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Journal of the American College of... May 2023Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy... (Review)
Review
Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy and physiology is essential in appreciating the strengths and weaknesses of current imaging methods and gives these measurements greater context. The adaptation of the right ventricle to different types and severity of stress, particularly over time, is specific to the cardiovascular disease process. Multimodality imaging parameters, which determine outcomes, reflect the ability to image the initial and longitudinal RV response to stress. This paper will review the standard and novel imaging methods for assessing RV function and the impact of these parameters on outcomes in specific disease states.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Multimodal Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ventricular Function, Right; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
PubMed: 37164529
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.392 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Feb 2015The purpose of these guidelines is to assist physicians in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of FDG PET/CT for oncological imaging of...
The purpose of these guidelines is to assist physicians in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of FDG PET/CT for oncological imaging of adult patients. PET is a quantitative imaging technique and therefore requires a common quality control (QC)/quality assurance (QA) procedure to maintain the accuracy and precision of quantitation. Repeatability and reproducibility are two essential requirements for any quantitative measurement and/or imaging biomarker. Repeatability relates to the uncertainty in obtaining the same result in the same patient when he or she is examined more than once on the same system. However, imaging biomarkers should also have adequate reproducibility, i.e. the ability to yield the same result in the same patient when that patient is examined on different systems and at different imaging sites. Adequate repeatability and reproducibility are essential for the clinical management of patients and the use of FDG PET/CT within multicentre trials. A common standardised imaging procedure will help promote the appropriate use of FDG PET/CT imaging and increase the value of publications and, therefore, their contribution to evidence-based medicine. Moreover, consistency in numerical values between platforms and institutes that acquire the data will potentially enhance the role of semiquantitative and quantitative image interpretation. Precision and accuracy are additionally important as FDG PET/CT is used to evaluate tumour response as well as for diagnosis, prognosis and staging. Therefore both the previous and these new guidelines specifically aim to achieve standardised uptake value harmonisation in multicentre settings.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25452219
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2020Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression,... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression, atherosclerotic plaque rupture and formation of thrombi are the major factors responsible for the development of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this regard, the detection of high-risk (vulnerable) plaques is an ultimate goal in the management of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vulnerable plaques have specific morphological features that make their detection possible, hence allowing for identification of high-risk patients and the tailoring of therapy. Plaque ruptures predominantly occur amongst lesions characterized as thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA). Plaques without a rupture, such as plaque erosions, are also thrombi-forming lesions on the most frequent pathological intimal thickening or fibroatheromas. Many attempts to comprehensively identify vulnerable plaque constituents with different invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies have been made. In this review, advantages and limitations of invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities currently available for the identification of plaque components and morphologic features associated with plaque vulnerability, as well as their clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32340284
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082992 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Mar 2015Staging and response criteria were initially developed for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) over 60 years ago, but not until 1999 were response criteria published for non-HL (NHL).... (Review)
Review
Staging and response criteria were initially developed for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) over 60 years ago, but not until 1999 were response criteria published for non-HL (NHL). Revisions to these criteria for both NHL and HL were published in 2007 by an international working group, incorporating PET for response assessment, and were widely adopted. After years of experience with these criteria, a workshop including representatives of most major international lymphoma cooperative groups and cancer centers was held at the 11(th) International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML) in June, 2011 to determine what changes were needed. An Imaging Task Force was created to update the relevance of existing imaging for staging, reassess the role of interim PET-CT, standardize PET-CT reporting, and to evaluate the potential prognostic value of quantitative analyses using PET and CT. A clinical task force was charged with assessing the potential of PET-CT to modify initial staging. A subsequent workshop was help at ICML-12, June 2013. Conclusions included: PET-CT should now be used to stage FDG-avid lymphomas; for others, CT will define stage. Whereas Ann Arbor classification will still be used for disease localization, patients should be treated as limited disease [I (E), II (E)], or extensive disease [III-IV (E)], directed by prognostic and risk factors. Since symptom designation A and B are frequently neither recorded nor accurate, and are not prognostic in most widely used prognostic indices for HL or the various types of NHL, these designations need only be applied to the limited clinical situations where they impact treatment decisions (e.g., stage II HL). PET-CT can replace the bone marrow biopsy (BMBx) for HL. A positive PET of bone or bone marrow is adequate to designate advanced stage in DLBCL. However, BMBx can be considered in DLBCL with no PET evidence of BM involvement, if identification of discordant histology is relevant for patient management, or if the results would alter treatment. BMBx remains recommended for staging of other histologies, primarily if it will impact therapy. PET-CT will be used to assess response in FDG-avid histologies using the 5-point scale, and included in new PET-based response criteria, but CT should be used in non-avid histologies. The definition of PD can be based on a single node, but must consider the potential for flare reactions seen early in treatment with newer targeted agents which can mimic disease progression. Routine surveillance scans are strongly discouraged, and the number of scans should be minimized in practice and in clinical trials, when not a direct study question. Hopefully, these recommendations will improve the conduct of clinical trials and patient management.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Lymphoma; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25841712
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3865.2014.11.03 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Aug 2018When I am looking at my coffee machine that makes funny noises, this is an instance of multisensory perception - I perceive this event by means of both vision and... (Review)
Review
When I am looking at my coffee machine that makes funny noises, this is an instance of multisensory perception - I perceive this event by means of both vision and audition. But very often we only receive sensory stimulation from a multisensory event by means of one sense modality, for example, when I hear the noisy coffee machine in the next room, that is, without seeing it. The aim of this paper is to bring together empirical findings about multimodal perception and empirical findings about (visual, auditory, tactile) mental imagery and argue that on occasions like this, we have multimodal mental imagery: perceptual processing in one sense modality (here: vision) that is triggered by sensory stimulation in another sense modality (here: audition). Multimodal mental imagery is not a rare and obscure phenomenon. The vast majority of what we perceive are multisensory events: events that can be perceived in more than one sense modality - like the noisy coffee machine. And most of the time we are only acquainted with these multisensory events via a subset of the sense modalities involved - all the other aspects of these multisensory events are represented by means of multisensory mental imagery. This means that multisensory mental imagery is a crucial element of almost all instances of everyday perception.
