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Aging & Mental Health Feb 2022It is increasingly recommended that hypothesis-generating studies be conducted after initial RCTs in order to identify moderators of differential treatment efficacy on...
It is increasingly recommended that hypothesis-generating studies be conducted after initial RCTs in order to identify moderators of differential treatment efficacy on individual outcomes. Such analyses are important because they help clarify the best inclusion and exclusion criteria or choice of stratification for maximizing power in subsequent RCTs, reduce the chances of discarding interventions that may appear to lack efficacy when only average treatment effects are taken into consideration, and facilitate the matching of individual clients to treatment alternatives. We identified predictors and moderators of treatment-related change in psychological distress among custodial grandmothers ( = 343) assigned within a prior RCT to behavior parent training (BPT), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), or information only control (IOC) conditions. Latent change scores in psychological distress were estimated for each grandmother across pre-test to post-test and pre-test to six months, as indicated by self-reported and clinical ratings of depression and anxiety symptoms. These estimates served as outcomes in classification and regression tree analyses conducted separately within the CBT and BPT conditions to identify predictors of treatment efficacy. Matched groups based upon identified predictors were then formed across all RCT conditions, and Predictor × RCT Condition interactions were computed to test for moderation of differential treatment efficacy. Grandmother age was the only predictor and moderator of BPT efficacy at both measurement points, whereas multifaceted predictors and moderators emerged for CBT which varied by time since treatment.
Topics: Anxiety; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Grandparents; Humans; Psychological Distress; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33393377
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1857688 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023This study explored the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and resilience in emerging adulthood during the final two months of the pandemic. It aimed to examine...
This study explored the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and resilience in emerging adulthood during the final two months of the pandemic. It aimed to examine whether mental health symptoms moderated this relationship. In total, 205 university students completed an online questionnaire survey. Regression analysis was used to examine the prediction of resilience by pandemic-related impacts, and moderation analysis was used to explore the potential moderating effect of mental health on the relationship between impacts and resilience. The findings failed to confirm the hypothesis that total COVID-19 impacts would predict resilience. Rather, resource-type impacts predicted resilience [ = 0.17, < 0.5]. Significant partial correlations found among resource, financial, and psychological impacts may go some way toward clarifying connections between impacts and resilience [for resource-type impact with financial-type impact, = 0.48, < 0.01; for resource-type impact with psychological impact, = 0.22, < 0.01]. The results confirmed the hypothesis that mental health symptoms would moderate the relationship between pandemic impacts and resilience [for the overall model, = 0.41, Δ = 0.16, = 0.76, (4, 200) = 10.19, < 0.001; for the interaction between total COVID impacts and resilience, Δ = 0.017, (1, 200) = 3.98, < 0.05]. Thus, emerging adult students with low or moderate levels of symptomatology were more resilient, independently of the level of pandemic-related stressors they faced. Those experiencing higher levels of mental health symptoms, in tandem with high levels of pandemic-related impacts, exhibited increasingly higher resilience levels [ = 0.17, 95% CI [0.02, 0.32], = 2.26, = 0.025]. These youths may be better equipped to handle severe stress and adversity thanks to skills and resources they possess and are experienced in using. The implications of these findings for each group of young people are discussed for their usefulness in directing future research and interventions to foster resilience during current and future crises and health pandemics.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Mental Health; Pandemics; COVID-19; Universities; Students; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 37887649
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206911 -
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) Oct 2022Although scholars and practitioners have highlighted the significance of students' attitudes for their future employment, few empirical examinations have attempted to...
Although scholars and practitioners have highlighted the significance of students' attitudes for their future employment, few empirical examinations have attempted to determine the potential association between students' future orientation and their perceived employability. Thus, drawing on career construction theory, we test the positive effect of students' future orientation on their perceived employability by exploring the mediator of problem-based learning and the moderators of job market knowledge and proactive personality. Collecting our data via a time-lagged design (N = 368), we have found that the positive association between future orientation and employability is mediated by problem-based learning. Our moderation analyses further revealed that job market knowledge positively moderates the relationship between future orientation and problem-based learning and that students' proactive personality positively moderates the relationship between problem-based learning and perceived employability.
