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Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Mood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown.
BACKGROUND
Mood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown.
METHODS
We conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations between mood swings (n = 373,733) and 5 CVDs, including CAD, MI, HF, AF, and stroke using summary data of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). FinnGen datasets validated the results. Various MR approaches, sensitivity analyses, multivariable MR (MVMR), and two-step MR mediation analyses were applied.
RESULTS
The MR analysis revealed significant causal effects of mood swings on CAD (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI 1.24-1.71; P = 5.52e-6), MI (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI 1.32-1.95; P = 1.77e-6), HF (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.18-1.71; P = 2.32e-4), and stroke (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.19-1.83; P = 3.46e-4), excluding AF (P = 0.16). In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were observed. The results were reproducible using FinnGen data. In the MVMR analysis, the causal effects of mood swings on CAD, MI, HF and stroke still remain significant after adjusting potential confounding factors including BMI, smoking and T2DM, but not for LDL and hypertension. Further mediation analysis indicated hypertension may mediate the causal pathways from mood swings to CAD (18.11 %, 95 % CI: 8.83 %-27.39 %), MI (16.40 %, 95 % CI: 7.93 %-24.87 %), HF (13.06 %, 95 % CI: 6.25 %-19.86 %), and stroke (18.04 %, 95 % CI: 8.73 %-27.34 %).
CONCLUSION
Mood swings has a significant causal impact on the development of CAD, MI, HF, and stroke, partly mediated by hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hypertension; Stroke
PubMed: 38518854
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.076 -
Cells Oct 2022Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene that... (Review)
Review
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene that is translated to an expanded polyglutamine (PolyQ) repeat in huntingtin protein. HD is characterized by mood swings, involuntary movement, and cognitive decline in the late disease stage. HD patients often die 15-20 years after disease onset. Currently, there is no cure for HD. Due to the striking neuronal loss in HD, most studies focused on the investigation of the predominantly neuronal degeneration in specific brain regions. However, the pathology of the white matter area in the brains of HD patients was also reported by clinical imaging studies, which showed white matter abnormalities even before the clinical onset of HD. Since oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around the axons in the brain, white matter lesions are likely attributed to alterations in myelin and oligodendrocyte-associated changes in HD. In this review, we summarized the evidence for white matter, myelin, and oligodendrocytes alterations that were previously observed in HD patients and animal models. We also discussed potential mechanisms for white matter changes and possible treatment to prevent glial dysfunction in HD.
Topics: Animals; Huntington Disease; White Matter; Huntingtin Protein; Brain; Myelin Sheath
PubMed: 36359783
DOI: 10.3390/cells11213381 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mood swings, or mood variability, are associated with negative mental health outcomes. Since adolescence is a time when mood disorder onset peaks, mood variability...
Mood swings, or mood variability, are associated with negative mental health outcomes. Since adolescence is a time when mood disorder onset peaks, mood variability during this time is of significant interest. Understanding biological factors that might be associated with mood variability, such as sleep and structural brain development, could elucidate the mechanisms underlying mood and anxiety disorders. Data from the longitudinal Leiden self-concept study (N = 191) over 5 yearly timepoints was used to study the association between sleep, brain structure, and mood variability in healthy adolescents aged 11-21 at baseline in this pre-registered study. Sleep was measured both objectively, using actigraphy, as well as subjectively, using a daily diary self-report. Negative mood variability was defined as day-to-day negative mood swings over a period of 5 days after an MRI scan. It was found that negative mood variability peaked in mid-adolescence in females while it linearly increased in males, and average negative mood showed a similar pattern. Sleep duration (subjective and objective) generally decreased throughout adolescence, with a larger decrease in males. Mood variability was not associated with sleep, but average negative mood was associated with lower self-reported energy. In addition, higher thickness in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) compared to same-age peers, suggesting a delayed thinning process, was associated with higher negative mood variability in early and mid-adolescence. Together, this study provides an insight into the development of mood variability and its association with brain structure.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent Development; Mood Disorders; Sleep; Brain; Actigraphy
PubMed: 38609481
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59227-9 -
Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a... Sep 2021Bipolar affective disorder is a chronic illness that usually causes significant psychosocial deficits and functional impairment and is also associated with excess... (Review)
Review
