-
Journal of Clinical Child and... 2022Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) are inconsistently associated with lower rates of child prosocial behavior. Studies typically examine prosocial behavior as a unitary...
Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) are inconsistently associated with lower rates of child prosocial behavior. Studies typically examine prosocial behavior as a unitary construct rather than examining its multiple dimensions, and rarely consider how the quality of the parent-child relationship could influence this association.: The current study examines whether the security of the parent-child attachment relationship moderates the association between MDS and children's helping, sharing, and comforting behaviors.: Participants were 164 low-income, majority African American mothers and their preschool-aged children recruited from Head Start centers. Mothers reported the frequency of depressive symptoms at baseline; child attachment security and helping, sharing, and comforting behavior were observationally assessed 5 to 8 months later.: Moderation analyses revealed a positive main effect of security (but not MDS) on children's comforting behavior, a main effect of MDS on sharing, and no main effects of MDS or security on children's helping behaviors. Significant interactions between MDS and security predicted comforting and (marginally) helping behaviors, such that MDS were associated with both more helping and more comforting behavior only when children were more secure. No such interaction was observed for sharing.: These findings suggest that children may adapt to maternal depressive symptoms in prosocial ways, but that this depends at least in part on the quality of the parent-child relationship, underscoring the importance of examining attachment quality as a moderator of parental influences on children's social-emotional development. We discuss potential explanations for these findings, as well as their implications for intervention.
Topics: Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Depression; Emotions; Female; Humans; Mothers; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 32228318
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1738235 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jul 2023An increasing number of studies have documented the effectiveness on various types of face-to-face and online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in reducing anxiety... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of studies have documented the effectiveness on various types of face-to-face and online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in reducing anxiety among general population, but there is a scarcity of systematic reviews evaluating evidence of online MBIs on anxiety in adults. Therefore, we examined the effects of online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anxiety symptoms in adults and explored the moderating effects of participant, methods, and intervention characteristics.
METHODS
We systematically searched nine databases through May 2022 without date restrictions. Inclusion criteria were primary studies evaluating online mindfulness-based interventions with adults with anxiety measured as an outcome, a comparison group, and written in English. We used random-effects model to compute effect sizes (ESs) using Hedges' g, a forest plot, and Q and I statistics as measures of heterogeneity; we also examined moderator analyses.
RESULTS
Twenty-six primary studies included 3,246 participants (39.9 ± 12.9 years old). Overall, online mindfulness-based interventions showed significantly improved anxiety (g = 0.35, 95%CI 0.09, 0.62, I = 92%) compared to controls. With regards to moderators, researchers reported higher attrition, they reported less beneficial effects on anxiety symptoms (β=-0.001, Q=4.59, p = .032). No other quality indicators moderated the effects of online mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Online mindfulness-based interventions improved anxiety symptoms in adult population. Thus, it might be used as adjunctive or alternative complementary treatment for adults. However, our findings must be interpreted with caution due to the low and unclear power of the sample in primary studies; hence, high-quality studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Mindfulness; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37507747
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04102-9 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on entrepreneurial performance in start-ups. Specifically, a moderated serial mediation...
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on entrepreneurial performance in start-ups. Specifically, a moderated serial mediation model was developed to investigate the mediating role of tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness and the moderating effect of career growth opportunities. Data was collected from 376 start-up employees an online survey platform. Using hierarchical multiple regression and Hayes' PROCESS Macro by SPSS 21.0, and structural equation modeling by AMOS 23.0, support was found for both mediation and moderation effects. Results showed that entrepreneurial leadership significantly positively affects entrepreneurial performance by mediating with tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness. Moreover, career growth opportunities moderate the serial mediating effect of tacit knowledge sharing and job embeddedness between entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial performance. This study provides theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial leadership to improve entrepreneurial performance.
PubMed: 35250776
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831555 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021The aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength attenuates the negative relationship between age and olfactory function in a representative US...
The aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength attenuates the negative relationship between age and olfactory function in a representative US population sample 40 years old and over. A cross-sectional study was performed with 2861 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES (2013-2014). An 8-item odor identification test was applied to determine olfactory function. Muscle strength was determined through a handgrip dynamometer (defined as the sum of the largest handgrip strength reading from right and left hands). Moderation analysis was performed to test whether the association between age and olfactory impairment was moderated by handgrip strength. Moderation analysis highlighted two regions of significance: the first region was found at < 56.6 kg, indicating that the adverse influence of age on olfactory function may be greater for the participants in this area; the second region was found at ≥ 56.6 kg, indicating that the negative impact of age on olfactory function disappeared for adults who were above this estimate point. In conclusion, handgrip strength, a general indicator of muscle strength, moderates the relationship between age and olfactory ability in a US adult population aged 40 years and older. Our findings are clinically relevant, since they emphasize the importance of muscular fitness in adulthood and old age by diminishing the deleterious effect of aging on olfactory performance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odorants; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 34238956
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93355-w -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has led to sharp increases in mental health problems around the world, most notably in anxiety and depression. The present study examines hardiness...