PubMed: 36254214
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03769-6 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Patients with chronic diseases may have some psychological problems due to their own or surrounding environmental factors, which can adversely affect the patient's...
The relationship between stigma and quality of life in hospitalized middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases: the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of psychological resilience.
OBJECTIVE
Patients with chronic diseases may have some psychological problems due to their own or surrounding environmental factors, which can adversely affect the patient's illness and life. Given that the number of chronically ill patients in China is currently increasing every year, more research is needed to determine the best ways to manage changes in psychological status and psychological stress responses in chronically ill patients. The researchers constructed a mediated moderation model to explore the impact of stigma on the quality of life of chronically ill patients, as well as the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of psychological resilience.
METHODS
A stratified sampling method was used to select 363 middle-aged and old-aged patients with chronic diseases aged 45 years and older from the Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University for the study. Data were collected from patients with chronic diseases such as cardiac, respiratory, renal, and other chronic diseases using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), the Stigma Scale for Patients with Chronic Diseases (SSCI), the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Quality of Life Inventory (SF-12), and the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were collected from patients with cardiac, respiratory, renal, and other chronic diseases. A descriptive analysis was used to describe the sample. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the variables. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of psychological resilience.
RESULTS
There was a moderate negative correlation between stigma and quality of life ( = -0.378, < 0.01). There was a moderate negative correlation between depression and quality of life ( = -0.497, < 0.01). There was a moderately positive correlation between psychological resilience and quality of life ( = 0.382, < 0.01). There was a moderate negative correlation between psychological resilience and depression ( = -0.348, < 0.01). There was a weak negative correlation between psychological resilience and stigma ( = -0.166, < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation between stigma and depression ( = 0.607, < 0.01) The mediation study showed that stigma was a significant predictor of quality of life and that stigma and quality of life were mediated to some extent by depression, with the mediating effect accounting for 67.55% of the total effect. The direct path from stigma to depression is moderated by psychological resilience ( = -0.0018, < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Depression mediates the relationship between stigma and quality of life, while psychological elasticity plays a moderating role between stigma and depression, and when the level of psychological elasticity increases, the more significant the role of stigma on depression. As a physiologically and psychologically vulnerable group, patients with chronic diseases' overall quality of life and mental health should be taken more seriously, and clinical workers should pay timely attention to the psychological and mental conditions of patients with chronic diseases and provide timely and appropriate interventions and therapeutic measures. The relevant results of this study also provide a new perspective for clinical work on psychological intervention for patients with chronic diseases.
PubMed: 38840950
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1346881 -
PloS One 2022Over the years, Pakistan and China have developed strong bilateral trade and economic linkages. China Pakistan economic corridors (CPEC) is a multidimensional...
Over the years, Pakistan and China have developed strong bilateral trade and economic linkages. China Pakistan economic corridors (CPEC) is a multidimensional development plan, encircling several diverse projects and the Chinese government is going to invest a huge amount in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on several different projects. CPEC is an approach toward economic stability for both countries in the globalized world and is known as a game changer in this region. In the present study China-Pakistan economics door has been discussed, to check the CPEC implementations situation, its restraints, challenges, and benefits. An empirical process was adopted to check public opinion about it with aimed public perceptions About Foreign Investment, A PLS-SEM Analysis toward republic sustainable infrastructure. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed that there is direct relationship among IV and DV, these results offer support to hypotheses H1-H6 accepted. We have also looked at the levels of education and gender of the respondents as control variables, gender and education showed insignificant relationships with CPEC. It means there is no direct relationship between gender and education to DV. Age significantly moderates the relationship of CPEC associated with IV, depicts the moderation role of age on the relationship, under this research H2a and H3a have significant relationships with age as a moderator while other moderators did not show any relationship. In the current study, there is a significant relationship among all parameters, and there is a medium to strong correlation between diverse variables. The study showed that CPEC will have positive and strong impacts on the economic development of both countries and public of Pakistan consider it can open many doors for them for education, jobs and tourism. This study can help policy makers to make policy to make more effective policy in this are for sustainable development.
