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Nutrients Aug 2021Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ability of probiotics to enhance micronutrient status, which could aid... (Review)
Review
Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ability of probiotics to enhance micronutrient status, which could aid in the prevention of non-communicable disease-associated malnutrition. This systematic review evaluated evidence of the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to improve micronutrient status in healthy subjects. The authors searched for published English language peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from inception to July 2020 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB)2 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I tool). Fourteen original studies out of 2790 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that, despite varying degrees of efficacy, the intake of certain probiotics in healthy subjects was associated with a positive impact on the status of certain micronutrients (vitamin B12, calcium, folate, iron and zinc). A limitation was that studies were widely heterogeneous in terms of participant age, probiotic strain, species, dosage, intervention duration, and form of administration. Additional clinical trials are warranted to determine the most effective strains of probiotics, doses and durations of interventions.
Topics: Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Minerals; Nutritional Status; Probiotics; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 34578878
DOI: 10.3390/nu13093001 -
Nutrients Apr 2017The aim of this study was to examine usual daily micronutrient intake of Chinese children based on data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed data...
The aim of this study was to examine usual daily micronutrient intake of Chinese children based on data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed data from 4 to 17-year-old participants, who provided dietary data on three consecutive days combined with the household weighing method in 2011. Usual daily intake of each nutrient was estimated using a mixed effects model based on the China Food Composition published in 2009. The means, medians and percentages below Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) were reported for selected micronutrients, including calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin C. For sodium and potassium, the means and the distribution of intakes were compared to the Adequate Intake (AI) level. The average usual daily intakes of all micronutrients increase with age, and the intakes of boys were found to be higher than girls in the same age group. The average calcium intake increased from 272 mg/day in 4-6 years to 391 mg/day in 14-17 years, but the percentage of inadequate calcium intake remained very high (>96%). The prevalence of inadequacy of calcium was the highest among the mineral nutrients reported in this study. As the requirements of micronutrients increased with age, the percentage of subjects with inadequate intake increased in the 11-17 years age groups. Among 14-17 years group, the percentages of study participants with dietary intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin C below the EAR were 96.8%, 18.8%, 37.6%, 72.8%, 36.8%, 91.8%. 85.9% and 75.5%, respectively. Among 11-13 years group, the percentages of study participants with dietary intakes of iron, zinc and vitamin A below the EAR were 23.5%, 41.5%, and 41.6%, respectively. Thus, micronutrient deficiency is a problem in Chinese children. Nutrition education and intervention programs are needed to address these nutritional gaps.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Surveys; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Micronutrients; Minerals; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 28420205
DOI: 10.3390/nu9040397 -
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders... 2019This narrative review gives an overview on the essential role of adequate nutrition to an optimally functioning immune defence. Micronutrients act as regulators of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review gives an overview on the essential role of adequate nutrition to an optimally functioning immune defence. Micronutrients act as regulators of the immune response, with the focus of this review on the immunomodulatory effects of the trace elements iron, zinc and selenium, and the vitamins A, D, E, C, B6 and B12 and folic acid.
RESULTS
Iron deficiency especially impairs the Th1 cell-borne cellular immunity. T lymphocytes are also most affected by a deficiency of zinc, needed for their maturation and the balance between the different T cell subpopulations and acting as a redox signal in the regulation of many enzymes. Selenium is also involved in redox reactions as the glutathione peroxidases and other redox enzymes are selenoproteins. Selenium status has shown special effects on cellular immunity and resistance to viral infections. Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid induces a humoral Th2 cell response via antigen-presenting cells and is involved in maintaining intestinal immune defence and tolerance through its nuclear receptor RAR and via kinase signalling cascades. Immune tolerance is particularly promoted by vitamin D acting through dendritic cells to stimulate the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Vitamin E has antiinflammatory effects and stimulates naïve T cells especially in the elderly. Besides its antioxidative properties, vitamin C has effects on cell signalling and epigenetic regulation. The B vitamins are required for cytotoxic cellular immunity and modulate T cell responses.