Bipolar affective disorder is a chronic illness that usually causes significant psychosocial deficits and functional impairment and is also associated with excess mortality. It is underlied by an endogenous pathology with pharmacotherapy as primary treatment. However, in many cases, medication treatment alone is associated with limited adherence, low remission rates, increased potential for relapse and residual symptoms, which is why bipolarity-specific psychotherapeutic interventions are increasingly gaining ground as an integral part of the management of the disease. An increasing amount of research and evidence suggest that complementary psychotherapeutic interventions improve patients' long-term functioning, and argue for the involvement of psychologists and other helping professionals in the long-term care of patients with bipolar disorder. In this article we overview the major therapeutic methods specifically targeted at this group of patients, including individual and group psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy, family therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), Integrated Care Management, Think Effectively About Mood Swings (TEAMS), Imagery Based Emotion Regulation (IBER), and other individual and group techniques and psychotherapeutic interventions, also mentioning efficacy studies and effects experienced by patients.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Family Therapy; Humans; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 34751022
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2023Individuals with Parkinson's disease present arm swing alterations that can adversely affect their locomotion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Individuals with Parkinson's disease present arm swing alterations that can adversely affect their locomotion.
OBJECTIVE
To identify differences in arm swing asymmetry (ASA) between individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy individuals and to investigate the relationship between ASA, temporal-spatial gait parameters, and disease progression.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost up to February 2023. Cross-sectional studies evaluating parameters of arm swing (AS) and ASA were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the quality of the evidence was measured with a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review (1130 participants). Irrespective of the medication phase (ON or OFF) and the type of walk test employed, the meta-analysis showed moderate-quality evidence that individuals with PD have increased ASA amplitude (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99; I²= 0%).Very low-quality evidence suggests higher ASA velocity (SMD=0.64; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.05; I²=59%) and lower AS amplitude on both the most affected (ES = -1.99, 95% CI: -3.04, -0.94, I: 91%) and the least affected sides (ES = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.44; I²=66%). Meta-regression indicated that ASA is inversely related to disease duration (Z: -2.4892, P< 0.05) and motor symptoms progression (Z: -2.1336, P< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of the medication phase and the type of walk test employed, individuals with PD exhibited greater ASA and decreased AS amplitude than healthy individuals. ASA decreases as the disease progresses and symptoms worsen.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Walking; Arm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait
PubMed: 37980716
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100559 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Feb 2023Affective instability is a common phenomenon in adults. It may be the expression of underlying organic or psychiatric conditions. This is a potentially disabling symptom...
Affective instability is a common phenomenon in adults. It may be the expression of underlying organic or psychiatric conditions. This is a potentially disabling symptom for the individual, which can cause psychological distress and even consequences in daily life functioning. This article is intended for any healthcare professional and aims to clarify the assessment and diagnostic approach to a patient with mood swings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mood Disorders; Affect
PubMed: 36799329
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2021Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder that affects millions worldwide and is associated with severe mood swings between mania and depression. The mood stabilizers... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder that affects millions worldwide and is associated with severe mood swings between mania and depression. The mood stabilizers valproate (VPA) and lithium (Li) are among the main drugs that are used to treat BD patients. However, these drugs are not effective for all patients and cause serious side effects. Therefore, better drugs are needed to treat BD patients. The main barrier to developing new drugs is the lack of knowledge about the therapeutic mechanism of currently available drugs. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanism of action of mood stabilizers. However, it is still not known how they act to alleviate both mania and depression. The pathology of BD is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and abnormalities in calcium signaling. A deficiency in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway may be a shared mechanism that leads to these cellular dysfunctions. This is supported by reported abnormalities in the UPR pathway in lymphoblasts from BD patients. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that mood stabilizers alter the expression of several UPR target genes in mouse and human neuronal cells. In this review, we outline a new perspective wherein mood stabilizers exert their therapeutic mechanism by activating the UPR. Furthermore, we discuss UPR abnormalities in BD patients and suggest future research directions to resolve discrepancies in the literature.
