMed: 29531709
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3905 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Milky disease caused by fungus has significantly harmed the Chinese mitten crab aquaculture industry. However, the effect of infection on the metabolism and...
Milky disease caused by fungus has significantly harmed the Chinese mitten crab aquaculture industry. However, the effect of infection on the metabolism and intestinal flora of the crab remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the changes in the metabolism and intestinal flora after 48 h of infection with , using metabolomic and metagenomic analyses. Metabolomic analysis results revealed 420 significantly different metabolites between the infected and control groups, and these metabolites were enriched in 58 metabolic pathways. infection decreased the levels of metabolites related to amino acid biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as lysine, histidine, linolenic, arachidonic, and linoleic acid metabolism. These results indicated that infection significantly affected the energy metabolism, growth, and immunity of . The results of metagenomic analysis showed that the anaerobes and ascomycetes populations significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after infection. These changes in intestinal flora significantly upregulated metabolic and synthetic pathways while downregulating immunity-related pathways. The results of integrated metabolomic and metagenomic analyses showed that 55 differentially expressed genes and 28 operational taxonomic units were correlated with 420 differential metabolites. Thus, the intestinal flora changes caused by infection also affected the metabolites. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic-and intestinal microflora-based effects of infection in , as well as a theoretical basis for the interaction between fungi and crustaceans.
PubMed: 36212869
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990737 -
Ecology and Evolution Sep 2022Biological rhythms mediate important within-host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many...
Biological rhythms mediate important within-host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts, exposure to pathogens occurs while feeding. However, the link between feeding rhythms and infection risk is unclear because feeding behavior is tightly coupled with immune and metabolic processes which may decrease susceptibility to infection. Here, we use the host-pathogen system to determine how rhythms in feeding rate and immune function mediate infection risk. The host is known to have a nocturnal circadian rhythm in feeding rate, yet we found that they do not exhibit a circadian rhythm in phenoloxidase activity. We found that the time of day when individuals are exposed to pathogens affects the probability of infection with higher infection prevalence at night, indicating that infection risk is driven by a host's circadian rhythm in feeding behavior. These results suggest that the natural circadian rhythm of the host should be considered when addressing epidemiological dynamics.
PubMed: 36177139
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9264 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2022With industrial agriculture increasingly challenging our ecological limits, alternative food production routes such as microbial protein (MP) production are receiving...
With industrial agriculture increasingly challenging our ecological limits, alternative food production routes such as microbial protein (MP) production are receiving renewed interest. Among the multiple substrates so far evaluated for MP production, renewable bioethanol (EtOH) is still underexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the cultivation of five microorganisms (2 bacteria, 3 yeasts) under carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and dual C-N-limiting conditions (molar C/N ratios of 5, 60, and 20, respectively) to evaluate the production (specific growth rate, protein and biomass yield, production cost) as well as the nutritional characteristics (protein and carbohydrate content, amino acid [AA] profile) of MP production from bioethanol. Under C-limiting conditions, all the selected microorganisms showed a favorable AA profile for human nutrition (average AA score of 1.5 or higher), with a negative correlation between protein content and growth rate. Maximal biomass yields were achieved under conditions where no extracellular acetate was produced. Cyberlindnera saturnus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus displayed remarkably high biomass yields (0.40 to 0.82 g cell dry weight [CDW]/g EtOH), which was reflected in the lowest estimated biomass production costs when cultivated with a C/N ratio of 20. Finally, when the production cost was evaluated on a protein basis, Corynebacterium glutamicum grown under C-limiting conditions showed the most promising economic outlook. The global protein demand is rapidly increasing at rates that cannot be sustained, with projections showing 78% increased global protein needs by 2050 (361 compared to 202 million ton/year in 2017). In the absence of dedicated mitigation strategies, the environmental effects of our current food production system (relying on agriculture) are expected to surpass the planetary boundaries-the safe operating space for humanity-by 2050. Here, we illustrate the potential of bioethanol-renewable ethanol produced from side streams-as a main resource for the production of microbial protein, a radically different food production strategy in comparison to traditional agriculture, with the potential to be more sustainable. This study unravels the kinetic, productive, and nutritional potential for microbial protein production from bioethanol using the bacteria Methylorubrum extorquens and Corynebacterium glutamicum and the yeasts Cyberlindnera saturnus, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima, setting the scene for microbial protein production from renewable ethanol.
Topics: Humans; Nitrogen; Carbon; Biomass; Ethanol; Yeasts; Fermentation; Biofuels
PubMed: 36286523
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01188-22 -
ELife Oct 2022Priority effects, where arrival order and initial relative abundance modulate local species interactions, can exert taxonomic, functional, and evolutionary influences on...
