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BMC Cancer Dec 2020Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in Latin American women, but with a wide variability with respect to their mortality. This study aims to estimate the...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in Latin American women, but with a wide variability with respect to their mortality. This study aims to estimate the mortality rates from BC in Peruvian women and to assess mortality trends over 15 years.
METHODS
We calculated BC age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 women-years using the world standard SEGI population. We estimated joinpoint regression models for BC in Peru and its geographical areas. The spatial analysis was performed using the Moran's I statistic.
RESULTS
In a 15-year period, Peru had a mortality rate of 9.97 per 100,000 women-years. The coastal region had the highest mortality rate (12.15 per 100,000 women-years), followed by the highlands region (4.71 per 100,000 women-years). In 2003, the highest ASMR for BC were in the provinces of Lima, Arequipa, and La Libertad (above 8.0 per 100,000 women-years), whereas in 2017, the highest ASMR were in Tumbes, Callao, and Moquegua (above 13.0 per women-years). The mortality trend for BC has been declining in the coastal region since 2005 (APC = - 1.35, p < 0.05), whereas the highlands region experienced an upward trend throughout the study period (APC = 4.26, p < 0.05). The rainforest region had a stable trend. Spatial analysis showed a Local Indicator of Spatial Association of 0.26 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We found regional differences in the mortality trends over 15 years. Although the coastal region experienced a downward trend, the highlands had an upward mortality trend in the entire study period. It is necessary to implement tailored public health interventions to reduce BC mortality in Peru.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mortality; Peru
PubMed: 33261561
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07671-x -
NCHS Data Brief Jan 2022Perinatal mortality (late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths under age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of...
Perinatal mortality (late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths under age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of health care before, during, and after delivery, and of the health status of the nation (1,2). The U.S. perinatal mortality rate declined 30% from 1990 to 2011, but was stable from 2011 through 2016 (1,3,4). This report presents trends in perinatal mortality as well as its components, late fetal and early neonatal mortality, for 2017 through 2019. Also shown are perinatal mortality trends by mother's age, race and Hispanic origin, and state for 2017-2019.
Topics: Child; Female; Fetal Mortality; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Perinatal Death; Perinatal Mortality; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; United States
PubMed: 35072603
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Jul 2021This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in premature cancer mortality by cancer types, and evaluated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and...
BACKGROUND
This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in premature cancer mortality by cancer types, and evaluated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and premature cancer mortality by cancer types.
METHODS
Using multiple databases, cancer mortality was linked to SES and other county characteristics. The outcome measure was cancer mortality among adults ages 25-64 years in 3,028 U.S. counties, from 1999 to 2018. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were calculated as a concentration index (CI) by income (annual median household income), educational attainment (% with bachelor's degree or higher), and unemployment rate. A hierarchical linear mixed model and dominance analyses were used to investigate SES associated with county-level mortality. The analyses were also conducted by cancer types.
RESULTS
CIs of SES factors varied by cancer types. Low-SES counties showed increasing trends in mortality, while high-SES counties showed decreasing trends. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among high-SES counties were larger than those among low-SES counties. SES explained 25.73% of the mortality. County-level cancer mortality was associated with income, educational attainment, and unemployment rate, at -0.24 [95% (CI): -0.36 to -0.12], -0.68 (95% CI: -0.87 to -0.50), and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92-2.07) deaths per 100,000 population with one-unit SES factors increase, respectively, after controlling for health care environment and population health.
CONCLUSIONS
SES acts as a key driver of premature cancer mortality, and socioeconomic inequalities differ by cancer types.
IMPACT
Focused efforts that target socioeconomic drivers of mortalities and inequalities are warranted for designing cancer-prevention implementation strategies and control programs and policies for socioeconomically underprivileged groups.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Geography; Health Status Disparities; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality, Premature; Neoplasms; Social Determinants of Health; Socioeconomic Factors; United States
PubMed: 33947656
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1534 -
Population Health Metrics Jan 2022The mortality pattern from birth to age five is known to vary by underlying cause of mortality, which has been documented in multiple instances. Many countries without...
BACKGROUND
The mortality pattern from birth to age five is known to vary by underlying cause of mortality, which has been documented in multiple instances. Many countries without high functioning vital registration systems could benefit from estimates of age- and cause-specific mortality to inform health programming, however, to date the causes of under-five death have only been described for broad age categories such as for neonates (0-27 days), infants (0-11 months), and children age 12-59 months.
METHODS
We adapt the log quadratic model to mortality patterns for children under five to all-cause child mortality and then to age- and cause-specific mortality (U5ACSM). We apply these methods to empirical sample registration system mortality data in China from 1996 to 2015. Based on these empirical data, we simulate probabilities of mortality in the case when the true relationships between age and mortality by cause are known.
