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Health Promotion International Feb 2023Studying individuals' motivation to engage in physical activity raises the question of whether physical activity is a consumption good (enjoyment) or an investment good...
Studying individuals' motivation to engage in physical activity raises the question of whether physical activity is a consumption good (enjoyment) or an investment good (a health investment). The aims of the study were: (i) What kind of motivational background is it possible to identify for different forms of physical activity among adults, and (ii) Is there an association between different motivational factors and the form and amount of physical activity among adults. A mixed methods approach was applied using interviews (n = 20) and a questionnaire (n = 156). The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using factor and regression analysis. Among the interviewees, different types of motivation were found: 'enjoyment', 'health reasons' and 'mixed motivations', and from the quantitative data: (i) mixed motivation, a combination of enjoyment and investment, (ii) dislike of physical activity, (iii) social, (iv) goal focused, (v) appearance focused and (vi) exercising only within the comfort zone. Mixed-motivational background, with both enjoyment and investment in health, increased weekly physical activity hours significantly (β = 1.733; p = 0.001). Personal appearance-based motivation increased weekly muscle training (β = 0.540; p = 0.000) and brisk physical activity hours (β = 0651; p = 0.014). Conducting such physical activity which provides enjoyment during the performance of the activity, increased weekly balance-focused exercise hours (β = 0.224; p = 0.034). People have different kind of motivational backgrounds for engaging in physical activity. Mixed motivational background, including enjoyment and investment in health, yielded more physical activity in hours than if the person had only one of these motivations.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Exercise; Motivation; Pleasure; Surveys and Questionnaires; Happiness
PubMed: 36801941
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac178 -
Anatomical Sciences Education Aug 2022The use of augmented reality (AR) in teaching and studying neuroanatomy has been well researched. Previous research showed that AR-based learning of neuroanatomy has...
The use of augmented reality (AR) in teaching and studying neuroanatomy has been well researched. Previous research showed that AR-based learning of neuroanatomy has both alleviated cognitive load and was attractive to young learners. However, how the attractiveness of AR effects student motivation has not been discovered. Therefore, the motivational effects of AR were investigated in this research by the use of quantitative and qualitative methods. Motivation elicited by the GreyMapp-AR, an AR application, was investigated in medical and biomedical sciences students (n = 222; mean age: 19.7 ± 1.4 years) using the instructional measure of motivation survey (IMMS). Additional components (i.e., attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) were also evaluated with motivation as measured by IMMS. Additionally, 19 students underwent audio-recorded individual interviews which were transcribed for qualitative analysis. Males regarded the relevance of AR significantly higher than females (P < 0.024). Appreciation of the GreyMapp-AR program was found to be significantly higher in students studying biomedical sciences as compared to students studying medicine (P < 0.011). Other components and scores did not show significant differences between student groups. Students expressed that AR was beneficial in increasing their motivation to study subcortical structures, and that AR could be helpful and motivating for preparing an anatomy examination. This study suggests that students are motivated to study neuroanatomy by the use of AR, although the components that make up their individual motivation can differ significantly between groups of students.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anatomy; Augmented Reality; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Neuroanatomy; Students; Students, Medical; Young Adult
PubMed: 34218515
DOI: 10.1002/ase.2116 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Considering our aging society and declining birthrate, we studied the motivations for intergenerational care for the elderly in China and analyze it through different...
Considering our aging society and declining birthrate, we studied the motivations for intergenerational care for the elderly in China and analyze it through different generations of children and grandchildren. This paper mainly uses logistic regression analysis, descriptive statistics, heterogeneity analysis, robustness analysis, and other quantitative methods to analyze the data of the China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) in 2018. According to the relevant research results, we believe that both children or grandchildren may be motivations. However, the proportion of factors is higher because the proportion of parents choosing alternate-generation care has increased based on the financial support provided by their children, and underdeveloped children are more likely to be favored by their parents to provide alternate-generation care. This paper is more inclined to consider children to be the main motivator for intergenerational care under the dual motives of "feedback" exchange and altruism through "helping the weak". Next, the influence factors of a series of control variables are analyzed for the groups that take care of the next generation, and it is found that the intimacy between the elderly and their spouses, the number of meals with their families per week, and the use of electronic products will all affect the degree of care provided by their fathers. Based on this, this paper proposes that the three forces of government, society, and family are needed for joint support of the elderly when they are taking care of each other. We will make generational care less responsible, free and burdensome, and at the same time respect the right of the elderly to say "no" to providing care.
