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Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Jul 2023An increased number of clinicians are using magnification to facilitate their vision when carrying out dental examinations and treatments. The best instrument for this... (Review)
Review
An increased number of clinicians are using magnification to facilitate their vision when carrying out dental examinations and treatments. The best instrument for this purpose is the microscope, which has proven to enhance quality, longevity and outcome of clinical work. Its use in some dental specialties (such as endodontics) is now well established, but there is also a role for this equipment in other branches of dentistry. To anticipate the contribution of magnification to dentistry in general, recent research and experimental data on the importance of magnification devices will be considered, from the perspectives of optical issues, diagnosing methods and treatment options. It will be shown that, while the microscope is vital to certain specialties (such as endodontics, periodontics, restorative dentistry and prosthodontics), it has little effect on others (orthodontics, for example). This synthesis of current researchattempts to shed light on the optimal magnification used in certain clinical situations, the distinctive benefits of loupes and microscopes for each dental branch, as well as their drawbacks.
PubMed: 37577013
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2556 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2022Karl Gustav Theodor Simon is considered as the founder of dermatopathology, because for the first time in modern times he beds the bases of the microscopical examination...
Karl Gustav Theodor Simon is considered as the founder of dermatopathology, because for the first time in modern times he beds the bases of the microscopical examination of the cutaneous diseases. He worked in Berlin as a private physician, general practitioner, especially for the poor patients, continuing his research in pathology and focusing on the cutaneous diseases, in which the use of the microscope had a central role. During his medical career, he achieved to be acknowledged as one of the most important figures in the treatment of cutaneous diseases and to be included among the best dermatologists and venerologists at the time worldwide.
PubMed: 36998841
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_559_22 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Oct 2022This article presents a review after an exhaustive search that yielded 23 works carried out in the last decade for the availability of optical microscopes with open... (Review)
Review
This article presents a review after an exhaustive search that yielded 23 works carried out in the last decade for the availability of optical microscopes with open hardware as a low-cost alternative to commercial systems. These works were developed with the aim of covering needs within several areas such as: Bio Sciences research in institutions with limited resources, diagnosis of diseases and health screenings in large populations in developing countries, and training in educational contexts with a need for high availability of equipment and low replacement cost. The analysis of the selected works allows us to classify the analyzed solutions into two main categories, for which their essential characteristics are enumerated: portable field microscopes and multipurpose automated microscopes. Moreover, this work includes a discussion on the degree of maturity of the solutions in terms of the adoption of practices aligned with the development of Open Science. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Concise review on low-cost microscopes for developing Open Science, exposing the role of smartphone-based microscopy. The work classifies microscopes in two main categories: (1) portable field microscopes, and (2) multipurpose automated microscopes.
Topics: Microscopy; Smartphone
PubMed: 35879870
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24200 -
IScience Oct 2023In the imaging process of conventional optical microscopy, the primary factor hindering microscope resolution is the energy diffusion of incident light, most directly... (Review)
Review
In the imaging process of conventional optical microscopy, the primary factor hindering microscope resolution is the energy diffusion of incident light, most directly described by the point spread function (PSF). Therefore, accurate calculation and measurement of PSF are essential for evaluating and enhancing imaging resolution. Currently, there are various methods to obtain PSFs, each with different advantages and disadvantages suitable for different scenarios. To provide a comprehensive analysis of PSF-obtaining methods, this study classifies them into four categories based on different acquisition principles and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, starting from the propagation property of light in optical physics. Finally, two PSF-obtaining methods are proposed based on mathematical modeling and deep learning, demonstrating their effectiveness through experimental results. This study compares and analyzes these results, highlighting the practical applications of image deblurring.
PubMed: 37822495
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107976 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2019An optical microscope enables image-based findings and diagnosis on microscopic targets, which is indispensable in many scientific, industrial and medical settings. A...