RESULTS
We estimate U5ACSM within 0.1-0.7 deaths per 1000 livebirths in hold out strata for life tables constructed from the China sample registration system, representing considerable improvement compared to an error of 1.2 per 1000 livebirths using a standard approach. This improved prediction error for U5ACSM is consistently demonstrated for all-cause as well as pneumonia- and injury-specific mortality. We also consistently identified cause-specific mortality patterns in simulated mortality scenarios.
CONCLUSION
The log quadratic model is a significant improvement over the standard approach for deriving U5ACSM based on both simulation and empirical results.
Topics: Cause of Death; Child; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; China; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Life Tables
PubMed: 35012587
DOI: 10.1186/s12963-021-00277-w -
BMJ Mental Health May 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased mortality, but evidence on cause-specific mortality is limited.
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased mortality, but evidence on cause-specific mortality is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate cause-specific premature excess mortality in BD.
METHODS
Finnish nationwide cohort study of individuals with and without a diagnosis of BD who were aged 15-64 years during 2004-2018. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for BD using the mortality rates in the Finnish general population without BD as weights. Causes of death were defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes.
FINDINGS
Of the included 47 018 individuals with BD, 3300 (7%) died during follow-up. Individuals with BD had sixfold higher mortality due to external causes (SMR: 6.01, 95% CI: 5.68, 6.34) and twofold higher mortality due to somatic causes (SMR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.97, 2.15). Of the deaths due to external causes, 83% (1061/1273) were excess deaths, whereas 51% (1043/2027) of the deaths due to somatic causes were excess. About twice the number of potential years of life were lost in excess due to external causes than due to somatic causes. Alcohol-related causes contributed more to excess mortality than deaths due to cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSION
External causes of death contributed more to the mortality gap than somatic causes after controlling for age-specific background general population mortality.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION
A balanced consideration between therapeutic response, different treatment options and risk of cause-specific mortality is needed to prevent premature mortality in BD and to reduce the mortality gap.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Cohort Studies; Cause of Death; Cardiovascular Diseases; Mortality, Premature
PubMed: 37463759
DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300700 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2015To identify, in national and international journals, the studies conducted in Brazil related to breast feeding and reducing cases of diarrhea in children under 2 years... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify, in national and international journals, the studies conducted in Brazil related to breast feeding and reducing cases of diarrhea in children under 2 years of age, featuring health interventions more used.
METHODS
Descriptive study, based on an integrative review of literature from PubMed and LILACS data published between January 1992 and August 2011. The keywords "breastfeeding AND diarrhea" was searched in Portuguese, English and Spanish in PubMed and LILACS. The guiding question was: "What was knowledge produced about breast feeding and prevention of diarrhea in children under 2 years between 1992 and 2011 in studies conducted in Brazil?"
RESULTS
We selected 11 studies that showed the importance of breast feeding in the prevention and protection against diarrhea in children under 6 months, especially among children in exclusive breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
Public health policies should be directed to the context of each locality, in order to reduce the problems that involve the early weaning.
Topics: Brazil; Breast Feeding; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 26061078
DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3107 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2022The present research aims to investigate the impact of air pollution on the number of mortalities caused by COVID-19 per Pakistani province. To do so, for each...
The present research aims to investigate the impact of air pollution on the number of mortalities caused by COVID-19 per Pakistani province. To do so, for each independent area of Pakistan, the observed mortality due to COVID-19 has been standardized over the entire population using standard age groups ranging from 0 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14,…, 65, and above years, supported by the 2017 state people census. The impact of air pollution and COVID-19 transience among Pakistani areas, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and the Federally Administered Tribal Region (FATA) was analyzed by a multiple-linear regression model, while the broad collection of attributes was observed by the resources of local spatial autocorrelation indicators, including the spatial portion of COVID-19 association. The result indicates that the observed mortality rate is much higher than predicted in certain provinces, namely, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces, and the prevalence of PM was independently linked to mortality due to the corona virus. Additionally, the results of the local spatial autocorrelation indicators on the standardized mortality rate and PM define a collection of very higher ideologies in the broad range of KPK and the southern part of Punjab province, respectively, with a definite degree of connection between the two distributions in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. In brief, this research seems to find a justification for confirming the existence of a correlation between the possibility of COVID-19 mortality and air pollution, more precisely considering air pollutants (i.e., particulate (PM) and land take-over. To this end, the need to mediate in favor of measures aimed at eliminating emissions in the environment will be reiterated by speeding up current proposals and policies aimed at all causes of atmospheric pollution: urbanization, water and manufacturing, home heating, and transportation.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; COVID-19; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mortality; Pakistan; Particulate Matter; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34363580
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15654-z -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2019To determine if the onset of the economic crisis in Spain affected cancer mortality and mortality trends.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if the onset of the economic crisis in Spain affected cancer mortality and mortality trends.