Topics: Humans; Child; Aged; Motivation; Family; China; Altruism; Financial Support; Intergenerational Relations
PubMed: 36674196
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021441 -
Journal of Neurogenetics Jun 2016Over the course of each day, animals prioritize different objectives. Immediate goals may reflect fluctuating internal homeostatic demands, prompting individuals to seek... (Review)
Review
Over the course of each day, animals prioritize different objectives. Immediate goals may reflect fluctuating internal homeostatic demands, prompting individuals to seek out energy supplies or warmth. At other times, the environment may present temporary challenges or opportunities. Homeostatic demands and environmental signals often elicit persistent changes in an animal's behavior to meet needs and challenges over extended periods of time. These changes reflect the underlying motivational state of the animal. The larval zebrafish has been established as an effective genetically tractable vertebrate system to study neural circuits for sensory-motor reflexes. Fewer studies have exploited zebrafish to study brain circuits that control motivated behavior. In part this is because appropriate conceptual frameworks, anatomical knowledge, and behavioral paradigms are not yet well established. This review sketches a general conceptual framework for studying motivated state control in animal models, how this applies to larval zebrafish, and the current knowledge on neuroanatomical substrates for state control in this model.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Larva; Motivation; Neural Pathways; Zebrafish
PubMed: 27293113
DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1177048 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Mar 2022Video games are commonly of interest in autism, with autistic adolescents playing twice as much as their Typically Developing peers. The aims of this study are to...
Video games are commonly of interest in autism, with autistic adolescents playing twice as much as their Typically Developing peers. The aims of this study are to investigate whether motivations to play video games measured using the Gaming Attitudes, Motivations and Experiences Scales and autistic traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient can predict time spent playing video games. 57 participants were recruited from internet forums and completed an online questionnaire. The preliminary results revealed that only escapism and social motivation predicted time spent playing games. Further investigation revealed interactions between autistic traits and several motivational scales, including escapism, completionism, and customisation. This has consequences for future research into how autistic people use video games to ease their anxieties.
Topics: Adolescent; Attitude; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Internet; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Video Games
PubMed: 33886033
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04994-x -
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury... 2020Motivation could be considered as a critical factor for being and staying physically active in the spinal cord-injured population. Our goals were (1) to describe...
Motivation could be considered as a critical factor for being and staying physically active in the spinal cord-injured population. Our goals were (1) to describe motivation to exercise in people with paraplegia, comparing those who engage in regular physical exercise with those who do not and (2) to establish whether such motivation is related to the type of physical exercise practiced. This study was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research. One-hundred and six participants with chronic paraplegia completed the Spanish version of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Participants were divided into the non-exerciser group (NEG) and the exerciser group (EG). EG was subclassified into sports players (SPs) and physical exercisers (PEs). Participants in both EG and NEG presented a similar motivation toward physical exercise. The most important motive to practice or to adhere to exercise in participants with SCI was ill-health avoidance (mean, 8.45; 1.33). Fitness was the second most important motive (ie, nimbleness, flexibility, strength, and endurance). Motives that distinguished EG from NEG included enjoyment and revitalization [(41.9) = -2.54, .05, = 0.36], competition [(56.8) = 2.24, .05, = 0.28], and health pressure [(104) = 3.22, .01, = 0.30]. Furthermore, we found that motivation was related to the type of physical exercise performed. SPs showed a statistically significantly higher score for competition and enjoyment and revitalization than PEs ( < .05). Ill-health avoidance and fitness are the key motivational factors to practice and adhere to physical exercise. Motivation is related to the type of physical exercise performed. Health providers need to understand these factors to promote and sustain long-term adherence to exercise in the SCI population.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Paraplegia; Spinal Cord Injuries; Surveys and Questionnaires; Wheelchairs
PubMed: 32095063
DOI: 10.1310/sci2601-01 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023The game of Bridge is one of the world's most widely played mind-sport games. A growing number of people consider it a meaningful leisure activity and are motivated to...
