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Medical Mycology Journal 2019In a 2012-2014 epidemiological study of feline and canine dermatophytoses in Japan, we investigated the prevalence of fungi among 296 cats and 170 dogs treated at a... (Review)
Review
In a 2012-2014 epidemiological study of feline and canine dermatophytoses in Japan, we investigated the prevalence of fungi among 296 cats and 170 dogs treated at a veterinary clinic and 51 cats and dogs at an animal shelter at Fukui City in Japan. Microsporum canis was isolated from only one cat out of the 517 animals. Also, from 2012 to 2017, we analyzed isolates from 76 cats and 15 dogs with dermatophytoses at 14 veterinary clinics across 10 prefectures in Honshu and Shikoku. M. canis was the cause for 85 of the cases and Microsporum gypseum for the other six. M. canis infection routes in cats are thought to include stray cats as well as breeding facilities and pet shops, whereas for dogs, only breeding facilities and pet shops. Tinea was found in 18.7% (14/75) of the owners of these animals. We showed that microsatellite genotyping is useful for molecular epidemiological investigations such as determination of infection routes of M. canis.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Disease Reservoirs; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Japan; Microsporum; Prevalence; Time Factors; Tinea
PubMed: 31155570
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022causes dermatomycoses in giant pandas (). This study aimed to investigate the immune response of following deep infection. The degree of damage to the heart, liver,...
causes dermatomycoses in giant pandas (). This study aimed to investigate the immune response of following deep infection. The degree of damage to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys was evaluated using tissue fungal load, organ index, and histopathological methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the mRNA expression of receptors and cytokines in the lung, and immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, were used to assess immune cells in the lung. The results indicated that conidia mainly colonized the lungs and caused serious injury with infection. Furthermore, dectin-1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 played a role in recognizing cells. Numerous inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23), were activated in the early stages of infection. With the high expression of IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-17F, the Th17 pathway exerted an adaptive immune response to infection. These results can potentially aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by in giant pandas.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cytokines; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-6; Microsporum; RNA, Messenger; Th17 Cells; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ursidae
PubMed: 36233337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912037 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Apr 2020The goal of this retrospective case series was to report on the clinical aspects of confirmed species and infections in cats from three animal shelters.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this retrospective case series was to report on the clinical aspects of confirmed species and infections in cats from three animal shelters.
METHODS
This was an observational retrospective study. Fungal culture and treatment data from three animal shelters was retrospectively reviewed to identify cats with dermatophytosis caused by species or
RESULTS
Among the three shelters only four cats were diagnosed with dermatophytosis. With respect to species infections, there were six cases identified and treated in a 1 year period in one shelter, 13 cases over 13 years in the second shelter and 27 cases over 5 years in the third shelter. Four cases of dermatophytosis were treated in the third shelter. Young cats were most commonly infected and the disease was most commonly diagnosed in the fall and winter months. Lesions were inflammatory and found predominantly on the head and neck. There was a rapid response to treatment in all cases; mean (n = 20) and median (n = 17) days to mycological cure were calculated from available data. Fungal culture data revealed fomite carriage without clinical evidence of infection for species (n = 43) cats and (n = 37) cats.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
There is a paucity of clinical information about non- dermatophytosis in shelter cats. This study data shows that species and infections do occur but are uncommon. Based upon the rapid response to conventional treatment, these infections do not represent a treatment challenge, as most cats reached mycological cure within 3 weeks.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Fomites; Retrospective Studies; Tinea; Trichophyton
PubMed: 31070544
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X19846987 -
Infectious Diseases 2020L'Hér. is a native plant of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar which is traditionally used for various ailments. Concerned with the scope of the available evidence, we... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
L'Hér. is a native plant of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar which is traditionally used for various ailments. Concerned with the scope of the available evidence, we designed a scoping review to critically analyze scientific evidence on 's pharmacology, toxicity, and phytochemistry to validate its ethnomedical use.
METHODS
We searched without language restriction in MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science through December 2019. Both published and unpublished articles were assessed for relevance and reviewed.
RESULTS
Of 600 articles retrieved through database search, a total of 48 articles were finally included. The butanol extract of berries was more potent molluscicidal than aqueous extract. The berries had also miracidial, anthelmintic, antifungal activity, and antibacterial effect against , and spp. The methanol extracts of roots had an antifungal against , and was toxic to aquatic invertebrate and fish. The fishes were up to 4 times more sensitive than snails. Saponins were the main phytoconstituent isolated from berries. Terpenoid and phenolic were abundant in leaves and bark extracts.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies validated the traditional use of against snails, worms, and various bacterial and fungal infections. Limited phytochemical data call for future research to focus on isolation of compounds; test their toxicity and activity; and establish mechanism of action.
PubMed: 32782430
DOI: 10.1177/1178633720943509 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... 2016Dermatophytes are classified in three genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. They have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue to produce a cutaneous...
Dermatophytes are classified in three genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. They have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue to produce a cutaneous infection known as dermatophytoses. This investigation was performed to study the effect of gaseous ozone and ozonized oil on three specific properties of six different dermatophytes. These properties included sporulation, mycelia leakage of sugar and nutrients and the activity of their hydrolytic enzymes. Generally, ozonized oil was found to be more efficacious than gaseous ozone. Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis were the most susceptible, while Trichophyton interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes were relatively resistant. The study revealed a steady decline in spore production of M. gypseum and M. canis on application of ozonated oil. An increase in leakage of electrolytes and sugar was noticed after treatment with ozonized oil in the case of M. gypseum, M. canis, T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The results also revealed loss in urease, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase and keratinase enzyme producing capacity of the investigated fungi.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Electrolytes; Enzyme Activation; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Mycelium; Ozone; Permeability; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 27287337
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.014 -
Cureus Dec 2023Background and purpose The complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in...
