-
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2017PET/MR is a promising multimodality imaging approach. Attenuation is by far the largest correction required for quantitative PET imaging. MR-based attenuation correction... (Review)
Review
PET/MR is a promising multimodality imaging approach. Attenuation is by far the largest correction required for quantitative PET imaging. MR-based attenuation correction have been extensively pursued, especially for brain imaging, in the past several years. In this article, we review atlas and direct imaging MR-based PET attenuation correction methods. The technical principles behind these methods are detailed and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28390526
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.001 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jun 2024Optoacoustic (OA) imaging offers powerful capabilities for interrogating biological tissues with rich optical absorption contrast while maintaining high spatial... (Review)
Review
Optoacoustic (OA) imaging offers powerful capabilities for interrogating biological tissues with rich optical absorption contrast while maintaining high spatial resolution for deep tissue observations. The spectrally distinct absorption of visible and near-infrared photons by endogenous tissue chromophores facilitates extraction of diverse anatomic, functional, molecular, and metabolic information from living tissues across various scales, from organelles and cells to whole organs and organisms. The primarily blood-related contrast and limited penetration depth of OA imaging have fostered the development of multimodal approaches to fully exploit the unique advantages and complementarity of the method. We review the recent hybridization efforts, including multimodal combinations of OA with ultrasound, fluorescence, optical coherence tomography, Raman scattering microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging as well as ionizing methods, such as X-ray computed tomography, single-photon-emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Considering that most molecules absorb light across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the OA interrogations can be extended to a large number of exogenously administered small molecules, particulate agents, and genetically encoded labels. This unique property further makes contrast moieties used in other imaging modalities amenable for OA sensing.
Topics: Photoacoustic Techniques; Humans; Contrast Media; Animals; Multimodal Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38738633
DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00565h -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2017Combined PET/MR imaging scanners capable of acquiring simultaneously the complementary information provided by the 2 imaging modalities are now available for human use.... (Review)
Review
Combined PET/MR imaging scanners capable of acquiring simultaneously the complementary information provided by the 2 imaging modalities are now available for human use. After addressing the hardware challenges for integrating the 2 imaging modalities, most of the efforts in the field have focused on developing MR-based attenuation correction methods for neurologic and whole-body applications, implementing approaches for improving one modality by using the data provided by the other and exploring research and clinical applications that could benefit from the synergistic use of the multimodal data.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28390525
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.01.002 -
Cancer Mar 2015The authors review methods for image-guided diagnosis and therapy that increase precision in the detection, characterization, and localization of many forms of cancer to... (Review)
Review
The authors review methods for image-guided diagnosis and therapy that increase precision in the detection, characterization, and localization of many forms of cancer to achieve optimal target definition and complete resection or ablation. A new model of translational, clinical, image-guided therapy research is presented, and the Advanced Multimodality Image-Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite is described. AMIGO was conceived and designed to allow for the full integration of imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Examples are drawn from over 500 procedures performed on brain, neck, spine, thorax (breast, lung), and pelvis (prostate and gynecologic) areas and are used to describe how they address some of the many challenges of treating brain, prostate, and lung tumors. Cancer 2015;121:817-827. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Radiography
PubMed: 25204551
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29012 -
The British Journal of Radiology Dec 2019Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis which can have a broad range of clinical and radiological presentations. Typically, ECD affects... (Review)
Review
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis which can have a broad range of clinical and radiological presentations. Typically, ECD affects multiple organ systems, with skeletal involvement present in almost all ECD patients and cardiothoracic manifestations in more than half. Cardiac and thoracic involvement contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in affected patients and may have prognostic implications. The diagnosis of ECD can be challenging due to its rarity and similarity to other systemic disease processes. Although the diagnosis can be suggested on imaging, histopathology and immunohistochemistry are required for confirmation. We describe the multimodal imaging features of mediastinal, cardiac, pleural and lung parenchymal ECD. This review identifies the most common radiological manifestations of cardiac and thoracic ECD on contrast-enhanced CT, fluorine-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT and cardiac MRI, and highlights the role of these cross-sectional techniques in disease diagnosis.
Topics: Contrast Media; Erdheim-Chester Disease; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Heart Diseases; Humans; Lung Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mediastinal Diseases; Multimodal Imaging; Pleural Diseases; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31386554
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190473 -
PET Clinics Apr 2019PET-based cardiac nuclear imaging plays a large role in the management of ischemic heart disease. Compared with conventional single-photon emission CT myocardial... (Review)
Review
PET-based cardiac nuclear imaging plays a large role in the management of ischemic heart disease. Compared with conventional single-photon emission CT myocardial perfusion imaging, PET provides superior accuracy in diagnosis of coronary artery disease and, with the incorporation of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve, adds value in assessing prognosis for established coronary and microvascular disease. This review describes these and other uses of PET in ischemic heart disease, including assessing myocardial viability in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Developments in novel PET flow tracers and molecular imaging tools to assess atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, vascular calcification, and vascular remodeling also are described.