Topics: Public Opinion; Economic Development; Investments; Sustainable Development; Government; Pakistan
PubMed: 36367904
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277673 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Sep 2022Multimorbidity, or the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is a global challenge, with implications for mortality, morbidity, disability, and life quality....
OBJECTIVE
Multimorbidity, or the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is a global challenge, with implications for mortality, morbidity, disability, and life quality. Psychiatric disorders are common among the chronic diseases that affect patients with multimorbidity. It is still not well understood whether psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, moderate the effect of multimorbidity on cognition.
METHODS
We used a large (n=2,681) dataset to assess whether depressive symptomatology moderates the effect of multimorbidity on cognition using structural equation modelling.
RESULTS
It was found that the more depressive symptoms and chronic conditions, the worse the cognitive performance, and the higher the educational level, the better the cognitive performance. We found a significant but weak (0.009; p = 0.04) moderating effect.
CONCLUSION
We have provided the first estimate of the moderating effect of depression on the relation between multimorbidity and cognition, which was small. Although this moderation has been implied by many previous studies, it was never previously estimated.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Multimorbidity; Quality of Life; Chronic Disease; Cognition
PubMed: 36709433
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2601 -
Women's Health Issues : Official... 2023Mental health symptoms and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and women may be disproportionately affected. Women report substantial mental health...
INTRODUCTION
Mental health symptoms and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and women may be disproportionately affected. Women report substantial mental health consequences, and women veterans may experience additional risks associated with military service. However, rates and correlates of substance use and consequences among women veterans are largely unknown. This study aimed to 1) report rates of substance use and consequences among women veterans; 2) identify correlates of substance use and consequences; and 3) test COVID-specific anxiety as a moderator.
METHOD
Women veterans (n = 209) enrolled in Veterans Health Administration primary care completed measures of demographics, psychiatric and substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses, current mental health symptoms, alcohol consumption, drug-related problems, and COVID-specific anxiety. Bivariate correlations evaluated demographics (age, race, employment, relationship status), psychiatric (depression/anxiety/posttraumatic stress disorder) and SUD diagnoses, and current mental health (depression/anxiety) symptoms as correlates of substance use outcomes. For any relationships between correlates and outcomes that were statistically significant, COVID-specific anxiety was tested as a moderator using the PROCESS macro in SPSS version 27. Any statistically significant moderation effects were further investigated using the PROCESS macro to estimate conditional effects. COVID-specific anxiety was mean-centered before analyses. Alpha was set to 0.05 for all statistical tests.
RESULTS
Thirty-six percent screened positive for hazardous (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C] ≥ 3) alcohol consumption and 26% reported drug-related problems (18% low-level, 7% moderate-level, and 2% substantial per Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST-10] scores). Drug-related problems were positively associated with COVID-specific anxiety, psychiatric diagnosis, SUD diagnosis, and depression symptoms. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with SUD diagnosis. COVID-specific anxiety significantly moderated relationships between SUD diagnosis and both outcomes.
DISCUSSION
Results help identify women veterans with SUD diagnoses and high COVID-specific anxiety as at risk for increased substance use during COVID-19 and suggest a potential intervention target (COVID-specific anxiety).
Topics: Humans; Female; Veterans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Substance-Related Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 37003919
DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2023.02.001 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Jan 2024Social media use has increased rapidly during the past decade, raising concerns about adolescents who display problematic social media use (PSMU), as indicated by... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
Social media use has increased rapidly during the past decade, raising concerns about adolescents who display problematic social media use (PSMU), as indicated by addiction-like symptoms (e.g., preoccupation, tolerance). We aimed to assess the extent to which an individual resource (health literacy), and social resources (friend support and family support), moderated the association between a range of individual characteristics (gender, age, family affluence, and depressive feelings) and PSMU; also the association between PSMU and health outcomes (self-rated health, life satisfaction, and sleep difficulties), both cross-nationally and nationally.
