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Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Feb 2022Snowboarding and skiing remain the two most popular winter sports worldwide. Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are common in snowboarding, and the number has increased... (Review)
Review
Snowboarding and skiing remain the two most popular winter sports worldwide. Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are common in snowboarding, and the number has increased significantly since the advent of snow parks. The number of injuries is the highest for novice snowboarders; more experienced boarders generally sustain more severe injuries. Snowboarders can experience a wide array of MSK injuries, but some injury types are more frequently encountered because of the specific injury mechanism unique to snowboarding. This article reviews the most common snowboarding injuries with a focus on the current understanding of the injury mechanism and provides an approach to imaging.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Skiing
PubMed: 35139559
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731702 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2019To identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Five online databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane) were searched up to November 2018 to identify eligible citations.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Articles were included if they were published in English, were quantitative studies and measured a symptom-level anxiety outcome in competing or retired athletes at the professional (including professional youth), Olympic or collegiate/university levels.
RESULTS AND SUMMARY
We screened 1163 articles; 61 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias for included studies was low. Athletes and non-athletes had no differences in anxiety profiles (=-0.11, p=0.28). Pooled effect sizes, demonstrating moderate effects, were identified for (1) career dissatisfaction (=0.45; higher anxiety in dissatisfied athletes), (2) gender (=0.38; higher anxiety in female athletes), (3) age (=-0.34; higher anxiety for younger athletes) and (4) musculoskeletal injury (=0.31; higher anxiety for injured athletes). A small pooled effect was found for recent adverse life events (=0.26)-higher anxiety in athletes who had experienced one or more recent adverse life events.
CONCLUSION
Determinants of anxiety in elite populations broadly reflect those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should be aware of these general and athlete-specific determinants of anxiety among elite athletes.
Topics: Age Factors; Anxiety; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Female; Humans; Male; Musculoskeletal System; Personal Satisfaction; Sex Factors
PubMed: 31097452
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620 -
Science Advances Dec 2023Musculoskeletal disorders contribute substantially to worldwide disability. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears result in unresolved muscle weakness and posttraumatic...
Musculoskeletal disorders contribute substantially to worldwide disability. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears result in unresolved muscle weakness and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following ACL injury. We investigated GDF8 levels in ACL-injured human skeletal muscle and serum and tested a humanized monoclonal GDF8 antibody against a placebo in a mouse model of PTOA (surgically induced ACL tear). In patients, muscle GDF8 was predictive of atrophy, weakness, and periarticular bone loss 6 months following surgical ACL reconstruction. In mice, GDF8 antibody administration substantially mitigated muscle atrophy, weakness, and fibrosis. GDF8 antibody treatment rescued the skeletal muscle and articular cartilage transcriptomic response to ACL injury and attenuated PTOA severity and deficits in periarticular bone microarchitecture. Furthermore, GDF8 genetic deletion neutralized musculoskeletal deficits in response to ACL injury. Our findings support an opportunity for rapid targeting of GDF8 to enhance functional musculoskeletal recovery and mitigate the severity of PTOA after injury.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Muscle, Skeletal; Myostatin; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 38019905
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9134 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Oct 2023Peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation is an orthopaedic condition that usually occurs as a result of injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum. The peroneal... (Review)
Review
Peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation is an orthopaedic condition that usually occurs as a result of injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum. The peroneal muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the leg, and their tendons run in the retromalleolar groove anchored by the superior peroneal retinaculum. Peroneal instability is usually classified using the Eckert and Davies classification, which was modified by Oden into a four-point grading system. The mechanism of injury is typically sudden forced dorsiflexion, resulting in aggressive tautness of the peroneal tendons, combined with a forced eversion of the hindfoot. Plain X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for imaging of the injury and in planning for surgery. Operative management has high success rates and there are multiple surgical techniques available, including superior peroneal retinaculum repair, tenoplasty, bone block procedures, groove deepening and endoscopic approaches, with little variation in outcome found between the approaches.
Topics: Humans; Tendon Injuries; Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Tendons; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 37906073
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0257 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports 2015Research regarding musculoskeletal injury risk has focused primarily on anatomical, neuromuscular, hormonal, and environmental risk factors; however, subsequent injury... (Review)
Review
Research regarding musculoskeletal injury risk has focused primarily on anatomical, neuromuscular, hormonal, and environmental risk factors; however, subsequent injury risk screening and intervention programs have been largely limited to neuromuscular factors and have faced challenges in both implementation and efficacy. Recent studies indicate that poor neurocognitive performance, either at baseline or in the aftermath of a concussion, is associated with elevated risk of musculoskeletal injury. Despite the relatively limited current understanding regarding the nature of the relationship between different aspects of neurocognitive performance and musculoskeletal injury risk, this is a promising area of research that may yield significant advances in musculoskeletal injury risk stratification, rehabilitation, and prevention.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 25968852
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000157 -
Experimental Eye Research May 2023The role of collagen XII in regulating injury repair and reestablishment of corneal function is unknown. This manuscript aims to investigate the role(s) of collagen XII...
