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PloS One 2019This study aimed to determine dental students' visual acuity and neck angulation when using magnification devices and distances from the operating field. Forty students... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
This study aimed to determine dental students' visual acuity and neck angulation when using magnification devices and distances from the operating field. Forty students from each of the second through fifth years of the five-year program at the School of Dentistry of Araraquara were selected (N = 160). Visual acuity was tested using a miniature Snellen eye chart under five different settings (naked eye; simple loupe; Galilean loupe; Keplerian loupe and an operating microscope). Photographs were taken during the visual acuity exam in order to evaluate the angulation of the subjects' necks in a neutral posture. The two-factor analysis of variance and the Games-Howell post-hoc test were performed (α = 0.05). A significant difference in visual acuity and neck angulation was found between the "magnification device" and "distance" factors in each of the graduating classes analyzed (p<0.05). At a standardized distance, the Keplerian loupe (535.93±133.69), the Galilean loupe (514.06±171.56), and the operating microscope (517.71±161.61) all provided greater visual acuity. At a subjectively comfortable distance, the Keplerian (521.35±157.99) and Galilean (515.00±156.32) loupes produced the best visual acuity. The angulation of the neck was greater when the simple loupes (56,59±10,88) and naked eye (56.51±13.55) were used at a subjectively comfortable distance. At both a standardized distance and a comfortable distance, the Galilean and Keplerian magnification systems provided the best visual acuity and the lowest angulation of the operator's neck. At a standardized distance of 30 cm to 40 cm, the operating microscopes produced similar results.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lenses; Male; Microscopy; Pilot Projects; Students, Dental; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30917132
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212793 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2023To establish a recording system with a direct view of the surgeon to supplement video recording under an operating microscope, which lacks information on the movement...
AIM
To establish a recording system with a direct view of the surgeon to supplement video recording under an operating microscope, which lacks information on the movement and position of the surgeon's hands, and to facilitate the reproduction of a skilled surgeon's technique by a surgeon in training.
METHODS
A small camera was attached to the operating microscope with a custom adapter. Microscopic surgeon's view and direct surgeon's view through this new camera were recorded in the surgical recording system. Both movies were synchronized and analyzed how do surgeons handle the instruments.
RESULTS
A small camera attached to the operating microscope allowed the surgeon's hands motion to be recorded without interfering with the surgeon's movements. Different surgeons used different methods to manipulate the ultrasound handpiece and the irrigation/aspiration device. Even in the simple paracentesis procedure, different surgeons used different methods. Surgeons-in-training were able to identify and improve their weaknesses by watching synchronized movies of their hand motions and microscopic view.
CONCLUSION
Simultaneous recording the surgical field out of the operating microscopic view by a small camera set on the microscope is comprehensive and improves surgeons-in-training understanding and learning surgeries.
PubMed: 37724270
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.09.25 -
PloS One 2022Resolution in a confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM) can be improved if the pinhole is closed. But closing the pinhole will deteriorate the signal to noise ratio...
Resolution in a confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM) can be improved if the pinhole is closed. But closing the pinhole will deteriorate the signal to noise ratio (SNR). A simple technique to improve the SNR while keeping the resolution same by upgrading the system to an image scanning microscope. In this paper, we explain in detail, based on an Olympus Fluoview 300 system, how a scanning microscope can be upgraded into an image scanning microscope (ISM) using a simple camera-based detector and an Arduino Due providing a galvo driving and camera synchronization signals. We could confirm a resolution improvement as well as superconcentration and made the interesting observation of a reduced influence of laser fluctuations.
Topics: Microscopy, Confocal; Lasers; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
PubMed: 36574395
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279378 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2018We have developed a new compact lightweight 8K ultra-high-definition (UHD; 7,680×4,320 pixels) camera and started medical application with an ophthalmic surgical...
BACKGROUND
We have developed a new compact lightweight 8K ultra-high-definition (UHD; 7,680×4,320 pixels) camera and started medical application with an ophthalmic surgical microscope which is interchangeable with the conventional high-definition (1,920×1,080 pixels)/4K UHD (3,840×2,160 pixels) microscopic camera.
METHODS
We did a feasibility study to apply our 8K UHD microscope in cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery and vitreous surgery using pig cadaver eyes. The 8K UHD microscope comprises a surgical microscope, a camera adaptor with relay lenses, an 8K UHD camera and an 8K UHD LCD to share the 8K UHD images with all surgical staff in real time.