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to sharp increases in mental health problems around the world, most notably in anxiety and depression. The present study examines hardiness and age as potential protective factors against the mental health effects of COVID-related stress. A sample of Canadians balanced across age and gender, completed an online survey including measures of COVID related stressors, hardiness, depression, and anxiety, along with age, gender, and other demographics. Conditional PROCESS analysis showed that COVID stressors led to significant increases in anxiety and depression. Hardiness moderated these relations, with those high in hardiness showing less anxiety and depression. Age was negatively related to anxiety and depression, with highest levels observed among the younger respondents. At the same time, a moderating effect of age was found with respect to depression, with older people showing sharper increases in depression as COVID-related stress goes up. Gender was not a significant factor in any of these relations, meaning that the results apply equally well to both women and men. This study provides evidence that younger people who are also low in hardiness are most vulnerable to developing anxiety and depression while under COVID stress, and so would likely benefit from preventive intervention strategies. While anxiety and depression symptoms are highest among the young, older age groups appear more vulnerable to increasing rates of depression symptoms related to COVID stress. Clinicians and practitioners should thus be especially vigilant for COVID related increases in depression among older people, and those low in psychological hardiness.
Topics: Aged; Anxiety; COVID-19; Canada; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 36028015
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.045 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The mediating and moderating associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength on the association between dietary patterns and several health...
The mediating and moderating associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength on the association between dietary patterns and several health outcomes have been previously studied. For instance, handgrip strength has been found as a moderator of the relationship between excess weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Similarly, CRF has been shown as a mediator of the association between diet and obesity in children. However, to our knowledge, the role of CRF and handgrip strength on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and adiposity is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether CRF and handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study involved 475 schoolchildren (52.0% girls), aged 8-12, from ten schools in Cuenca (Spain). Adiposity was determined as body fat (in kg), which was measured using a bioimpedance analysis system. Data on SSB consumption were gathered by using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20-m Shuttle Run test and Nevill's curvilinear allometric model. Handgrip strength was determined using a digital dynamometer with adjustable grip. For each unit (in ml/kg/min) of CRF increased, the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was moderated (B = - 0.09, CI 95% - 0.14 to - 0.04). This significant moderation was also found for each 0.01 unit of increased normalized handgrip strength (B = - 0.07; CI 95% - 0.11 to - 0.02). Similarly, the Johnson-Neymann technique established three different regions. The first region shows that the association of SSB consumption on adiposity in participants who had levels of CRF < 43.4 ml/kg/min or handgrip strength < 0.34 was greater and statistically significant. The second region (43.4-57.4 ml/kg/min for CRF; 0.34-0.58 for normalized handgrip strength) depicted that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was not statistically significant in those with a CRF level or normalized handgrip strength between the lower and upper thresholds. The third region was found at > 57.4 ml/kg/min (for CRF level) and > 0.58 (for normalized handgrip strength), indicating that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was lower and statistically significant in children above these moderator values. Our results showed that certain levels of CRF and normalized handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren. It might be possible that higher physical fitness level in childhood may contribute to reducing the association between SSB consumption and adiposity.
Topics: Child; Young Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Pediatric Obesity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 36329113
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23092-1 -
Analysis the Effect of Job Strain on Nurses' Quality of Work-Life: A Mediating and Moderating Model.Iranian Journal of Nursing and... 2022One of the most important issues in all organizations is to improve performance of human resources to achieve goals. Therefore, it is necessary plans and solutions to...
BACKGROUND
One of the most important issues in all organizations is to improve performance of human resources to achieve goals. Therefore, it is necessary plans and solutions to reduce Job Strain (JS) and then increase Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), and Quality of Work-Life (QWL). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of JS on QWL with mediating role of OCB and moderator of employment status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 nurses who were non-randomly voluntary selected among nurses working in seven educational hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. Data were collected using demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and JS questionnaire with 12 items, OCB with 16 items & QWL with 26 items in the 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS22 using descriptive and inferential statistics, and structural equation modeling with SmartPLS3.
RESULTS
The results indicated the mean (SD) score of 49.56 (6.68) for JS (more than normal) and 58.84 (5.94) and 49.88 (7.69) for QWL and OCB, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients show that JS has a negative relationship with QWL (r = -0.69, < 0.001) and OCB (r = -0.54, = 0.008). Also, nurses' employment status (Formal and Contractual) moderates the relationship between JS, QWL, and OCB.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results, job stress in nurses of Ahvaz hospitals was high and QWL was moderate (or less). Therefore, increased job stress leads to reduced QWL and OCBs of nurses. Also the employment Status and job security that it provides can modify this impact.
PubMed: 36524140
DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_237_20 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021There is a demonstrated link between the mental health and substance use comorbidities experienced by young adults, however the vast majority of psychological...
