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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2016During recent years the proportion of tinea capitis infections due to Microsporum audouinii has increased in both Belgium and other European countries. To better...
During recent years the proportion of tinea capitis infections due to Microsporum audouinii has increased in both Belgium and other European countries. To better understand the emergence of this species, the Belgian National Reference Centre for dermatophytes launched an epidemiological survey on the main anthropophilic dermatophytes causing tinea capitis in Belgium and included the genomic characterization of M. audouinii isolates. In total, 116 strains of M. audouinii were confirmed and characterized by the DiversiLab(®) system (bioMérieux). Six genotypic variants were identified, among which one major group included 90 isolates and the reference strain. Another variant group (11 strains) was exclusively confined to a geographical region in south Belgium. Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of the infected population showed that the main age category was 5- to 9-year-old children with a sex ratio (male/female) of 1.97. Data concerning the geographic origin of the family revealed a majority of Belgian nationality (44.7%), suggesting that the infection originated in Belgium. Other nationalities were primarily African. At this time, no clear correlation has been established between one particular strain and a specific country of origin.
Topics: Adolescent; Belgium; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Dermatomycoses; Female; Genes, Fungal; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microsporum; Molecular Typing; Population Surveillance; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult
PubMed: 26686810
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.012 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Aug 2022Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and epidemiological factors of dermatophyte infections in Tehran, Iran.
METHODS
A total of 1530 patients clinically suspected of cutaneous fungal infections were examined in two hospitals over a period of 10 years (2010-2020). Samples were analyzed using direct microscopic examination and culture. Data regarding age, gender, and clinical manifestations were also recorded.
RESULTS
Out of 1530 cases examined, dermatophytes were detected in 493 (32.2%) patients. Of these patients, 288 (58.4%) were males and 205 (41.6%) were females. The most affected age group was the 25-44 years old (31.6%). Tinea corporis (n=134) was the most prevalent type of ringworm, followed by tinea cruris (n=131), tinea pedis (n=90), tinea manuum (n=65), tinea unguium (n=29), tinea faciei (n=20), tinea capitis (n=18), and tinea barbae (n=2). Both tinea cruris (<0.001) and tinea pedis (=0.002) had a significant association with male gender. As for etiological agents, (29.0%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by T (25.8%), (25.3%), (6.9%), (4.9%), (4.5%), (2.0%), and (1.6%).
CONCLUSION
Dermatophytes are still the prevailing causes of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails in Iran. Further studies with larger samples sizes and inclusion of diverse locations would yield more accurate results.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Tinea Pedis; Retrospective Studies; Tinea cruris; Iran; Tinea
PubMed: 37543872
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.82 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2018Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of fungus.
AIM
The aim of the study was to investigate the most prevalent fungal species causing tinea capitis in children from Egypt and the most useful antifungal agent for treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 100 patients diagnosed clinically with tinea capitis were included in the study. Samples were collected and sent to the microbiology and immunology laboratory for sample processing and fungal identification by routine laboratory techniques. A study of antifungal susceptibility to chosen antifungal medications (fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, amphotericin, caspofungin, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin) was done by minimum inhibitory concentration technique.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed that is the most commonly isolated strain. Amphotericin was the most effective antifungal agent followed by terbinafine. The most sensitive strain to fluconazole and griseofulvin is , while was mostly responsive to terbinafine.
CONCLUSION
Identification and evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of the pathogenic species in a certain geographic region is important to achieve a good clinical response.
PubMed: 29692458
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_519_17 -
Therapeutic Advances in Infectious... 2021A 9-year-old girl presented a large inflammatory cup-shaped scalp lesion with alopecia surrounded by pustules, dander, and suppuration associated with an occipital...
A 9-year-old girl presented a large inflammatory cup-shaped scalp lesion with alopecia surrounded by pustules, dander, and suppuration associated with an occipital inflammatory lymphadenopathy for 1 month. Wood's light exam was positive as well as KOH mount showing ectothrix type hair involvement. Hair and pus culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) added with chloramphenicol and supplemented with cycloheximide isolated a dermatophyte species identified as according to the colonies features. Species identification was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the patient was treated for kerion celsi with terbinafine tablets 125 mg per day associated with a ketoconazole-based shampoo. The evolution was favorable, with hair regrowth after 2 months.
PubMed: 34123381
DOI: 10.1177/20499361211020879 -
Central European Journal of Public... Dec 2018A three-year retrospective study of fungi isolated from samples of patients with suspected fungal skin infections in Eastern Slovakia is presented.
OBJECTIVE
A three-year retrospective study of fungi isolated from samples of patients with suspected fungal skin infections in Eastern Slovakia is presented.
METHODS
A total of 11,989 samples were collected and investigated with direct microscopic examination using 20% KOH and cultivated in Sabouraud and Mycosel medium. Identification was based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
RESULTS
Of the total samples, 61.76% (7,405/11,989) were completely negative and 38.24% positive (4,584/11,989). Dermatophytes accounted for 45.88% of isolates (2,103/4,584), yeasts for 26.79% (1,228/4,584), non-dermatophytes for 15.29% (701/4,584), and Malassezia sp. for 12.4% (552/4,584). Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent causative agent (79.08%) implicated in fungal skin infections, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale (10.60%). Less frequent isolates included Trichophyton tonsurans (5.13%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (3.14%). Other dermatophytes (Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Epidermophyton floccosum) were very rarely identified (each in less than 1% of all samples). The main clinical form of dermatophytosis in the sample was tinea unguium (42.61%), followed by tinea pedis (30.86%), tinea inguinalis (11.65%), tinea corporis (8.04%), and tinea manus (4.76%). Tinea capitis et faciei (2.08%) was more common among children and adolescents.