METHODS
Our sample included 22,226 adolescents from six European countries. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross-sectional survey (2017/2018). Random-effects models and moderator analyses were applied.
RESULTS
Six moderations were found, with the resources moderating the association between individual characteristics and PSMU. One moderation emerged cross-nationally, namely that a higher level of family support was associated with a lower likelihood of PSMU, especially among adolescents who did not have frequent depressive feelings. In addition, five national moderations were identified. For example, a higher level of health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PSMU among Finnish girls. The resources were also found to moderate the association between PSMU and health outcomes, with two moderations emerging cross-nationally. For instance, a higher level of family support was related to higher self-rated health, especially among problematic users. In addition, nine national moderations were identified; these included a higher level of health literacy being associated with having less sleep difficulties, especially among problematic users in Germany.
DISCUSSION
In adolescence, health literacy, family support, and friend support have the potential to moderate the association between individual characteristics and PSMU, and between PSMU and health outcomes, cross-nationally and nationally. We recommend the use of universal and targeted interventions to promote individual and social resources to counteract PSMU.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Social Media; Cross-Sectional Studies; Europe; Behavior, Addictive; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 37777950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.026 -
Medicine Jul 2019This study aims to test the moderation and mediation effects of self-acceptance and self-reported health on self-worth's impact on subjective well-being among elderly... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The mediating and moderating roles of self-acceptance and self-reported health in the relationship between self-worth and subjective well-being among elderly Chinese rural empty-nester: An observational study.
This study aims to test the moderation and mediation effects of self-acceptance and self-reported health on self-worth's impact on subjective well-being among elderly Chinese rural empty-nester elderly, and confirm whether self-report health is a moderating variable between self-worth and subjective well-being.This cross-sectional study was performed from May 2017 to April 2018; the participants were 365 empty-nest elderly adults from rural areas of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia.Data were collected with the General information questionnaire, Self-worth questionnaire for adults, Self-acceptance Questionnaire, and Memorial University of New Found land Scale of Happiness. For the analyses, correlations, regressions, and structural equation models were used. Bootstrapping was performed to confirm the mediation effect. Multiple regression analysis was performed to confirm the moderation effect.Self-worth showed significant correlations with self-acceptance and subjective well-being (all P < .01). Bootstrapping indicated that the mediating role of self-acceptance was statistically significant. And self-reported health moderated the self-worth and subjective well-being association.Self-acceptance partially mediated the relationship between self-worth and subjective well-being of the rural empty-nest elderly and self-reported health moderated self-worth and subjective well-being association. Consequently, to improve the subjective well-being of the rural empty-nest elderly, self-acceptance and personal health should be the focus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Behavior; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31305397
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016149 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023We aimed to elucidate the effects of "dose" of a single-session of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness and affect as well as moderators of effects. 372 adults... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
We aimed to elucidate the effects of "dose" of a single-session of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness and affect as well as moderators of effects. 372 adults recruited remotely via Amazon's MTurk platform were randomly assigned to either a: 10-min mindfulness meditation, 20-min mindfulness meditation, 10-min control, or 20-min control. Control conditions were recordings of a National Geographic article. Primary outcomes were changes in state mindfulness, anxiety, and negative and positive affect. Moderator variables included neuroticism, trait mindfulness, and prior meditation experience. Collapsing across doses, participants in mindfulness conditions reported greater increases in state mindfulness than in control conditions. There was a greater increase in state mindfulness in the 10-min mindfulness condition versus 10-min control condition. There were no differences between 10- and 20-min mindfulness conditions. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated that meditation (10 or 20) versus control (10 or 20) predicted increased state mindfulness among participants with lower trait mindfulness. Additionally, 20-min versus 10-min meditation predicted greater decreases in state anxiety among individuals with high trait mindfulness. Dose-response relationships were minimal, suggesting that 10 and 20 min of meditation may improve state mindfulness comparably. Findings support the benefits of brief mindfulness meditation and suggest that trait mindfulness moderates certain outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Meditation; Mindfulness; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38001316
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46578-y