An optical microscope enables image-based findings and diagnosis on microscopic targets, which is indispensable in many scientific, industrial and medical settings. A standard benchtop microscope platform, equipped with e.g., bright-field and phase-contrast modes, is of importance and convenience for various users because the wide-field and label-free properties allow for morphological imaging without the need for specific sample preparation. However, these microscopes never have capability of acquiring molecular contrast in a label-free manner. Here, we develop a simple add-on optical unit, comprising of an amplitude-modulated mid-infrared semiconductor laser, that is attached to a standard microscope platform to deliver the additional molecular contrast of the specimen on top of its conventional microscopic image, based on the principle of photothermal effect. We attach this unit, termed molecular-contrast unit, to a standard phase-contrast microscope, and demonstrate high-speed label-free molecular-contrast phase-contrast imaging of silica-polystyrene microbeads mixture and molecular-vibrational spectroscopic imaging of HeLa cells. Our simple molecular-contrast unit can empower existing standard microscopes and deliver a convenient accessibility to the molecular world.
Topics: HeLa Cells; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Light; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Microspheres; Molecular Imaging; Polystyrenes; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 31316091
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46383-6 -
Biomedical Optics Express May 2020Optical microscopes are an essential tool for both the detection of disease in clinics, and for scientific analysis. However, in much of the world access to...
Optical microscopes are an essential tool for both the detection of disease in clinics, and for scientific analysis. However, in much of the world access to high-performance microscopy is limited by both the upfront cost and maintenance cost of the equipment. Here we present an open-source, 3D-printed, and fully-automated laboratory microscope, with motorised sample positioning and focus control. The microscope is highly customisable, with a number of options readily available including trans- and epi- illumination, polarisation contrast imaging, and epi-florescence imaging. The OpenFlexure microscope has been designed to enable low-volume manufacturing and maintenance by local personnel, vastly increasing accessibility. We have produced over 100 microscopes in Tanzania and Kenya for educational, scientific, and clinical applications, demonstrating that local manufacturing can be a viable alternative to international supply chains that can often be costly, slow, and unreliable.
PubMed: 32499936
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.385729 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Nov 2019To compare the results of myringoplasty by using operating microscope (postaural) with that of myringoplasty by using endoscope (permeatal). Our study was conducted in...
To compare the results of myringoplasty by using operating microscope (postaural) with that of myringoplasty by using endoscope (permeatal). Our study was conducted in Department of ENT of in Chirayu Medical College and Hospital. Total 60 patients of age group 18-60 were taken for study having chronic otitis media or trauma with central perforation. Patients were randomly selected microscopic or endoscopic myringoplasty. 30 patients for Microscopic Myringoplasty and 30 patients for endoscopic Myringoplasty were selected. Out of total 60 patients 35 were females and the 25 were males, 27 were in the age group 15-30 and 23 were in age group 31-45 and only 10 in the age group of 46-60. 18-30 age group cohort was predominant. The average time taken for endoscopic myringoplasty was 65.5 ± 3.45 min and for microscopic myringoplasty 85.7 ± 3.42 min. 26 were having Large central perforation (LCP), of which 13 underwent microscopic and 13 underwent endoscopic myringoplasty. The graft was taken up in situ in 22 patients while 4 patients had small residual central perforation. Out of these four residual perforations 3 were done by endoscopy and 1 by microscopy. 19 (of 60) were having Medium size central perforation (MCP), 10 were operated with endoscope and 9 with microscope. 15 (60) were having Small central perforation (SCP), 7 done with endoscope and 8 with microscope. In all patient graft take up was well. Large central perforation present in maximum patient and had least graft uptake as compared to MCP and SCP. Out of the 30 these endoscopic myringoplasty 27 patients had good graft uptake and 3 had small central residual perforation after 3 months. Out of the 30 microscopic myringoplasty 29 patients had good graft uptake and 1 patient had small central residual perforation after 3 months. In our study pre operative and post operative Air Bone Gaps (ABGs) were 22.05 ± 2.04 and 9.05 ± 1.36 db respectively in endoscopic myringoplasty and 21.81 ± 1.85 and 8.55 ± 1.44 db respectively in microscopic myringoplasty. Microscopic myringoplasty has greater success rate in larger perforations that is LCP and MCP and equal result in SCP. Advantage of microscope is depth perception and both hands are free for procedure which is limitation of endoscopic myringoplasty (need to use endoscope holder). Advantage of endoscopic permeatal myringoplasty is superior visualization, least tissue trauma and better cosmetic outcome, almost equal graft uptake and hearing outcome with less operative time. Endoscope system is portable, so convenient for surgeon where microscope is not available. Also endoscope is a less costly armamentarium. Our study shows better result in myringoplasty can be achieved if both methods of surgery are used in combination.