CONCLUSION
A diverse diet and regular exposure to sunlight are the best sources for a balanced nutrient supply to maintain an optimal immune defence.
Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Diet, Healthy; Humans; Immune System; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Signal Transduction; Sunlight; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 31142256
DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190529101816 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Early childhood nutritional deficiency has detrimental consequences on physical and cognitive development. We conducted a single-center, single-blind, two-arm pilot... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized Pilot Trial of Micronutrient Supplementation for Under-5 Children in an Urban Low-Cost Flat Community in Malaysia: A Framework for Community-Based Research Integration.
Early childhood nutritional deficiency has detrimental consequences on physical and cognitive development. We conducted a single-center, single-blind, two-arm pilot randomized no-treatment controlled trial (the Child of Urban Poverty Iron Project (CUPIP); NCT03819530) in a people’s housing project locale in Selangor, Malaysia, between September 2019 and February 2020, to assess the trial’s general feasibility and preliminary benefits of daily micronutrient supplementation for iron storage and anthropometric outcomes in under-5 children. Those with history of premature births, congenital abnormalities, or baseline hemoglobin <70 g/L were excluded. Participants received baseline deworming and were simply randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either micronutrient (4-month daily micronutrient packets) or control (no micronutrient supplementation) groups. Information on anthropometric, erythrocytic, and iron storage endpoints were collected. Overall, 45 (25 micronutrient and 20 controls) participants were enrolled and completed 4-month endpoint assessments. Micronutrient recipients demonstrated higher median mean corpuscular volume, serum ferritin level with no significant differences in all anthropometric endpoints. In conclusion, this pilot trial was implementable, demonstrating that micronutrient supplementation significantly improved hematological, but not anthropometric, endpoints, of under-5-year-old children living in an underprivileged environment. A definitive well-designed trial with larger sample sizes and greater attrition control should be contemplated in the future.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Pilot Projects; Dietary Supplements; Single-Blind Method; Malaysia; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Iron
PubMed: 36360757
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113878 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of chronic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a relatively selective, progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)... (Review)
Review
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of chronic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a relatively selective, progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which leads to axon loss and visual field alterations. To date, many studies have shown the role of various elements, mainly metals, in maintaining the balance of prooxidative and antioxidative processes, regulation of fluid and ion flow through cell membranes of the ocular tissues. Based on the earlier and current research results, their relationship with the development and progression of glaucoma seems obvious and is increasingly appreciated. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and prevention of glaucomatous diseases. Special attention is also paid to the genetic background associated with glaucoma-related abnormalities of physiological processes that regulate or involve the ions of elements considered as trace elements necessary for the functioning of the cells.
Topics: Animals; Glaucoma; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Trace Elements
PubMed: 33919241
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094323 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Nov 2021
Topics: Trace Elements
PubMed: 34711565
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp21X717569 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 36565561
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.020 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Apr 2022Interpretation of blood micronutrient levels requires age-appropriate reference intervals. This study developed age-dependent micronutrient centiles for healthy children...
Development of age-dependent micronutrient centile charts and their utility in children with chronic gastrointestinal conditions at risk of deficiencies: A proof-of-concept study.
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Interpretation of blood micronutrient levels requires age-appropriate reference intervals. This study developed age-dependent micronutrient centiles for healthy children (HC) and explored their utility in sick children.
METHODS
244 blood samples were collected from normal HC who underwent tests for acute illness. Age-dependent, centile charts were fitted for zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium in plasma and erythrocytes (RBC), and for vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in RBC. For 34 children with Crohn's disease (CrD) and 55 with coeliac disease (CoeD), Z-scores for the levels of these micronutrients were computed, using the new charts. Associations were explored between plasma and RBC micronutrient Z-scores, and in CrD with CRP and serum albumin.
