-
Journal of American College Health : J... 2018Hooking up is common in college, and has been linked to heavy drinking. Hookups have positive as well as negative consequences, and thus the motivations for hooking up...
OBJECTIVE
Hooking up is common in college, and has been linked to heavy drinking. Hookups have positive as well as negative consequences, and thus the motivations for hooking up are complex. Yet, little research has focused on these motivations. The present study examined the role that gender and drinking patterns play in the relationship between sexual motivation and penetrative hookups.
PARTICIPANTS
Heavy drinking college students (N = 396) completed online surveys between September/October 2009.
METHOD
Sexual motivation, alcohol, and hooking up were assessed.
RESULTS
Enhancement motives and drinking frequency predicted more frequent oral and vaginal sex when hooking up, while peer and partner motives predicted anal sex. Men endorsed greater enhancement motives, peer motives, and hookup oral and vaginal sex. For men, coping motives predicted oral and vaginal sex and peer motives predicted anal sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Results provide greater insight into the reasons why college students engage in penetrative hookups.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Drinking in College; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Peer Group; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 29447601
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1440571 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2022Given the growing number of fatalities associated with the use of multiple types of drugs, there is an urgent need for a tool that allows clinicians and researchers to...
Given the growing number of fatalities associated with the use of multiple types of drugs, there is an urgent need for a tool that allows clinicians and researchers to quickly assess diverse reasons for substance use. Here, we sought to validate the (), a new measure that assesses motivations for use across different types of substances. Participants were 538 adults ages 18-60 (48% women) who reported substance use problems and past-year drug or alcohol use. Analyses were conducted to discover and validate the factor structure of the and evaluate its construct validity. A 30-item model best fit the , with one capturing overall motivation to engage in substance use and eight motive-specific factors that indexed unique motivations for substance use: (relief from unpleasant emotions), (feel pleasurable or exciting emotions and sensations), (avoid withdrawal and cravings), (enhance self-insight and spirituality), (increase confidence and attractiveness) (gain a physical or mental advantage) (relief from unpleasant bodily sensations), and (mitigate sleep problems). Evaluation of the measure's construct validity and internal consistency support the chosen model and interpretation of the motive-specific factors. Results provide initial validation of the as a reliable and valid tool for assessing diverse substance use motivations. It improves upon existing measures by allowing clinicians and researchers to simultaneously evaluate motivations for multiple forms of substance use, which facilitates personalized treatment planning and research on polysubstance use.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Motivation; Substance-Related Disorders; Adaptation, Psychological; Alcohol Drinking; Emotions
PubMed: 36129001
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2125269 -
BMC Medical Education Jan 2023With university material doubling over time, medical students need to learn how to become successful life-long learners. Overall a Deep Approach (DA) to learning, and...
BACKGROUND
With university material doubling over time, medical students need to learn how to become successful life-long learners. Overall a Deep Approach (DA) to learning, and Self-Regulation (SR) skills are among the elements with a potential to accelerate learning, and Student Engagement (SE) has been associated with better university outcomes. However, specific recommendations concerning what students should do are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify above-average students' specific attitudes and strategies toward learning.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis of the answers to the validated questionnaires Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), SE, and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) of 155 s and third-year students included in a prospective interventional study in the University of Navarre in September 2020 was performed. Students were stratified according to their standardized average mean in above-average (mean > 0) and below-average (mean ≤ 0).
RESULTS
Overall, 67.1% of students scored higher in DA than in Surface Approach (SA) and had very high Intrinsic Value (IV, median 5.9). A higher proportion of above-average students had DA > SA score (72.7% vs 57.1%, p = 0.05), and showed higher scores in SR (median 4.9 vs 4.3, p = 0.007) compared to below-average, while the latter scored higher in SA (median 24.5 vs 23, p = 0.04), and surface motive (median 11 vs 9, p = 0.007). No differences were found in SE, and both groups had average scores in the cooperative dimension. Differences were rooted to hard work, interest over material and prioritizing understanding over rote-learning motives and aligned strategies.
CONCLUSIONS
Curricula design and assessment should be aligned to promote DA and SR skills among learners. Furthermore, it is paramount that teachers help instill students with interest over material and encourage understanding and hard work, since are traits associated with better results. More studies concerning metacognition and other promising traits for becoming life-long learners and prepared professionals should be made.
Topics: Humans; Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Learning; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36631815
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-03999-7 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2023The central theoretical construct in human resource management today is employee engagement. Despite its centrality, clear theoretical and operational definitions are... (Review)
Review
The central theoretical construct in human resource management today is employee engagement. Despite its centrality, clear theoretical and operational definitions are few and far between, with most treatments failing to separate causes from effects, psychological variables from organizational variables, and internal from external mechanisms. This paper argues for a more sophisticated approach to the engagement concept, grounding it in the vast psychological literature on human motivation. Herein lies the contribution of our paper; we argue that the apparent diversity of operational definitions employed by academics and practitioners can be understood as tentative attempts to draw ever nearer to key motivational concepts, but never quite get there. We review the leading definitions of employee engagement in the literature and find that they are reducible to a core set of human motives, each backed by full literatures of their own, which populate a comprehensive model of twelve human motivations. We propose that there is substantial value in adopting a comprehensive motivational taxonomy over current approaches, which have the effect of "snowballing" ever more constructs adopted from a variety of fields and theoretical traditions. We consider the impact of rooting engagement concepts in existing motivational constructs for each of the following: (a) theory, especially the development of engagement systems; (b) methods, including the value of applying a comprehensive, structural approach; and (c) practice, where we emphasize the practical advantages of clear operational definitions.