PubMed: 34531727
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.735622 -
Orthopaedic Surgery Sep 2022To determine whether unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects the kinematics of the uninjured contralateral ankle.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects the kinematics of the uninjured contralateral ankle.
METHODS
In this case-control study, 15 adult patients with unilateral CAI and 15 healthy controls were studied. Both the unstable and uninjured ankles in patients with unilateral CAI (CAI group, n = 15) were compared with that of healthy individuals (control group, n = 15). Applying body photo-reflective markers, the participant's motion during gait was measured. Biomechanical variables including overall ankle-toe angle, linear velocity, linear acceleration, angular velocity, angular acceleration, range of motion (RoM) in dorsiplantar flexion, and inversion-eversion at initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, and swing phase of the gait were measured.
RESULTS
In patients with CAI, the injured and uninjured ankles were significantly different regarding angle-toe angle, inversion-eversion RoM, dorsiplantar flexion in mid-stance, inversion-eversion at initial contact and terminal stance as well as the pre-swing and swing phases (p < 0.01). The uninjured ankles of patients showed lower ankle-toe velocity (p = 0.01) and acceleration (p = 0.01) compared to both the left and right ankles of the controls. In addition, the uninjured ankles of the patients showed decreased ankle dorsiflexion and increased inversion during initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, and swing compared to the control group (p < 0.017).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that unilateral CAI can affect gait biomechanics in the contralateral uninjured ankle. Left unaddressed, unilateral CAI may lead to increased morbidity to the contralateral uninjured side. When surgery is not preferred for the management of unilateral CAI, rehabilitation protocols should focus on both sides.
Topics: Adult; Ankle; Ankle Joint; Biomechanical Phenomena; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Gait; Humans; Joint Instability
PubMed: 35852096
DOI: 10.1111/os.13307 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Psychiatric traits have been associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in observational studies, although their causal relationships remain uncertain. We used...
BACKGROUND
Psychiatric traits have been associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in observational studies, although their causal relationships remain uncertain. We used Mendelian randomization analyses to infer causality between psychiatric traits and ICH.
METHODS
We collected data from genome-wide association studies of ICH ( = 361,194) and eight psychiatric traits among Europeans, including mood swings ( = 451,619), major depressive disorder ( = 480,359), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 53,293), anxiety ( = 459,560), insomnia ( = 462,341), schizophrenia ( = 77,096), neuroticism ( = 374,323), and bipolar disorder ( = 51,710). We performed a series of bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization and related sensitivity analyses. A Bonferroni corrected threshold of < 0.00625 (0.05/8) was considered to be significant, and < 0.05 was considered suggestive of evidence for a potential association.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization analyses revealed suggestive positive causality of mood swings on ICH (odds ratio = 1.006, 95% confidence interval = 1.001-1.012, = 0.046), and the result was consistent after sensitivity analysis. However, major depressive disorder ( = 0.415), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 0.456), anxiety ( = 0.664), insomnia ( = 0.699), schizophrenia ( = 0.799), neuroticism ( = 0.140), and bipolar disorder ( = 0.443) are not significantly associated with the incidence of ICH. In the reverse Mendelian randomization analyses, no causal effects of ICH on mood swings ( = 0.565), major depressive disorder ( = 0.630), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 0.346), anxiety ( = 0.266), insomnia ( = 0.102), schizophrenia ( = 0.463), neuroticism ( = 0.261), or bipolar disorder ( = 0.985) were found.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that mood swings are suggestively causal of ICH and increase the risk of ICH. These results suggest the clinical significance of controlling mood swings for ICH prevention.
PubMed: 36684013
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1049432