RESULTS
In HC, plasma zinc and selenium increased and plasma copper, magnesium and RBC vitamins B1, B2 and B6 decreased with age. In HC and in CrD, plasma and RBC Z-scores for copper, selenium and magnesium (all p < 0.001) were positively correlated, but not for zinc. In CrD, albumin was related with plasma zinc (rho = 0.62; p < 0.001) and selenium Z-scores (rho = 0.65; p < 0.001) and plasma copper Z-score with CRP (rho = 0.45; p = 0.02). A higher proportion of CrD children had low levels for B2 (21% vs 0%; p = 0.01) and B6 (18% vs 0%; p = 0.02) using the new centile charts than the local laboratory references.
CONCLUSION
Age-dependent micronutrient centile charts enable tracking of micronutrient status, Z-score calculation and may prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of deficiencies. In systemic inflammatory conditions, RBC measurements of certain micronutrients may be more reliable to use than measurements in plasma.
Topics: Child; Copper; Humans; Micronutrients; Selenium; Serum Albumin; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 35299083
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.021 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status is adversely impacted by toxic metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, and arsenic) exposures; however, the micronutrient status...
Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status is adversely impacted by toxic metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, and arsenic) exposures; however, the micronutrient status of e-waste recyclers who are amongst the highest metal-exposed groups is not known. This study, therefore, assessed the micronutrient status of e-waste recyclers using dietary information (2-day 24-h recall survey) and biomarker data (whole blood and urine) among 151 participants (100 e-waste recyclers at Agbogbloshie and 51 controls at Madina Zongo from the Accra region, Ghana) in March 2017. Biomarker levels of iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were analyzed by the ICP-MS. Linear regression models were used to assess associations ofwork-related factors and sociodemographic characteristics with micronutrient intake, blood, and urine micronutrient levels. The results showed that apart from Fe and Zn, e-waste recyclers at Agbogbloshie did not meet the day-to-day dietary requirements for Ca, Cu, Se, and Mg intake. Except for the low levels of Mg and Fe detected in blood of e-waste recyclers, all other micronutrients measured in both blood and urine of both groups fell within their reference range. Exposure to biomass burning was associated with lower blood levels of Fe, Mg, and Zn among the e-waste recyclers. Further, among e-waste recyclers, significant relationships were found between the number of years spent recycling e-waste and urinary Ca and Cu excretion. Given that, some dietary and blood levels of micronutrients were below their reference ranges, the implementation of evidence-based nutrition strategies remains necessary among e-waste recyclers to reduce their risk of becoming malnourished.
Topics: Electronic Waste; Ghana; Humans; Micronutrients; Occupational Exposure; Recycling; Trace Elements
PubMed: 33371401
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249575 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024There is limited information on changes of pasture mineral concentrations over the long-term in response to liming. A long-term field experiment was conducted to assess...
There is limited information on changes of pasture mineral concentrations over the long-term in response to liming. A long-term field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of lime application on (a) changes in pasture mineral composition over time; and (b) key pasture mineral concentrations and ratios important to animal health. Perennial and annual pastures with or without lime application were sampled annually over 12 years and analysed for macro- and micro-minerals. Mineral ratios and indices were calculated to assess the potential impact on animal health. Liming increased the concentrations of calcium, sodium and silicon, but decreased the concentrations of micro-nutrients including copper, zinc and manganese. The same trend was found in both annual and perennial pastures although there were some fluctuations between years. Liming increased the calcium:phosphorus ratio and the dietary cation-anion difference but reduced the tetany index on both annual and perennial pastures. These findings suggest a potential benefit to improve animal health outcomes for some disorders on the limed pastures. However, the reduced concentrations of some trace elements following liming potentially decreases antioxidant capacity and requires further research.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Minerals; Trace Elements; Oxides; Calcium, Dietary; Calcium Compounds
PubMed: 38347031
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53908-1