Topics: Humans; Work Engagement; Motivation; Research Design
PubMed: 36577907
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-022-09737-w -
PloS One 2022Motivators and barriers are pivotal factors in the adoption of health behaviors. This study aims to identify patterns of the motivators and barriers influencing heart...
OBJECTIVES
Motivators and barriers are pivotal factors in the adoption of health behaviors. This study aims to identify patterns of the motivators and barriers influencing heart health behaviors among multi-ethnic Asian adults with behavior-modifiable risk factors for heart disease, namely obesity, physical inactivity and smoking.
METHODS
A population-based survey of 1,000 participants was conducted in Singapore. Participants were assessed for behavior-modifiable risk factors and asked about motivators and barriers to heart health behaviors. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to identify factors underlying motivator and barrier question items. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the associations of motivator and barrier factors with sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS
The twenty-five motivator and barrier items were classified into three (outcome expectations, external cues and significant others including family and friends) and four (external circumstances, limited self-efficacy and competence, lack of perceived susceptibility, benefits and intentions and perceived lack of physical capability) factors respectively. Among participants with behavior-modifiable risk factors, those with lower education were more likely to be low in motivation factor of "outcome expectations" and "external cues". The well-educated were more likely to be high in the barrier factor of "lack of perceived susceptibility, benefits and intention" and were less likely to have the motivation factor of "significant others (family or friends)". Those aged 60-75 years had low motivations and high barriers compared to their younger counterparts. Older age was more likely to be low in motivation factor of "outcome expectations" and "external cues" and high in barrier factor of "limited self-efficacy and competence" and "perceived lack of physical capability".
CONCLUSIONS
Findings underscore the importance of a targeted intervention and communication strategy addressing specific motivation and barrier factors in different population segments with modifiable risk factors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Exercise; Female; Health Behavior; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Obesity; Self Efficacy; Singapore; Smoking; Young Adult
PubMed: 35051229
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262752 -
Biology Letters Nov 2021This commentary concerns a controversial animal model in rodent social release research wherein one rat releases another rat from entrapment in a plastic tube. Release...
This commentary concerns a controversial animal model in rodent social release research wherein one rat releases another rat from entrapment in a plastic tube. Release from the plastic tube has been proposed as a model to study empathically motivated behaviour. However, empathic motivations have been contested by others who have provided evidence for social reinforcement motivating release behaviour. Furthermore, helping, or other forms of pro-social behaviour could exist independent of empathy or empathetic motivation and the stimuli occasioning this helping behaviour are not known. In addition, there is a dearth in the citations of published studies whose results fail to support this model. In other words, the controversial aspect of the rodent social release model is often overlooked. This controversy is described in the current opinion piece.
Topics: Animals; Empathy; Helping Behavior; Models, Animal; Motivation; Rats; Social Behavior
PubMed: 34784801
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0355 -
International Journal of Qualitative... Dec 2024Love could play a role in motivating teachers to help students and is closely related to students' achievement and prosocial behaviour. Though influenced by culture,...
BACKGROUND
Love could play a role in motivating teachers to help students and is closely related to students' achievement and prosocial behaviour. Though influenced by culture, teachers' love is not adequately studied.
PURPOSE
This study explores how Chinese teachers' compassionate love is expressed and how situational factors such as Chinese culture and history influence or motivate teachers to perceive and express compassionate love for students.
METHOD
This study adopted a qualitative approach of narrative study by describing and investigating the experience of a Chinese middle school teacher and two middle school students and their parents during COVID-19 pandemic.
FINDINGS
Chinese teacher's compassionate love demonstrates some universal features in terms of emotional response, cognitive understanding and behaviour. Furthermore some Chinese culture-related features are also found: Chinese teachers behave in a caring and supporting way at the cost of sacrificing their own free time and comfort; an enduring long-term teacher-student relationship is valued; the Chinese culture encourages, sustains and motivates Chinese teacher's compassionate love.
DISCUSSION
Teacher's compassionate love is a multi-dimensional concept entailing some universal traits in cognition, emotion and behaviour. The perception and enactment of teacher's love is subject to situational factors. Some measures for compassionate love could be built into teacher's education programme.
Topics: Humans; Love; School Teachers; Empathy; China; COVID-19; Female; Male; Students; Qualitative Research; Interpersonal Relations; Emotions; Adult; Motivation; Culture; SARS-CoV-2; Adolescent
PubMed: 38768393
DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2357147 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The shortage of midwives is a problem in rural and remote areas. This is mainly the consequence of job insecurity and difficult living conditions. The present study...
