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Cancer Biology & Medicine Nov 2022Understanding the racial specificities of diseases-such as adult diffuse glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system-is a critical step... (Review)
Review
Understanding the racial specificities of diseases-such as adult diffuse glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system-is a critical step toward precision medicine. Here, we comprehensively review studies of gliomas in East Asian populations and other ancestry groups to clarify the racial differences in terms of epidemiology and genomic characteristics. Overall, we observed a lower glioma incidence in East Asians than in Whites; notably, patients with glioblastoma had significantly younger ages of onset and longer overall survival than the Whites. Multiple genome-wide association studies of various cohorts have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with overall and subtype-specific glioma susceptibility. Notably, only 3 risk loci-5p15.33, 11q23.3, and 20q13.33-were shared between patients with East Asian and White ancestry, whereas other loci predominated only in particular populations. For instance, risk loci 12p11.23, 15q15-21.1, and 19p13.12 were reported in East Asians, whereas risk loci 8q24.21, 1p31.3, and 1q32.1 were reported in studies in White patients. Although the somatic mutational profiles of gliomas between East Asians and non-East Asians were broadly consistent, a lower incidence of amplification in glioblastoma and a higher incidence of 1p19q-- triple-negative low-grade glioma were observed in East Asian cohorts. By summarizing large-scale disease surveillance, germline, and somatic genomic studies, this review reveals the unique characteristics of adult diffuse glioma among East Asians, to guide clinical management and policy design focused on patients with East Asian ancestry.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Glioblastoma; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glioma; Asian People; Mutation
PubMed: 36350002
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0418 -
Brain Research Bulletin Feb 2022Glioma is a common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Currently,...
Glioma is a common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Currently, miRNAs are considered to be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Previously, we screened three differentially expressed miRNAs from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database which included miRNA-338-3p. miRNA-338-3p is involved in tumor development in different cancers. However, in glioma, its function and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. We found that overexpression of miRNA-338-3p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of glioma in vitro. Myelin transcription factor 1-like (MYT1L) was found to be a direct target of miRNA-383-3p in glioma cells as the expression of MYT1L was inhibited by overexpressing miRNA-338-3p. Additionally, silencing MYT1L produced similar effects as overexpressing miRNA-338-3p in glioma cells. Overexpression of MYT1L also completely attenuated the inhibitory effect induced by miRNA-338-3p overexpression. These results suggest that the miRNA-338-3p/ MYT1L axis plays a critical role in the progression of glioma. Our study delineates one of the complex molecular mechanisms that drive the growth of glioma and may be useful in finding novel prognostic predictors and treatment targets in glioma. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glioma; Humans; MicroRNAs; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 34848272
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.016 -
Molecular Cancer Feb 2018Glioma is one of the most prevalent types of primary intracranial carcinoma with varying malignancy grades I-IV and histological subtypes, including astrocytomas,... (Review)
Review
Glioma is one of the most prevalent types of primary intracranial carcinoma with varying malignancy grades I-IV and histological subtypes, including astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM), oligodendrogliomas and mixed tumors. Glioma is characterized by rapid cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and the WHO grade IV glioblastoma, which is highly malignant with poor prognosis because GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) are resistant to conventional therapy and easily recrudescent, accounts for the majority of gliomas. Consequently, investigations exploring the accurate molecular mechanisms and reliable therapeutic targets for gliomas have drawn extensive attention.Based on the increasing amount of functional lncRNAs aberrantly expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines, lncRNAs might be critical for glioma initiation, progression and other malignant phenotypes. This review summarizes the latest insights into the lncRNA field and their functional roles in glioma, therefore evaluating the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as prospective novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Therapy; Glioma; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Phenotype; Prognosis; RNA Transport; RNA, Long Noncoding; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29458374
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0812-2 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Mar 2024The specific genetic subtypes that gliomas exhibit result in variable clinical courses and the need to involve multidisciplinary teams of neurologists, epileptologists,... (Review)
Review
The specific genetic subtypes that gliomas exhibit result in variable clinical courses and the need to involve multidisciplinary teams of neurologists, epileptologists, neurooncologists and neurosurgeons. Currently, the diagnosis of gliomas pivots mainly around the preliminary radiological findings and the subsequent definitive surgical diagnosis (via surgical sampling). Radiomics and radiogenomics present a potential to precisely diagnose and predict survival and treatment responses, via morphological, textural, and functional features derived from MRI data, as well as genomic data. In spite of their advantages, it is still lacking standardized processes of feature extraction and analysis methodology among different research groups, which have made external validations infeasible. Radiomics and radiogenomics can be used to better understand the genomic basis of gliomas, such as tumor spatial heterogeneity, treatment response, molecular classifications and tumor microenvironment immune infiltration. These novel techniques have also been used to predict histological features, grade or even overall survival in gliomas. In this review, workflows of radiomics and radiogenomics are elucidated, with recent research on machine learning or artificial intelligence in glioma.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Radiomics; Glioma; Machine Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38486342
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00682-y -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2020We investigated the association between the consumption of fresh and processed fish and glioma risk using a meta-analysis approach. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the association between the consumption of fresh and processed fish and glioma risk using a meta-analysis approach.