CONCLUSION
The assessment of data has showed the predominance of tinea unguium among adult patients, tinea capitis et faciei among children, and the prevalent aetiological role of Trichophyton rubrum in fungal skin infections; findings that are in agreement with recent European studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Retrospective Studies; Sex Distribution; Slovakia; Tinea; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 30817878
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5279 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2017The present investigation reports the synthesis of a phenylalanine-rich -methylated cyclopeptide, cordyheptapeptide A (), previously isolated from the insect pathogenic...
The present investigation reports the synthesis of a phenylalanine-rich -methylated cyclopeptide, cordyheptapeptide A (), previously isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus sp. BCC 1788, accomplished through the coupling of -methylated tetrapeptide and tripeptide fragments followed by cyclization of the linear heptapeptide unit. Structure elucidation of the newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide was performed by means of FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, C-NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS), and screened for its antibacterial, antidermatophytic, and cytotoxic potential. According to the antimicrobial activity results, the newly synthesized -Methylated cyclopeptide exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and and antifungal activity against dermatophytes and at a concentration of 6 μg/mL, in comparison to the reference drugs, gatifloxacin and griseofulvin. In addition, cyclopolypeptide displayed suitable levels of cytotoxicity against (DLA) and (EAC) cell lines.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Fluoroquinolones; Gatifloxacin; Griseofulvin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides, Cyclic; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 28554994
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060682 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Sep 2021
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Griseofulvin; Humans; Microsporum; Sweden; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 34436619
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3909 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2021This work is development of new molecules of isoniazid derivatives as dealing with potential of antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens causing infectious...
BACKGROUND
This work is development of new molecules of isoniazid derivatives as dealing with potential of antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens causing infectious disease. Antimicrobial of novel Mannich base derivatives can be achieved via one-pot synthesis in green chemistry approach. This method offers efficient, mild reaction conditions and high yields. In this study, totally 12 compounds (1a-l) was prepared and screened for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Newly synthesised compounds were conformed via FT- IR, H, and C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and mass spectra analysis. All compounds were checked antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. All compounds were checked against antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, and Microsporum audouinii. All compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) cancer cell line.
RESULT
The compound 1g was highly (MIC: 0.25 μg/mL) active against gram-negative bacterial of P. aeruginosa, whereas other compounds 1e and 1h were more active (MIC: 2 μg/mL) in K. pneumoniae and also 1g (MIC: 2 μg/mL) was more active in E. faecalis than standard ciprofloxacin. Antifungal screening, the compound 1b was highly active (MIC: 0.25 μg/mL) against C. albicance,1g (MIC: 2 μg/mL) and 1h (MIC: 4 μg/mL) was significant of active against A. fumigatus, and the compound 1c (MIC: 4 μg/mL) was extremely active in M. audouinii than clotrimazole. Compound 1g (GI = 0.01 μM) exhibited high activity against the MCF-7 cell line, while 1b (GI = 0.02 μM) was equipotent active compared with standard doxorubicin.
CONCLUSION
A novel set of isoniazid derivatives (1a-l) and 1h were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. We found some highly active molecules, which are evidencing to be a potential treatment of bacterial and fungal infection candidates.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Communicable Diseases; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Isoniazid; Menthol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microsporum; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33744741
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.033 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2015Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans....
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. Conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic dermatophytes which cause dermatophytosis in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia and to identify these fungi by using conventional and molecular methods.
METHODS
The study was conducted in Medical Complex, Riyadh and King Saud University. Samples of infected skin, hairs and nails were collected from 112 patients. Diagnosis of skin infections, direct microscopic test, isolation and identification of dermatophytes by conventional and molecular methods were carried out.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the tinea capitis infection had the highest prevalence among the patients (22.3%) while Tinea barbae had the lowest. In this study the identified dermatophyte isolates belong to nine species as Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton concentricum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii and Epidermophyton floccosum which cause skin infections were isolated during this study. Non dermatophyte isolates included 5 isolates from Aspergillus spp. 4 isolates from Acremonium potronii and 15 isolates from Candida spp. M. canis were the most common species (25% of isolated dermatophytes). Out of the 52 dermatophyte isolates identified by conventional methods, there were 45 isolates identified by the molecular method.
CONCLUSIONS
The results concluded that approximately M. canis caused a quarter of dermatophyte cases, tinea capitis infection was prevalent and the molecular method was more accurate than conventional methods.
PubMed: 26288566
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.006 -
IDCases 2023Ringworms of the scalp are very commons in Mauritania and among them; inflammatory ringworms are representing very rare forms. We present the case of a severe...
INTRODUCTION
Ringworms of the scalp are very commons in Mauritania and among them; inflammatory ringworms are representing very rare forms. We present the case of a severe inflammatory ringworm caused by an anthropophilic dermatophyte, .
OBSERVATION
This is an 8-years-old girl with ulcerative lesions on the scalp without adenopathy, without fever and in a good general condition. Direct examination of the mycological sample of hair and scales showed the presence of ecto-trix spores. Culture in SCA media allowed the identification of . The establishment of an antifungal treatment orally and a local antiseptic allowed to have a clinical and mycological remission after 30 days.
CONCLUSION
Microsporum audouinii is most often responsible for very soft trichophytia, but under certain conditions, it can cause inflammatory ringworm.
PubMed: 37122595
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01766