PubMed: 31750166
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1341-4 -
Biomedical Optics Express Aug 2023Traditional miniaturized fluorescence microscopes are critical tools for modern biology. Invariably, they struggle to simultaneously image with a high spatial resolution...
Traditional miniaturized fluorescence microscopes are critical tools for modern biology. Invariably, they struggle to simultaneously image with a high spatial resolution and a large field of view (FOV). Lensless microscopes offer a solution to this limitation. However, real-time visualization of samples is not possible with lensless imaging, as image reconstruction can take minutes to complete. This poses a challenge for usability, as real-time visualization is a crucial feature that assists users in identifying and locating the imaging target. The issue is particularly pronounced in lensless microscopes that operate at close imaging distances. Imaging at close distances requires shift-varying deconvolution to account for the variation of the point spread function (PSF) across the FOV. Here, we present a lensless microscope that achieves real-time image reconstruction by eliminating the use of an iterative reconstruction algorithm. The neural network-based reconstruction method we show here, achieves more than 10000 times increase in reconstruction speed compared to iterative reconstruction. The increased reconstruction speed allows us to visualize the results of our lensless microscope at more than 25 frames per second (fps), while achieving better than 7 µm resolution over a FOV of 10 mm. This ability to reconstruct and visualize samples in real-time empowers a more user-friendly interaction with lensless microscopes. The users are able to use these microscopes much like they currently do with conventional microscopes.
PubMed: 37799697
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.490199 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Pathologists come across various structures in the microscopic sections that are unrelated to the tissues. Artifacts can occur in the tissue from the time the area is...
BACKGROUND
Pathologists come across various structures in the microscopic sections that are unrelated to the tissues. Artifacts can occur in the tissue from the time the area is prepared for biopsy, during fixation, grossing, processing, sectioning and staining of the specimen. Food substances may get entrapped into the oral tissues and can lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to observe the microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles.
METHODS
Fourteen food samples were procured from a local market in Chennai, India. This included guava, chilli, chickpeas, channa dal (split chickpeas), cucumber, brinjal, carrot, capsicum, cabbage and urad dal and brown chickpea. The food samples were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h and were subsequently processed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed, and the sections were observed under the microscope.
RESULTS
Each specimen revealed unique, distinct histology of each food type. Channa dal microscopically in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections revealed round-to-oval structures with central pale eosinophilic lobulation. Capsicum showed round-to-polygonal structures of different shapes and sizes with clear central areas. Urad dal microscopically showed cluster of 5-6 eosinophilic structures separated by regular partitions.
CONCLUSION
It is important to study the microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles to prevent any diagnostic dilemmas. Further studies are required involving various other food particles and their microscopic appearances.
PubMed: 36588857
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_117_21 -
Royal Society Open Science Nov 2021We present the OpenFlexure Microscope software stack which provides computer control of our open source motorised microscope. Our diverse community of users needs both...
We present the OpenFlexure Microscope software stack which provides computer control of our open source motorised microscope. Our diverse community of users needs both graphical and script-based interfaces. We split the control code into client and server applications interfaced via a web API conforming to the W3C Web of Things standard. A graphical interface is viewed either in a web browser or in our cross-platform Electron application, and gives basic interactive control including common operations such as Z stack acquisition and tiled scanning. Automated control is possible from Python and Matlab, or any language that supports HTTP requests. Network control makes the software stack more robust, allows multiple microscopes to be controlled by one computer, and facilitates sharing of equipment. Graphical and script-based clients can run simultaneously, making it easier to monitor ongoing experiments. We have included an extension mechanism to add functionality, for example controlling additional hardware components or adding automation routines. Using a Web of Things approach has resulted in a user-friendly and extremely versatile software control solution for the OpenFlexure Microscope, and we believe this approach could be generalized in the future to make automated experiments involving several instruments much easier to implement.
PubMed: 34804575
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211158