The game of Bridge is one of the world's most widely played mind-sport games. A growing number of people consider it a meaningful leisure activity and are motivated to play. The aim of this study was to describe a sample of Bridge players in Israel in terms of demographics, player records, motivations, and cognitive strategies used to play Bridge and examine the associations between these variables. A sample of 488 Bridge players' completed an online demographic questionnaire, the Bridge Motivational Factors Checklist, and the Bridge Cognitive Strategies Questionnaire. Most players in the study were men with a mean age of 68.7 years and a Bridge player level between Vice Master and Senior Master. Most players play bridge because "bridge is a fun game". Strategy use that occurred in-game (versus pre- or postgame) obtained the highest mean score. Because Bridge is a strategy game that can be played from childhood to older adulthood, it is important to continue research to further understand the nature and different aspects of the cognitive strategy used among Bridge players and in other mind sports.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Child; Female; Motivation; Sports; Surveys and Questionnaires; Leisure Activities; Cognition
PubMed: 36981879
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064968 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2021We examine climate-related activities through an evolutionary psychology lens, zooming in on factors that motivate or discourage people to behave sustainably to mitigate... (Review)
Review
We examine climate-related activities through an evolutionary psychology lens, zooming in on factors that motivate or discourage people to behave sustainably to mitigate climate change. Complementing current knowledge, we discuss five core ancestral psychological motivations that shape people's environmental decisions in fundamental ways. We review recent studies that explore how evolved psychological mechanisms related to self-interest, status, sensing, discounting tendencies, and social imitation can be used to promote proenvironmental behavior. We discuss the potential strengths and limitations of evolutionary-based behavioral interventions and briefly reflect on outstanding research questions that can further the integration of evolutionary approaches into mainstream environmental psychology.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Climate Change; Humans; Motivation; Social Behavior
PubMed: 33915462
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.006 -
BMJ Open Jul 2021Distance caregivers (DCGs) are a growing population with substantial contribution to informal care. While a reasonable amount is known on the determinants of motives and...
Motivations and willingness to provide care from a geographical distance, and the impact of distance care on caregivers' mental and physical health: a mixed-method systematic review protocol.
INTRODUCTION
Distance caregivers (DCGs) are a growing population with substantial contribution to informal care. While a reasonable amount is known on the determinants of motives and willingness to provide local informal care, and the local caregiver outcomes, reports for the distance caregiving population are lacking. An evidence synthesis of what motivates and makes DCGs willing to care from a distance and the impact of that care on their mental and physical health would highlight any gaps or consensus in knowledge. This would guide the research needed towards the development of tailored interventions, in order to support DCGs and promote the sustainability of distance care.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This protocol adheres to Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for mixed-method reviews. A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO). Grey literature will also be assessed to minimise publication bias. Two independent reviewers will assess each study for inclusion and any discrepancies will be resolved with the consultation of a third reviewer. Eligible studies for inclusion will be English language studies exploring the motives and willingness to care for a care recipient with a chronic disease, disability or frailty from a geographical distance; or studies focusing on the mental and physical health outcomes of DCGs. Qualitative and quantitative data will be integrated in a single qualitative synthesis following the JBI convergent integrated approach. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethical approval is not required for this study as no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentations at academic conferences and lay summaries for various stakeholders.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020156350.
Topics: Caregivers; Health Services; Humans; Motivation; Research Design; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34233972
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045660 -
Neuron Jul 2018We reveal a central role for chance neuronal events in the decision of a male fly to court, which can be modeled as a coin flip with odds set by motivational state. The...
We reveal a central role for chance neuronal events in the decision of a male fly to court, which can be modeled as a coin flip with odds set by motivational state. The decision is prompted by a tap of a female with the male's pheromone-receptor-containing foreleg. Each tap evokes competing excitation and inhibition onto P1 courtship command neurons. A motivating dopamine signal desensitizes P1 to the inhibition, increasing the fraction of taps that successfully initiate courtship. Once courtship has begun, the same dopamine tone potentiates recurrent excitation of P1, maintaining the courtship of highly motivated males for minutes and buffering against termination. Receptor diversity within P1 creates separate channels for tuning the propensities to initiate and sustain courtship toward appropriate targets. These findings establish a powerful invertebrate system for cue-triggered binary decisions and demonstrate that noise can be exploited by motivational systems to make behaviors scalable and flexible.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Decision Making; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Male; Motivation; Perception; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 29983326
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.014