METHODS
We selected and analyzed observational studies that discussed the relationships between fresh and processed fish intake on glioma risk from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the SinoMed and Wanfang databases from inception to 31 March 2020. Studies were selected according to pre-established eligibility criteria and data were extracted separately by two researchers. A meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effects model to provide pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Eight studies considered the relationship between fish intake (seven fresh and seven processed fish) and glioma risk and were included in this meta-analysis. The OR effect size for fresh fish intake and glioma risk was 0.72 (95%CI 0.53-0.97) and the overall OR effect size for processed fish intake and glioma risk was 1.88 (95%CI 1.06-3.34).
CONCLUSION
Dietary intake of fresh fish may reduce the risk of glioma, but consumption of processed fish may increase the risk of glioma. This study had some limitations, and further studies are therefore required to clarify the associations between fish intake and glioma risk.
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Glioma; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32840400
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520939695 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aug 2017Brain neoplasms constitute a group of tumors with discrete differentiation grades, and therefore, course of disease and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)... (Review)
Review
Brain neoplasms constitute a group of tumors with discrete differentiation grades, and therefore, course of disease and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard method for the investigation of central nervous system tumors. However, MRI suffers certain limitations, especially if radiation therapy or chemotherapy has been previously applied. On the other hand, given the development of newer radiopharmaceuticals, positron emission tomography (PET) aims to a better investigation of brain tumors, assisting in the clinical management of the patients. In the present review, the potential contribution of radiolabeled fluorothymidine (FLT) imaging for the evaluation of brain tumors will be discussed. In particular, we will present the role of FLT-PET imaging in the depiction of well and poorly differentiated lesions, the assessment of patient prognosis and treatment response, and the recognition of disease recurrence. Moreover, related semi-quantitative and kinetic parameters will be discussed.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Dideoxynucleosides; Glioma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Positron-Emission Tomography; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28612247
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1183-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021Glioma originates in the central nervous system and is classified based on both histological features and molecular genetic characteristics. Long non-coding RNAs... (Review)
Review
Glioma originates in the central nervous system and is classified based on both histological features and molecular genetic characteristics. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides and are known to regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and even confer therapeutic resistance to glioma cells. Since oncogenic lncRNAs have been frequently upregulated to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma cells, while tumor-suppressive lncRNAs responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis and decrease in therapeutic sensitivity in glioma cells have been generally downregulated, the dysregulation of lncRNAs affects many features of glioma patients, and the expression profiles associated with these lncRNAs are needed to diagnose the disease stage and to determine suitable therapeutic strategies. Accumulating studies show that the orchestrations of oncogenic lncRNAs and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs in glioma cells result in signaling pathways that influence the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Furthermore, several lncRNAs are related to the regulation of therapeutic sensitivity in existing anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Consequently, we undertook this review to improve the understanding of signaling pathways influenced by lncRNAs in glioma and how lncRNAs affect therapeutic resistance.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glioma; Humans; RNA Interference; RNA, Long Noncoding; Radiation Tolerance; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34202078
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136834 -
Neuro-oncology Oct 2014Over the past 20 years, very few agents have been approved for the treatment of brain tumors. Recent studies have highlighted some of the challenges in assessing... (Review)
Review
Over the past 20 years, very few agents have been approved for the treatment of brain tumors. Recent studies have highlighted some of the challenges in assessing activity in novel agents for the treatment of brain tumors. This paper reviews some of the key challenges related to assessment of tumor response to therapy in adult high-grade gliomas and discusses the strengths and limitations of imaging-based endpoints. Although overall survival is considered the "gold standard" endpoint in the field of oncology, progression-free survival and response rate are endpoints that hold great value in neuro-oncology. Particular focus is given to advancements made since the January 2006 Brain Tumor Endpoints Workshop, including the development of Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria, the value of T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, use of objective response rates and progression-free survival in clinical trials, and the evaluation of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, and inflammatory response in radiographic images.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
PubMed: 25313235
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou224 -
Annals of Medicine 2023Adult glioma progresses rapidly and has a poor clinical outcome. The focal adhesion protein Kindlin-3 (encoded by the gene) participates in tumor development, drug...