The role of collagen XII in regulating injury repair and reestablishment of corneal function is unknown. This manuscript aims to investigate the role(s) of collagen XII in the repair of incisional and debridement injuries in an adult mouse model. Two different types of injury in wild type and Col12a1 corneas were created to investigate the effects of collagen XII -in wound repair and scar formation-by using clinical photographs, immunohistology, second harmonic generation imaging and electron microscopy. Results showed that collagen XII is a regulator of wound closure after incisional injuries. Absence of collagen XII retarded wound closure and the wound healing process. These findings show that collagen XII regulates fibrillogenesis, CD68 cell lineage infiltration, and myofibroblast survival following injury. In vitro studies suggest that collagen XII regulates deposition of an early and provisional matrix by interacting with two proteins regulating early matrix deposition: fibronectin and LTBP1(latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 1). In conclusion, collagen XII regulates tissue repair in corneal incisional wounds. Understanding the function of collagen XII during wound healing has significant translational value.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Collagen; Cornea; Cicatrix; Corneal Injuries; Microscopy, Electron
PubMed: 36967080
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109456 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Oct 2017Musculoskeletal injuries cause a significant burden to society and can have a considerable impact on patient morbidity and mortality. It was initially thought that these... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal injuries cause a significant burden to society and can have a considerable impact on patient morbidity and mortality. It was initially thought that these patients were too sick to undergo surgery and later believed that they were too sick not to undergo surgery. The pendulum has subsequently swung back and forth between damage control orthopedics and early total care for polytrauma patients with extremity injuries and has settled on providing early appropriate care (EAC). The decision-making process in providing EAC is reviewed in an effort to optimize patient outcomes following severe extremity trauma.
Topics: Advanced Trauma Life Support Care; Fractures, Bone; Health Care Costs; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Musculoskeletal System; Orthopedic Procedures; Vascular System Injuries; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28958361
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2017.06.005 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Aug 2014Trauma is the leading cause of death during the first four decades of life in the developed countries. Its haemodynamic response underpins the patient's initial ability... (Review)
Review
Trauma is the leading cause of death during the first four decades of life in the developed countries. Its haemodynamic response underpins the patient's initial ability to survive, and the response to treatment and subsequent morbidity and resolution. Trauma causes a number of insults including haemorrhage, tissue injury (nociception) and, predominantly, in military casualties, blast from explosions. This article discusses aspects of the haemodynamic responses to these insults and subsequent treatment. 'Simple' haemorrhage (blood loss without significant volume of tissue damage) causes a biphasic response: mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) is initially maintained by the baroreflex (tachycardia and increased vascular resistance, Phase 1), followed by a sudden decrease in MAP initiated by a second reflex (decrease in vascular resistance and bradycardia, Phase 2). Phase 2 may be protective. The response to tissue injury attenuates Phase 2 and may cause a deleterious haemodynamic redistribution that compromises blood flow to some vital organs. In contrast, thoracic blast exposure augments Phase 2 of the response to haemorrhage. However, hypoxaemia from lung injury limits the effectiveness of hypotensive resuscitation by augmenting the attendant shock state. An alternative strategy ('hybrid resuscitation') whereby tissue perfusion is increased after the first hour of hypotensive resuscitation by adopting a revised normotensive target may ameliorate these problems. Finally, morphine also attenuates Phase 2 of the response to haemorrhage in some, but not all, species and this is associated with poor outcome. The impact on human patients is currently unknown and is the subject of a current physiological investigation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Blast Injuries; Healthy Volunteers; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Oxygen Consumption; Resuscitation; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 25038158
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu232 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... May 2024Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary diagnostic tool. New applications such as elastography and 3 D vascularization are used for special indications.
METHOD
The purpose of this review is to present the current status of ultrasound in the diagnosis of sports injuries and sport traumatology including established applications and new technical advances. US is presented both in its comparison to other imaging modalities and as a sole diagnostic tool.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
US can be used for initial diagnosis to improve the clinical examination and for intensive short-term follow-up imaging. The main areas of application are currently the diagnosis of acute muscle and tendon injuries as well as overuse injuries. In particular, the exclusion of structural muscle injuries can be adequately ensured with US in the majority of anatomical regions. The recently published guideline on fracture ultrasound has strengthened the clinical evidence in this area, especially in comparison to conventional radiography and in the development of algorithms and standards. The increasing use of mobile ultrasound equipment with adequate image quality makes US a location-independent modality that can also be used at training sites or during road games.
KEY POINTS
· Typically used for quick, focused initial diagnostic assessment and short-term follow-up after injury. · Mobile US devices allow increased use in training centers and training camps. · New US applications (SWE, 3 D) increase standardization in follow-up of tendon injuries. · Targeted use of US for musculoskeletal diagnostic assessment saves money and frees up capacity.
CITATION FORMAT
· Lerchbaumer MH, Perschk M, Gwinner C. Ultrasound in sports traumatology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 440 - 449.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Ultrasonography; Tendon Injuries; Sports Medicine; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Muscle, Skeletal; Traumatology
PubMed: 37944936
DOI: 10.1055/a-2185-8264 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2021
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Automobile Driving; Brain Concussion; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Military Personnel; Musculoskeletal System; Parents; Post-Concussion Syndrome; Research; Soccer; Sports Medicine; Students
PubMed: 33453432
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.005