RESULTS
In ophthalmic surgeries, higher resolution images than conventional microscopic cameras were obtained with 8K UHD LCD equivalent to the observation through the microscopic eye pieces.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this feasibility study, clinical trials on human ophthalmic surgery using the new 8K UHD microscopic camera should be conducted in the near future.
PubMed: 30275678
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S171233 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To compare complete neuroendoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) in primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) and their impacts on the microstructure of...
OBJECTIVE
To compare complete neuroendoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) in primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) and their impacts on the microstructure of the trigeminal nerve.
METHODS
Eighty-seven PTN patients admitted in our hospital from July 2017 to December 2019 were selected for this prospective study and divided into the endoscopic group (n=45) (complete neuroendoscopic MVD) and the microscope group (n=42) (microscopic MVD) according to the treatment method each patient underwent. All the patients underwent MRI scanning, and the fractional anisotropy (FA) scores and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the neurovascular compression (NVC) sites were measured. The operation times, the treatment efficacy, the microstructural changes in the trigeminal nerve, the complications, and the recurrence and mortality rates at one year after the operations were compared.
RESULTS
The endoscopic group observed a superior therapeutic effect compared with the microscope group one year after the surgeries (P=0.046). After the surgeries, the endoscopic group observed a greater increase in their FA values and a larger decline in their ADC values than the microscope group did (P=0.014, 0.015, 0.011, 0.002). The complication rate in the endoscopic group was 11.11%, and the complication rate in the microscopic group was 30.95% (P=0.022). One year after the surgeries, we found a lower recurrence rate in the endoscopic group (P=0.001). The perforator vessels from the offending vessel to the outlet area of the durmedulla, the distances between the front edge of the bone window and the inner surfaces of the petrous part of the temporal bone ≥ the distance between the duration ≥ the duration of conventional MVD were independent risk factors for complications after MVD in the hemifacial spasm patients (P=0.001, 0.037, 0.023, 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Complete neuroendoscopic MV yields better long-term treatment outcomes than microscopic MVD, and it is more effective at improving the microstructure of the trigeminal nerve and has fewer postoperative complications.
PubMed: 34956506
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2021Confocal microscopes can reject out-of-focus and scattered light; however, widefield microscopes are far more common in biological laboratories due to their...
Confocal microscopes can reject out-of-focus and scattered light; however, widefield microscopes are far more common in biological laboratories due to their accessibility and lower cost. We report confocal imaging capacity on a widefield microscope by adding a spatial light modulator (SLM) and utilizing custom illumination and acquisition methods. We discuss our illumination strategy and compare several procedures for postprocessing the acquired image data. We assessed the performance of this system for rejecting out-of-focus light by comparing images taken at 1.4 NA using our widefield microscope, our SLM-enhanced setup, and a commercial confocal microscope. The optical sectioning capability, assessed on thin fluorescent film, was 0.85 ± 0.04 μm for our SLM-enhanced setup and 0.68 ± 0.04 μm for a confocal microscope, while a widefield microscope exhibited no sectioning capability. We demonstrate our setup by imaging the same set of neurons in C. elegans on widefield, SLM, and confocal microscopes. SLM enhancement greatly reduces background from the cell body, allowing visualization of dim fibers nearby. Our SLM-enhanced setup identified 96% of the dim neuronal fibers seen in confocal images while a widefield microscope only identified 50% of the same fibers. Our microscope add-on represents a very simple (2-component) and inexpensive (<$600) approach to enable widefield microscopes to optically section thick samples.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy, Confocal; Neurons
PubMed: 33591984
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244034 -
Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure 2021In a light microscope, image acquisition with different component depths is difficult, and there are various approaches for solving this problem. One of the common...
BACKGROUND
In a light microscope, image acquisition with different component depths is difficult, and there are various approaches for solving this problem. One of the common approaches is Camera Lucida (CL). This method has some disadvantages such as time-consuming, handed problems in painting, causing user boring, and produce gray scale output images.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
In this study, we purposed a novel-combined hardware and software method. In this article, we try to present an automated method for our designed microscope.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We have done a project with designed code number 377,694 to design and implement an upgraded light microscope. That project was about automatic movement of a stage with closed-looped control of a servomotor. Furthermore, automated camera catches images in predefined positions. That project has acceptable results in different parts, which encourage us to work on this study. This study help specialist have good fixative of all components in a sample. It is about trying to have useful Lucida Camera (drawing tube) in an automated scheme.