Priority effects, where arrival order and initial relative abundance modulate local species interactions, can exert taxonomic, functional, and evolutionary influences on ecological communities by driving them to alternative states. It remains unclear if these wide-ranging consequences of priority effects can be explained systematically by a common underlying factor. Here, we identify such a factor in an empirical system. In a series of field and laboratory studies, we focus on how pH affects nectar-colonizing microbes and their interactions with plants and pollinators. In a field survey, we found that nectar microbial communities in a hummingbird-pollinated shrub, (formerly ) , exhibited abundance patterns indicative of alternative stable states that emerge through domination by either bacteria or yeasts within individual flowers. In addition, nectar pH varied among flowers in a manner that is consistent with the existence of these alternative stable states. In laboratory experiments, , the bacterium most commonly found in nectar, exerted a strongly negative priority effect against , the most common nectar-specialist yeast, by reducing nectar pH. This priority effect likely explains the mutually exclusive pattern of dominance found in the field survey. Furthermore, experimental evolution simulating hummingbird-assisted dispersal between flowers revealed that could evolve rapidly to improve resistance against the priority effect if constantly exposed to -induced pH reduction. Finally, in a field experiment, we found that low nectar pH could reduce nectar consumption by hummingbirds, suggesting functional consequences of the pH-driven priority effect for plant reproduction. Taken together, these results show that it is possible to identify an overarching factor that governs the eco-evolutionary dynamics of priority effects across multiple levels of biological organization.
Topics: Animals; Plant Nectar; Pollination; Flowers; Birds; Plants; Yeasts; Bacteria
PubMed: 36300797
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.79647 -
Persoonia Jun 2021Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit of , from stem of , on stems of , from rhizosphere soil of , on living leaves of , , and on living leaves of sp. , from soil. , from soil under , from an unidentified fern. , on deteriorated hardwood. , from tea bag with fruit tea, as endophyte from , on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. , on basic to calcareous soil, from , from buds of , as endophyte from roots , on leaves of , on soil under sp., from soil. , from compost. , on leaves of unidentified succulent, on leaves of sp., on leaves of sp., from hypolith under a rock, on leaves of unidentified tree, and from hypolith under a rock, on leaves of sp., (incl. gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of , on twigs of , on dung of sp., on zebra dung, on stems of . , on sandy soil, on nutrient poor (acid) soil, on plant debris, amongst grasses. , from leaf spots of sp., and from stem discolouration and leaf spots of sp., from leaf spots of sp., (incl. gen. nov.) and from leaf spots of , from leaf spots of , from leaf spots of , on soil in semi-natural grassland, on soil in calcareous and forests, on soil semi-natural grasslands, on gravelly soil. , on soil in association with , on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce , on à moss covered rotting trunk of , on debris of , on soil on calcareous grasslands, on soil in subalpine grasslands, on rotted wood of , on fallen dead branches of , from fruits of , on soil, as endophyte from , on mowed grassland, from corticated branches of sp. , on leaves of unidentified , on dead pods of , on leaves of sp., on leaves of sp., on bark of , on leaves of , as epiphyte on brown stem of , and on leaves of , on on bark of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaf litter of , on leaves of , on leaf litter of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , on twigs of , on leaves of sp., from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee , on leaf litter of , on leaves of sp., on pods of , with in calcareus soils, under subsp in calcareous soil, (incl. gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, on acidic soils, on volcanic lapilii material, in calcareus soil. , on soil under and , on inflorescence of , on on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. , on leaves of , from surface sterilised roots of , from outside wall of alcohol distillery. , on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kölling, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283. Persoonia 46: 313-528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11.
PubMed: 35935893
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11 -
Persoonia Jun 2015Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia...
Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
PubMed: 26240451
DOI: 10.3767/003158515X688433 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Three strains marketed as bioprotection yeasts were studied to compare their antimicrobial effect on a mixture of two yeast strains in synthetic must at 12 °C,...
Three strains marketed as bioprotection yeasts were studied to compare their antimicrobial effect on a mixture of two yeast strains in synthetic must at 12 °C, mimicking pre-fermentative maceration by combining different approaches. The growth of the different strains was monitored, their nitrogen and oxygen requirements were characterised, and their metabolomic footprint in single and co-cultures studied. Only the strain and one strains colonised the must and induced the rapid decline of . The efficiency of these two strains followed different inhibition kinetics. Furthermore, the initial ratio between and was an important factor to ensure optimal bioprotection. Nutrient consumption kinetics showed that apiculate yeasts competed with strains for nutrient accessibility. However, this competition did not explain the observed bioprotective effect, because of the considerable nitrogen content remaining on the single and co-cultures. The antagonistic effect of on probably implied another form of amensalism. For the first time, metabolomic analyses of the interaction in a bioprotection context were performed after the pre-fermentative maceration step. A specific footprint of the interaction was observed, showing the strong impact of the interaction on the metabolic modulation of the yeasts, especially on the nitrogen and vitamin pathways.
PubMed: 37959046
DOI: 10.3390/foods12213927