Background and purpose The complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in humans. With some regional and occupational variations, tinea corporis is the most prevalent presentation of the infection. The aim of this study was to report on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis cases among related families, and their pets, from southern Saudi Arabia. Up-to-date information on dermatophytes and dermatophytosis is needed. Methods This is a prospective case series undertaken at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Six patients with suspected dermatophytosis were received at our hospital in 2022 and have been followed for recovery with or without scars. Characteristics of fungal pathogens were examined phenotypically on the basis of microscopic and growth characteristics, and laboratory data were used to initiate treatment with oral fluconazole, topical terbinafine cream, or oral itraconazole. Results Clinical features and culture results confirmed tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by , which was also present in a pet cat. Tinea capitis cases (n = 4) did not respond to fluconazole and terbinafine treatment, but treatment with itraconazole resulted in a full recovery. Tinea corporis cases (n = 2) were treated with terbinafine, which resulted in a full recovery within four weeks, with no signs of scarring. Conclusions presents with serious persistent lesions and is extremely contagious. Treatment is durable but challenging, and breaking the transmission chain is more difficult.
PubMed: 38292972
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51402 -
Biomedical Optics Express Jun 2018We propose to use a single fungus endogenous fluorescence spectrometry base on a hyperspectral fluorescence microscope for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Dermatophyte...
We propose to use a single fungus endogenous fluorescence spectrometry base on a hyperspectral fluorescence microscope for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Dermatophyte samples, including were imaged, and the endogenous fluorescence spectrum of a single fungus was calculated. High contrast fluorescence images and endogenous fluorescence spectrum of the single fungus were used to identify the type of dermatophyte. Morphologically similar and can be distinguished using an endogenous fluorescence spectrum of the single fungus. Meanwhile, our result showed that the sensitivity and specificity of identifying were 95% and 93%, and the sensitivity and specificity of identifying were 94% and 93%.
PubMed: 30258686
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.9.002733 -
Veterinary World Sep 2015The ringworms of pet dogs, cats, and stray animals (dogs, cats, and other animals) could be a potential source of zoonotic infections causing a serious public health...
AIM
The ringworms of pet dogs, cats, and stray animals (dogs, cats, and other animals) could be a potential source of zoonotic infections causing a serious public health problem in the busy city Kolkata. The pet owners are more susceptible to get this infection from their pets, because of the close contact with them as dermatophytosis is very much prevalent in those pets. So, this study was aimed to check the prevalence of dermatophytosis in dogs, cats, and in pet owners.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 362 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis from dogs (123 in number), cats (202 in number), and human beings (37 in number) were collected and studied from in and around Kolkata to detect the presence of significant dermatophytes. Direct microscopy and cultural examination of the isolates were performed following standard methodology. Identification and characterization of the isolates were done by different biochemical tests.
RESULTS
Samples (n=285) having significant dermatophytic fungal infections were found to be of highest number in cats (158, 55.5%) than in dogs (108, 37.8%) and humans (19, 6.7%), respectively. The incidence of Microsporum canis (60.0%) was the highest from affecting dogs, cats, and human beings in comparison to Microsporum gypseum (22.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (15.8%) and Trichophyton rubrum (1.7%). Detection of T. rubrum was only from human cases in this study, whereas the presence of rest three were slightly higher in cats than that of the dogs and humans in this present study. The incidences were higher in young animals and in humans of the age group of 21-30 years, during the rainy season (from April to August) and also in in-contact human beings.
CONCLUSION
M. canis was the most commonly pathogen among all causing dermatophytosis in animals and also in the pet owners. M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes were other pathogens associated with these infections. These infections were more prevalent in the rainy seasons and in in-contact human patients or pet owners.
PubMed: 27047202
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1078-1082 -
Natural Products and Bioprospecting Aug 2022A new seco-anthraquinone, crispuside A (1), and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, napthalenones A-C (2-4), were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,...
A new seco-anthraquinone, crispuside A (1), and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, napthalenones A-C (2-4), were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L., along with 10 known anthraquinones (6-14) and naphthalenone (5). Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including ECD, and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5, whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time. The isolates 1, 6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi, e.g., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum. Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity. Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E. floccosum (MIC = 2.467 ± 0.03 μM) and M. gypseum (MIC = 4.673 ± 0.077 μM), while the MIC values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287 ± 0.012 and 0.077 ± 0.00258 μM, respectively. The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl, C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.
PubMed: 35918556
DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00350-3 -
Current Medical Mycology Mar 2023Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the need for alternative medicine with higher efficiency and lower side effects. In the present study, the antifungal activities of different concentrations of methanol extract against , , and were assessed and their efficacy was evaluated in rat dermatophytosis models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The broth microdilution and well diffusion methods were used to determine the antidermatophytic activity. The study was carried out using 40 dermatophytosis-infected adults male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups (5% and 10% ointment, terbinafine, and Vaseline) and treated with ointment until complete recovery. The percentage of wound closure was calculated for each group.
RESULTS
The results revealed that methanol extract was effective to varying extents against the tested dermatophytes. The highest inhibitory activity of was found against with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 4 and 9 µg mL, respectively. The experiment revealed that 10% ointment significantly accelerated skin lesions reduction and completely cured , , and infections after 19, 25, and 38 days, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The methanol extract of exhibited significant antifungal activity and , suggesting that it could be used as an alternative to antidermatophytic therapy in a dose-dependent manner.
PubMed: 37867595
DOI: 10.18502/CMM.2023.150672