There is a demonstrated link between the mental health and substance use comorbidities experienced by young adults, however the vast majority of psychological interventions are disorder specific. Novel psychological approaches that adequately acknowledge the psychosocial complexity and transdiagnostic needs of vulnerable young people are urgently needed. A modular skills-based program for emotion regulation and impulse control (ERIC) addresses this gap. The current one armed open trial was designed to evaluate the impact that 12 weeks exposure to ERIC alongside usual care had on young people's ability to regulate emotions, as well as examine potential moderating mechanisms. Seventy nine young people (50.6% male; = 19.30; = 2.94) were enrolled to the 12 week intervention period. Twenty one practitioners from youth and community health services delivered relevant ERIC modules adjunct to usual care. Linear mixed effects regression (with random intercept) was used to examine change over time across the primary outcome of emotion dysregulation and secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, experiential avoidance and mindfulness. Moderation analyses were conducted to test whether the magnitude of change in emotion dysregulation moderated change over time in secondary outcomes. Analyses revealed significant improvement in the primary outcome of emotion dysregulation with a moderate effect size (Mean Change = -10.24, 95% CI (-14.41, -6.06; Cohen's d = -0.53), in addition to decreases in the secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress and experiential avoidance. No improvements in mindfulness were reported. Moderation analyses revealed that the residualised change over time in emotion dysregulation moderated the change over time in symptoms of distress, depression, anxiety, stress, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness. Reductions in the severity of emotion dysregulation, depression, anxiety, stress and experiential avoidance are promising, and were evident despite the complexity of the participants and the diversity of the service setting. The improvements found in each outcome were only observed for those young people whose emotion regulation also improved, providing preliminary evidence for the role of emotion regulation as a key treatment target in this population.
PubMed: 33868064
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.554100 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Apr 2021Persistent pain during pregnancy is a significant health issue, which could be correlated with psychological distress resulting from inadequate social support. This...
BACKGROUND
Persistent pain during pregnancy is a significant health issue, which could be correlated with psychological distress resulting from inadequate social support. This study aims to investigate whether the relationship between poor social support and antenatal pain is mediated by psychological distress. We also aimed to examine whether social cohesion moderates the influence of psychological distress on the relationship between social support and antenatal pain.
METHODS
We analysed 94,517 pregnancies of women from a Japanese national birth cohort completed questionnaires assessing pain, psychological distress, social support and social cohesion. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Two types of models were used: the mediation model to examine whether the association between social support and pain was mediated by psychological distress; the moderated mediation model to analyse whether social cohesion buffered the negative effect of inadequate social support on pain. Demographic, socioeconomic and psychological factors were controlled for in all analyses.
RESULTS
Psychological distress was fully mediated the association between social support and pain. Social cohesion had a focal moderation effect on the inverse association between social support and psychological distress (unstandardized regression coefficient [β] = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.07-0.11) and functioned as moderator for the indirect effect of social support on antenatal pain (index of moderated mediation = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.004-0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
Poor social support was related to antenatal pain through psychological distress, possibly buffered by social cohesion. During the antenatal period, social support and cohesion are important for women.
SIGNIFICANCE
In this study, poor social support was found to be associated with pain intensity during pregnancy, which was mediated by psychological distress and might be buffered by desirable social cohesion. This finding could potentially help healthcare providers and policy makers to understand the importance of desirable social cohesion in preventing pain among pregnant women.
Topics: Child; Cooperative Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Japan; Pain; Pregnancy; Psychological Distress; Social Support; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 33341980
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1717 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023This study explored the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and resilience in emerging adulthood during the final two months of the pandemic. It aimed to examine...
This study explored the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and resilience in emerging adulthood during the final two months of the pandemic. It aimed to examine whether mental health symptoms moderated this relationship. In total, 205 university students completed an online questionnaire survey. Regression analysis was used to examine the prediction of resilience by pandemic-related impacts, and moderation analysis was used to explore the potential moderating effect of mental health on the relationship between impacts and resilience. The findings failed to confirm the hypothesis that total COVID-19 impacts would predict resilience. Rather, resource-type impacts predicted resilience [ = 0.17, < 0.5]. Significant partial correlations found among resource, financial, and psychological impacts may go some way toward clarifying connections between impacts and resilience [for resource-type impact with financial-type impact, = 0.48, < 0.01; for resource-type impact with psychological impact, = 0.22, < 0.01]. The results confirmed the hypothesis that mental health symptoms would moderate the relationship between pandemic impacts and resilience [for the overall model, = 0.41, Δ = 0.16, = 0.76, (4, 200) = 10.19, < 0.001; for the interaction between total COVID impacts and resilience, Δ = 0.017, (1, 200) = 3.98, < 0.05]. Thus, emerging adult students with low or moderate levels of symptomatology were more resilient, independently of the level of pandemic-related stressors they faced. Those experiencing higher levels of mental health symptoms, in tandem with high levels of pandemic-related impacts, exhibited increasingly higher resilience levels [ = 0.17, 95% CI [0.02, 0.32], = 2.26, = 0.025]. These youths may be better equipped to handle severe stress and adversity thanks to skills and resources they possess and are experienced in using. The implications of these findings for each group of young people are discussed for their usefulness in directing future research and interventions to foster resilience during current and future crises and health pandemics.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Mental Health; Pandemics; COVID-19; Universities; Students; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 37887649
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206911