The shortage of midwives is a problem in rural and remote areas. This is mainly the consequence of job insecurity and difficult living conditions. The present study aimed to identify and analyse the perceptions and motivations of midwives in rural and remote areas of northern Morocco on the quality of their working life and the motivational factors and empowerment strategies they use to maintain and develop their work. It is a qualitative study that follows Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Three focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 midwives from rural and remote areas. The results indicate that midwives in rural and remote areas have a negative perception of the quality of the work and their personal life because of the scarcity of basic resources, unfavourable working conditions, and the personal sacrifices they have to make to support themselves. However, some factors favour their efforts. Therefore, there is a need to promote intersectoral policies that focus on improving material and human resources, as well as the working and personal conditions of midwives and the factors that support and empower them.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Midwifery; Motivation; Rural Health Services; Morocco; Rural Population
PubMed: 36429709
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214992 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Sep 2022Understanding the motivational effects of supervised aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may help men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of supervised high-intensity interval training on motivational outcomes in men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: results from a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Understanding the motivational effects of supervised aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may help men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance initiate and maintain exercise behavior, however, few studies have addressed this question. This report explored exercise motivation in men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance participating in a randomized exercise trial.
METHODS
The Exercise during Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ERASE) trial randomized 52 men with prostate cancer on active surveillance to the HIIT exercise group or the usual care (UC) group. The exercise program was supervised aerobic HIIT conducted three times per week for 12 weeks. The motivation questions were developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior and included motivational constructs, anticipated and experienced outcomes, and barriers to HIIT during active surveillance.
RESULTS
The HIIT group attended 96% of the planned exercise sessions with 100% compliance to the exercise protocol. Motivation outcome data were obtained in 25/26 (96%) participants in the HIIT group and 25/26 (96%) participants in the UC group. At baseline, study participants were generally motivated to perform HIIT. After the intervention, the HIIT group reported that HIIT was even more enjoyable (p < 0.001; d = 1.38), more motivating (p = 0.001; d = 0.89), more controllable (p < 0.001; d = 0.85), and instilled more confidence (p = 0.004; d = 0.66) than they had anticipated. Moreover, compared to UC, HIIT participants reported significantly higher perceived control (p = 0.006; d = 0.68) and a more specific plan (p = 0.032; d = 0.67) for performing HIIT over the next 6 months. No significant differences were found in anticipated versus experienced outcomes. Exercise barriers were minimal, however, the most often reported barriers included pain or soreness (56%), traveling to the fitness center (40%), and being too busy and having limited time (36%).
CONCLUSION
Men with prostate cancer on active surveillance were largely motivated and expected significant benefits from a supervised HIIT program. Moreover, the men assigned to the HIIT program experienced few barriers and achieved high adherence, which further improved their motivation. Future research is needed to understand long-term exercise motivation and behavior change in this setting.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03203460 . Registered on June 29, 2017.
Topics: Exercise; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Male; Motivation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 36175907
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01365-2 -
Malaria Journal Mar 2022Accurately testing, treating, and tracking all malaria cases is critical to achieving elimination. Ensuring health providers are able and motivated to test, treat, and...
BACKGROUND
Accurately testing, treating, and tracking all malaria cases is critical to achieving elimination. Ensuring health providers are able and motivated to test, treat, and report cases is a necessary component of elimination programmes, and particularly challenging in low endemic settings where providers may not encounter a large volume of cases. This study aimed to understand provider motivations to test, treat, and report malaria cases to better optimize programme design, adjust incentive schemes, and ultimately improve reporting rates while growing the evidence base around private providers in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS).
METHODS
With funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, this study aimed to identify and validate distinctive subtypes of motivation among private sector providers enrolled in the Greater Mekong Subregion Elimination of Malaria through Surveillance (GEMS) programme, implemented by Population Services International. Quantitative questionnaires were administered electronically in person by trained enumerators to various provider groups in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. A three-stage confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted in STATA.
RESULTS
Following this analysis, a two-factor solution that describes motivation in this population of providers was identified, and providers were scored on the two dimensions of motivation. The correlation between the two rotated factors was 0.3889, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.93, indicating an excellent level of suitability. These providers, who are often assumed to only be financially motivated, engaged in malaria elimination activities because of both internal and external motivational factors that are independent of remuneration or financial gain. For all three countries' data, significant covariances between the two latent variables for internal and external motivation were found. The models were found to be of adequate to good fit for the data across all three countries. It was determined that private sector providers, who were previously believed to be primarily financially motivated, were also motivated by personal factors. Motivation was also associated with key outcomes of importance to malaria elimination, such as reporting and stocking of tests and treatments.
CONCLUSION
Maintaining or increasing provider motivation to test and treat is essential in the fight to eliminate malaria from the GMS, as it helps to ensure that providers continue to pursue this goal, even in a low incidence environment where cases may be rare and in which providers face financial pressure to focus on areas of health service provision. Establishing mechanisms to better motivate providers through intrinsic factors is likely to have a substantive impact on the sustainability of malaria case management activities.
Topics: Case Management; Humans; Malaria; Motivation; Private Sector; Vietnam
PubMed: 35264168
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04108-7