RESULTS
This method is an acceptable usual way for microscopic specialists, but with some disadvantages. It is time-consuming and boring that effect on the accuracy of results. Hence, how can be good if automated similar method could be implemented is exciting and affective. This studies idea comes from the basis of manual drawing tube (CL) method. In this experimental study, we have taken 400 handed an image of microorganisms. Captured images are from its whole body or various organs. They have been captured in different z-axis positions of stage, and hence components with different depths could be focused. Each patch checked for its edge strength to choose highest resolutions sub image and reconstruct focused image like a puzzle. This process has been continued for all areas to merge and complete reconstructed image as output.
CONCLUSION
Comparing edge strength with other images and mean square error with manual focused on confirm our method with pleasure outcomes. Furthermore, independent focusing of an internal component in a sample body has been surveyed. It helps to have better resolution in internal selected component for more analysis and replace in its primitive image. This article presents efficient consequences with good accuracy and saving time in process period, which could be useful in different microscopes types and various samples type.
PubMed: 35070692
DOI: 10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_25_20 -
Biomedical Optics Express Jan 2022The aberrations induced by the sample and/or by the sample holder limit the resolution of optical microscopes. Wavefront correction can be achieved using a deformable...
The aberrations induced by the sample and/or by the sample holder limit the resolution of optical microscopes. Wavefront correction can be achieved using a deformable mirror with wavefront sensorless optimization algorithms but, despite the complexity of these systems, the level of correction is often limited to a small area in the field of view of the microscope. In this work, we present a plug and play module for aberration measurement and correction. The wavefront correction is performed through direct wavefront reconstruction using the spinning-pupil aberration measurement and controlling a deformable lens in closed loop. The lens corrects the aberrations in the center of the field of view, leaving residual aberrations at the margins, that are removed by anisoplanatic deconvolution. We present experimental results obtained in fluorescence microscopy, with a wide field and a light sheet fluorescence microscope. These results indicate that detection and correction over the full field of view can be achieved with a compact transmissive module placed in the detection path of the fluorescence microscope.
PubMed: 35154869
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.441810 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2019Mueller microscopes enable imaging of the optical anisotropic properties of biological or non-biological samples, in phase and amplitude, at sub-micrometre scale....
Mueller microscopes enable imaging of the optical anisotropic properties of biological or non-biological samples, in phase and amplitude, at sub-micrometre scale. However, the development of Mueller microscopes poses an instrumental challenge: the production of polarimetric parameters must be sufficiently quick to ensure fast imaging, so that the evolution of these parameters can be visualised in real-time, allowing the operator to adjust the microscope while constantly monitoring them. In this report, a full Mueller scanning microscope based on spectral encoding of polarization is presented. The spectrum, collected every 10 μs for each position of the optical beam on the specimen, incorporates all the information needed to produce the full Mueller matrix, which allows simultaneous display of all the polarimetric parameters, at the unequalled rate of 1.5 Hz (for an image of 256 × 256 pixels). The design of the optical blocks allows for the real-time display of linear birefringent images which serve as guidance for the operator. In addition, the instrument has the capability to easily switch its functionality from a Mueller to a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscope, providing a pixel-to-pixel matching of the images produced by the two modalities. The device performance is illustrated by imaging various unstained biological specimens.
PubMed: 30850680
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40467-z -
Optics Express Jul 2022Microscopes are vital pieces of equipment in much of biological research and medical diagnostics. However, access to a microscope can represent a bottleneck in research,...
Microscopes are vital pieces of equipment in much of biological research and medical diagnostics. However, access to a microscope can represent a bottleneck in research, especially in lower-income countries. 'Smart' computer controlled motorized microscopes, which can perform automated routines or acquire images in a range of modalities are even more expensive and inaccessible. Developing low-cost, open-source, smart microscopes enables more researchers to conceive and execute optimized or more complex experiments. Here we present the OpenFlexure Delta Stage, a 3D-printed microscope designed for researchers. Powered by the OpenFlexure software stack, it is capable of performing automated experiments. The design files and assembly instructions are freely available under an open licence. Its intuitive and modular design-along with detailed documentation-allows researchers to implement a variety of imaging modes with ease. The versatility of this microscope is demonstrated by imaging biological and non-biological samples (red blood cells with Plasmodium parasites and colloidal particles in brightfield, epi-fluorescence, darkfield, Rheinberg and differential phase contrast. We present the design strategy and choice of tools to develop devices accessible to researchers from lower-income countries, as well as the advantages of an open-source project in this context. This microscope, having been open-source since its conception, has already been built and tested by researchers around the world, promoting a community of expertise and an environment of reproducibility in science.
Topics: Microscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Software
PubMed: 36236831
DOI: 10.1364/OE.450211