BACKGROUND
Adult glioma progresses rapidly and has a poor clinical outcome. The focal adhesion protein Kindlin-3 (encoded by the gene) participates in tumor development, drug resistance, and progression. However, the relationship between Kindlin-3 and glioma prognosis or immune microenvironment is poorly understood.
METHODS
We comprehensively analyzed the expression, prognostic value, mutation landscape, functional enrichment, immune infiltration, and therapeutic role of in glioma using multiple datasets and validated Kindlin-3 expression in clinical tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS
is an independent predictor of glioma prognosis and is highly expressed in glioblastoma tissues. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that participates in multiple immune-related pathways such as immune response and cytokine production. Furthermore, expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of several immune cells, immune scores, and the expression of genes related to immune checkpoints. Further analyses revealed that overexpression of was linked to a better response to anti-PD1 therapy. Data from single-cell RNA-seq reveal that was largely expressed in microglial cells and tissue-resident macrophages. Multiple immunofluorescence staining confirmed the overexpression of Kindlin-3 in the glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study provide a new perspective on the role of Kindlin-3 in glioma and may have a significant impact on the discovery of novel biomarkers and targeting of GAMs in the future.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prognosis; Glioma; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37795794
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2264325 -
Journal For Immunotherapy of Cancer Dec 2022Oncolytic viruses constitute a growing field of interest, both in human and veterinary oncology, given that they are particularly helpful for treating non-surgical...
BACKGROUND
Oncolytic viruses constitute a growing field of interest, both in human and veterinary oncology, given that they are particularly helpful for treating non-surgical tumors and disseminated cancer, such as high-grade gliomas. Companion dogs present malignant gliomas with biological, genetic, phenotypic, immunological, and clinical similarities to human gliomas. These features favor comparative approaches, leading to the treatment of canine oncological patients to achieve translational applications to the human clinic. The systemic administration of oncolytic viruses presents a challenge due to their limitations in effectively targeting tumors and metastases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of a virotherapy used in spontaneous canine tumors.
METHODS
Ten dogs with high-grade rostrotentorial gliomas underwent weekly systemic endovenous cellular virotherapy with dCelyvir (canine mesenchymal stem cells infected with the canine oncolytic adenovirus ICOCAV17) for 8 weeks. Efficacy was determined in seven dogs according to the Response Assessment in Veterinary Neuro-Oncology criteria considering clinical status and MRI measurements. Medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and vaccination status were evaluated prior to and during follow-up. Safety was evaluated by physical examinations and hematological and biochemical changes in peripheral blood. Immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and by gene expression and immunohistochemistry in the tumor microenvironment.
RESULTS
The treatment was well tolerated and major adverse effects were not observed. Two dogs had partial responses (76% and 86% reduction in tumor size), and 3/7 showed stable disease. ICOCAV17 was detected in peripheral blood in nine dogs, and a correlation between the ICOCAV17 particles and anti-canine adenovirus (CAV) antibodies was observed. ICOCAV17 was detected in 3/9 tumor tissues after necropsies. Regarding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the dogs with disease stabilization and partial response tended to have reduced memory B-cell infiltration and increased monocyte/macrophage lineage cells.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that dCelyvir is safe and presents efficacy in canine rostrotentorial high-grade gliomas. These data are relevant to the ongoing phase Ib regulated human clinical trial that is administering this virotherapy to children, adolescents, and young adults with diffuse pontine glioma. Celyvir should be further explored as a treatment in veterinary and human neuro-oncology.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Glioma; Medical Oncology; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36600663
DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005669