Topics: Computed Tomography Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Circulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 30826019
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2018.12.003 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2022To describe clinical and multimodal imaging features in a cohort of choroidal macrovessels. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIMS
To describe clinical and multimodal imaging features in a cohort of choroidal macrovessels.
METHODS
Demographics and multimodal imaging features of 16 eyes of 13 patients with choroidal macrovessels were reviewed. The multimodal imaging included colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral domain enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), B-scan ultrasonography (US), fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
RESULTS
Three patients had bilateral involvement. On colour fundus photography, three patterns were evident (a clearly visible orange-red vessel; a track of pigmentary changes; spots of mild pigmentary changes). Vessel orientation was horizontal (11 eyes), oblique (4 eyes) or vertical (1 eye). In 2 eyes, the vessel was extra-macular. OCT in all cases showed a hyporeflective choroidal area with posterior shadowing and elevation of the overlying retina. Subretinal fluid was present in 4 eyes. FAF (12 eyes) was normal (7 eyes) or showed a hypofluorescent/hyperfluorescent track (4 eyes) or linear hyperautofluorescence (1 eye). En-face OCT (2 eyes) revealed the course of the macrovessel at the level of choroid and choriocapillaris. On OCT-A (2 eyes) the vessel had a reflectivity similar to surrounding vessels but larger diameter. B-scan US (8 eyes) showed a nodular hypoechogenic lesion. FFA (5 eyes) showed early focal hyperfluorescence (4 eyes) not increasing in later phases, or was normal (1 eye). ICGA (6 eyes) showed early hyperfluorescence of the vessel.
CONCLUSIONS
Choroidal macrovessels can mimic other entities, leading to underdiagnosis. Appreciating relevant features on different imaging modalities will aid a correct diagnosis.
Topics: Choroid; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 33397653
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318095 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jul 2016This paper reports ultrasound-assisted optical imaging of chemiluminescent probes in biological tissue. A focused low power ultrasound sonochemically enhances a... (Review)
Review
This paper reports ultrasound-assisted optical imaging of chemiluminescent probes in biological tissue. A focused low power ultrasound sonochemically enhances a peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (CL) that involves indocyanine green (ICG) as luminescent pigments. By scanning the focus, it produces tomographic images of CL in scattering media. The authors demonstrate imaging using a slab of porcine muscle measuring 50 × 50 × 75 mm, in which a capsuled CL reagent is embedded at 25 mm depth. Spatial resolution of imaging and concentration characteristics of CL reagents to enhanced CL intensity are also studied to evaluate the potential for use in bio-imaging applications with exploring the CL enhancement mechanisms. CL enhancement ratio, defined as the ratio of ultrasonically enhanced CL intensity to the base intensity without ultrasound irradiation, was found to be constant even in varying ICG and oxidizer concentrations, implying to be applicable for quantitative determination of these molecules.
Topics: Luminescence; Multimodal Imaging; Tomography
PubMed: 26964918
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.027 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2022Modern pediatric imaging seeks to provide not only exceptional anatomic detail but also physiologic and metabolic information of the pathology in question with as little... (Review)
Review
Modern pediatric imaging seeks to provide not only exceptional anatomic detail but also physiologic and metabolic information of the pathology in question with as little radiation penalty as possible. Hybrid PET/MR imaging combines exquisite soft-tissue information obtained by MR imaging with functional information provided by PET, including metabolic markers, receptor binding, perfusion, and neurotransmitter release data. In pediatric neuro-oncology, PET/MR imaging is, in many ways, ideal for follow-up compared with PET/CT, given the superiority of MR imaging in neuroimaging compared with CT and the lower radiation dose, which is relevant in serial imaging and long-term follow-up of pediatric patients. In addition, although MR imaging is the main imaging technique for the evaluation of spinal pathology, PET/MR imaging may provide useful information in several clinical scenarios, including tumor staging and follow-up, treatment response assessment of spinal malignancies, and vertebral osteomyelitis. This review article covers neuropediatric applications of PET/MR imaging in addition to considerations regarding radiopharmaceuticals, imaging protocols, and current challenges to clinical implementation.
Topics: Child; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35512826
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7464 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Jun 2021Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein deposits in the myocardial interstitium. Although advanced CA confers... (Review)
Review
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein deposits in the myocardial interstitium. Although advanced CA confers significant morbidity and mortality, the magnitude of deposition and ensuing clinical manifestations vary greatly. Thus, an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis at both cellular and functional levels would afford critical insights that may improve outcomes. This review will summarize contemporary therapies for the 2 major types of CA, transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis, and outline the capacity of imaging modalities to both diagnose CA, inform prognosis, and follow response to available therapies. We explore the current landscape of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and bone scintigraphy in the assessment of functional and cellular parameters of dysfunction in CA throughout disease pathogenesis. Finally, we examine the impact of concurrent advances in both therapeutics and imaging on future research questions that improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Multimodal imaging in CA affords an indispensable tool to offer individualized treatment plans and improve outcomes in patients with CA.
Topics: Biopsy; Cardiomyopathies; Disease Management; Disease Progression; Echocardiography; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardium; Prognosis
PubMed: 34129344
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.121.009025