METHOD
We conducted a longitudinal ecological study based on all cancer-related deaths and on specific types of cancer (lung, colon, breast and prostate) in Spain between 2000 and 2013. We computed age-standardised mortality rates in men and women, and fit mixed Poisson models to analyse the effect of the crisis on cancer mortality and trends therein.
RESULTS
After the onset of the economic crisis, cancer mortality continued to decline, but with a significant slowing of the yearly rate of decline (men: RR = 0.987, 95%CI = 0.985-0.990, before the crisis, and RR = 0.993, 95%CI = 0.991-0.996, afterwards; women: RR = 0.990, 95%CI = 0.988-0.993, before, and RR = 1.002, 95%CI = 0.998-1.006, afterwards). In men, lung cancer mortality was reduced, continuing the trend observed in the pre-crisis period; the trend in colon cancer mortality did not change significantly and continued to increase; and the yearly decline in prostate cancer mortality slowed significantly. In women, lung cancer mortality continued to increase each year, as before the crisis; colon cancer continued to decease; and the previous yearly downward trend in breast cancer mortality slowed down following the onset of the crisis.
CONCLUSIONS
Since the onset of the economic crisis in Spain the rate of decline in cancer mortality has slowed significantly, and this situation could be exacerbated by the current austerity measures in healthcare.
Topics: Economic Recession; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mortality; Neoplasms; Spain; Time Factors
PubMed: 29452751
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.11.008 -
Epidemiology and Health 2022This study aimed to describe the regional avoidable mortality trends in Korea and examine the trends in avoidable mortality disparities between the Seoul Capital Area...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to describe the regional avoidable mortality trends in Korea and examine the trends in avoidable mortality disparities between the Seoul Capital Area and non-Seoul-Capital areas, thereby exploring the underlying reasons for the trend changes.
METHODS
Age-standardized mortality rates from avoidable causes between 2001-2020 were calculated by region. Regional disparities in avoidable mortality were quantified on both absolute and relative scales. Trends and disparities in avoidable mortality were analyzed using joinpoint regression models.
RESULTS
Avoidable, treatable, and preventable mortalities in Korea decreased at different rates over time by region. The largest decreases were in the non-Seoul-Capital non-metropolitan area for avoidable and preventable mortality rates and the non-Seoul- Capital metropolitan area for treatable mortality rates, despite the largest decline being in the Seoul Capital Area prior to around 2009. Absolute and relative regional disparities in avoidable and preventable mortalities generally decreased. Relative disparities in treatable mortality between areas widened. Regional disparities in all types of mortalities tended to improve after around 2009, especially among males. In females, disparities in avoidable, treatable, and preventable mortalities between areas improved less or even worsened.
CONCLUSIONS
Trends and disparities in avoidable mortality across areas in Korea seem to have varied under the influence of diverse social changes. Enhancing health services to underserved areas and strengthening gender-oriented policies are needed to reduce regional disparities in avoidable mortality.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Republic of Korea; Seoul; Mortality
PubMed: 35989656
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022067 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) are important indicators for evaluating the quality of perinatal health and child health services in a...
INTRODUCTION
Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) are important indicators for evaluating the quality of perinatal health and child health services in a country or region, and are research priorities for promoting maternal and infant safety and maternal and child health. This paper aimed to analysis and predict the trends of U5MR and MMR in China, to explore the impact of social health services and economic factors on U5MR and MMR, and to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate relevant policies and measures.
METHODS
The JoinPoint regression model was established to conduct time trend analysis and describe the trend of neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), U5MR and MMR in China from 1991 to 2020. The linear mixed effect model was used to assess the fixed effects of maternal health care services and socioeconomic factors on U5MR and MMR were explored, with year as a random effect to minimize the effect of collinearity. Auto regressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA) were built to predict U5MR and MMR from 2021 to 2025.
RESULTS
The NMR, IMR, U5MR and MMR from 1991 to 2020 in China among national, urban and rural areas showed continuous downward trends. The NMR, IMR, U5MR and MMR were significantly negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), the proportion of the total health expenditure (THE) to GDP, system management rate, prenatal care rate, post-natal visit rate and hospital delivery rate. The predicted values of national U5MR from 2021 to 2025 were 7.3 ‰, 7.2 ‰, 7.1 ‰, 7.1 ‰ and 7.2 ‰ and the predicted values of national MMR were 13.8/100000, 12.1/100000, 10.6/100000, 9.6/100000 and 8.3/100000.
CONCLUSION
China has made great achievements in reducing the U5MR and MMR. It is necessary for achieving the goals of Healthy China 2030 by promoting the equalization of basic public health services and further optimizing the allocation of government health resources. China's experience in reducing U5MR and MMR can be used as a reference for developing countries to realize the SDGs.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child Mortality; Maternal Mortality; Infant Mortality; Socioeconomic Factors; China
PubMed: 37927855
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198356