Topics: Auditory Perception; Brain; Humans; Imagination; Multimodal Imaging; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception
PubMed: 28801065
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.006 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America May 2017Breast and whole-body PET/MR imaging is being used to detect local and metastatic disease and is being investigated for potential imaging biomarkers, which may... (Review)
Review
Breast and whole-body PET/MR imaging is being used to detect local and metastatic disease and is being investigated for potential imaging biomarkers, which may eventually help personalize treatments and prognoses. This article provides an overview of breast and whole-body PET/MR exam techniques, summarizes PET and MR breast imaging for lesion detection, outlines investigations into multi-parametric breast PET/MR, looks at breast PET/MR in the setting of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and reviews the pros and cons of whole-body PET/MR in the setting of metastatic or suspected metastatic breast cancer.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28411681
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.12.011 -
Eye (London, England) Jan 2019Several intraocular infections can present with protean manifestations posing major diagnostic and management challenges. Infections such as tuberculosis, dengue and... (Review)
Review
Several intraocular infections can present with protean manifestations posing major diagnostic and management challenges. Infections such as tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya fever have continued to remain major endemic diseases that are associated with uveitis in the Asia Pacific region. These entities often require a high index of clinical suspicion and laboratory analysis including assays of ocular fluids and/or tissues for confirmation of the diagnosis. Infectious uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya can present with characteristic clinical features and imaging findings on ancillary investigations; that may provide clue to the early diagnosis. Use of modern imaging modalities such as enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography and ultra-wide field fundus photography greatly aid in the evaluation of these conditions. In the current review, we have discussed the epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and management of uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya.
Topics: Asia; Eye Infections; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Prevalence; Uveitis
PubMed: 30315262
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0224-y -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Sep 2015New technical and clinical developments of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging include improved detection, localization and staging as well as active surveillance... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
New technical and clinical developments of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging include improved detection, localization and staging as well as active surveillance of prostate cancer. Multiparametric MRI can best answer these typical clinical questions. However, ultrasound elastography seems to be suitable for the detection of significant prostate cancer as well. The structured reporting system for multiparametric MRI of the prostate according to PI-RADS Version 1 led to improved and reproducible diagnosis of prostate cancer. The new PI-RADS Version 2 aims to minimize the limitations of Version 1 and make PI-RADS standardization more globally acceptable.
KEY POINTS
The detection, staging, and active monitoring of prostate cancer are common clinical questions. The best method for answering these questions is multiparametric MRI. Ultrasound elastography also seems to be suitable for the detection of significant prostate cancer. The new PI-RADS Version 2 claims to eliminate the limitations of PI-RADS Version 1 and to allow globally recognized standardized diagnostic reporting.
Topics: Germany; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical Oncology; Multimodal Imaging; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiology; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 26114251
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553162 -
Current Cardiology Reports Mar 2022This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use of integrated nuclear imaging and fluoroscopy for intraprocedural guidance in the evaluation and treatment of both cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although there are no commercially available real-time hybrid nuclear imaging devices that are approved for use in the interventional suite, prototype open gantry hybrid nuclear imaging and x-ray c-arm imaging systems and theranostic catheter for location radiotracer detection are currently undergoing development and testing by multiple groups. The integration of physiological and molecular targeted nuclear imaging for real-time delivery of targeted theranostics in the interventional laboratory may enable more personalized care for a wide variety of cardiovascular procedures and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Fluoroscopy; Heart; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Multimodal Imaging; Radiography, Interventional; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35028819
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01644-1 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2017PET/MR imaging benefits neurologic clinical care and research by providing spatially and temporally matched anatomic MR imaging, advanced MR physiologic imaging, and... (Review)
Review
PET/MR imaging benefits neurologic clinical care and research by providing spatially and temporally matched anatomic MR imaging, advanced MR physiologic imaging, and metabolic PET imaging. MR imaging sequences and PET tracers can be modified to target physiology specific to a neurologic disease process, with applications in neurooncology, epilepsy, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, and psychiatric and neurologic research. Simultaneous PET/MR imaging provides efficient acquisition of multiple temporally matched datasets, and opportunities for motion correction and improved anatomic assignment of PET data. Current challenges include optimizing MR imaging-based attenuation correction and necessity for dual expertise in PET and MR imaging.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Nervous System Diseases; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28390530
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.003