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Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Nov 2015Inflammation is a variable feature of osteoarthritis (OA), associated with joint symptoms and progression of disease. Signs of inflammation can be observed in joint... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is a variable feature of osteoarthritis (OA), associated with joint symptoms and progression of disease. Signs of inflammation can be observed in joint fluids and tissues from patients with joint injuries at risk for development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Furthermore, inflammatory mechanisms are hypothesized to contribute to the risk of OA development and progression after injury. Animal models of PTOA have been instrumental in understanding factors and mechanisms involved in chronic progressive cartilage degradation observed after a predisposing injury. Specific aspects of inflammation observed in humans, including cytokine and chemokine production, synovial reaction, cellular infiltration and inflammatory pathway activation, are also observed in models of PTOA. Many of these models are now being utilized to understand the impact of post-injury inflammatory response on PTOA development and progression, including risk of progressive cartilage degeneration and development of chronic symptoms post-injury. As evidenced from these models, a vigorous inflammatory response occurs very early after joint injury but is then sustained at a lower level at the later phases. This early inflammatory response contributes to the development of PTOA features including cartilage erosion and is potentially modifiable, but specific mediators may also play a role in tissue repair. Although the optimal approach and timing of anti-inflammatory interventions after joint injury are yet to be determined, this body of work should provide hope for the future of disease modification tin PTOA.
Topics: Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Disease Progression; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Joints; Osteoarthritis; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 26521728
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.08.015 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2023Irish dance is growing in popularity, evolving to a more athletic and demanding dance style. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review, previously... (Review)
Review
Irish dance is growing in popularity, evolving to a more athletic and demanding dance style. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review, previously registered with PROSPERO, to identify the prevalence, incidence, and the injury pattern among Irish dancers and analyse the associated risk factors. Six online databases and two dance-specific science publications were searched systematically. Studies were included if the patterns of injuries among Irish dancers were evaluated or the factors associated with injury were analysed, published in English or Portuguese, in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Four reviewers assessed the quality and level of evidence using the Downs and Black criteria and a modified Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine 2009 model, respectively. Eleven articles were included, eight of Level 3c (cross-sectional) and three of Level 3b (prospective). Mean DB percentage score was 63% ± 7.2%. Prevalence ranged from 72.2% to 92.6%, affecting mostly the foot/ankle complex. Only two articles reported incidence, which ranged from 3.4 to 10.6 injuries/1000 h danced depending on injury definition. Psychological factors, elite level, and insufficient/poor sleep were associated with musculoskeletal injury. Injury prevalence and incidence is high in Irish dancers, with the foot and ankle being more affected. Due to heterogeneity in injury definitions, methods, and populations, along with the need for improvement in studies quality, recommendations were made for future research.
Topics: Humans; Dancing; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Sleep Deprivation; Risk Factors; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 37372775
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126190 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Apr 2020The skin, nerves, and tendons are superficial anatomical structures that can easily be investigated with an ultrasound (US) examination in the emergency department (ED).... (Review)
Review
The skin, nerves, and tendons are superficial anatomical structures that can easily be investigated with an ultrasound (US) examination in the emergency department (ED). US evaluation is relatively underused in musculoskeletal evaluation when compared with other emergency applications, such as abdominal trauma, possible aortic aneurysm, and in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this article is to revise the main bone and soft tissue conditions that can be assessed using US in the ED.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Ultrasonography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 32438442
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402050 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2014To identify all reported cases of injury and other problems caused by using a Nintendo video gaming system. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify all reported cases of injury and other problems caused by using a Nintendo video gaming system.
DESIGN
Review.
DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS
Search of PubMed and Embase in June 2014 for reports on injuries and other problems caused by using a Nintendo gaming system.
RESULTS
Most of the 38 articles identified were case reports or case series. Injuries and problems ranged from neurological and psychological to surgical. Traditional controllers with buttons were associated with tendinitis of the extensor of the thumb. The joystick on the Nintendo 64 controller was linked to palmar ulceration. The motion sensitive Wii remote was associated with musculoskeletal problems and various traumas.
CONCLUSIONS
Most problems are mild and prevalence is low. The described injuries were related to the way the games are controlled, which varies according to the video game console.
Topics: Enuresis; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Posture; Prevalence; Seizures; Severity of Illness Index; Tendinopathy; Ulcer; Video Games; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 25515525
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g7267 -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... May 2022The study aimed to analyse the association between Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) and Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury (MSK) in United Kingdom university-aged rugby...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to analyse the association between Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) and Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury (MSK) in United Kingdom university-aged rugby union players whilst considering the effects of sex, athlete playing position and injury location.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study. A period of 365 days with 0-90, 91-180 and 181-365 days sub-periods was analysed for the following variables; MSK injury incidence, occurrence, severity, injury location, playing position and sex.
SETTING
Injury data was collected from the Sports Development Centre database at Loughborough University.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 408 injuries in 181 athletes (55 females and 126 males) were included.
RESULTS
The MSK injury incidence of SRC group was significantly higher than control and higher post-SRC than pre-SRC period over a 365-day period (p=0.012 and p=0.034, respectively). The odds ratios of MSK injury incidence between groups and between periods were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.10-2.25) and 1.57 (95% CI ,1.08-2.29). A SRC was not associated with a greater time loss from a subsequent MSK injury or a specific MSK injury location.
CONCLUSIONS
Athletes with a second recorded injury were more likely to sustain a MSK injury if they had experienced SRC, however, there was no indication a SRC resulted in greater time loss from a MSK injury.
Topics: Aged; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Rugby; Universities
PubMed: 35588646
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.05.001 -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Aug 2014Practitioners of endoscopy often experience musculoskeletal pain and injury (most often in the back, neck, shoulders, hands, wrists, and thumbs) that are associated with... (Review)
Review
Practitioners of endoscopy often experience musculoskeletal pain and injury (most often in the back, neck, shoulders, hands, wrists, and thumbs) that are associated with the minute and repetitive strain that is placed on these areas during endoscopic procedures. This review of the current documentation of endoscopy-related pain and injuries among practitioners finds that such problems are widespread and specific in kind as well as strongly correlated with high procedure volume and procedure duration. Research on the nature and impact of cumulative trauma and overuse syndromes in other professions such as dentistry, pianists, production labor, and athletics is brought to bear on the work of the endoscopist. A more thorough understanding of the nature and prevalence of work-related pain and injury sustained by endoscopists should inform further development of ergonomic practices and equipment design. This article reviews current recommendations for ergonomic design in the endoscopy procedure space and finds that reported compliance with those recommendations is quite low. Strategies for the management of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries related to the practice of endoscopy include compliance with currently recommended ergonomic practices, education of trainees in ergonomic technique when practicing endoscopy, and research toward the modification and development of more ergonomic endoscopes and procedure spaces.
Topics: Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Endoscopy; Ergonomics; Humans; Musculoskeletal Pain; Musculoskeletal System; Occupational Injuries; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24798940
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000134 -
Journal of Athletic Training Jun 2020Detection of subtle changes in brain sensorimotor processes may enable clinicians to identify athletes who would derive the greatest benefit from interventions designed...
CONTEXT
Detection of subtle changes in brain sensorimotor processes may enable clinicians to identify athletes who would derive the greatest benefit from interventions designed to reduce the risk for future injury and progressive neurologic or musculoskeletal dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a generalizable statistical model for identifying athletes who possess subtle alterations in sensorimotor processes that may be due to previous concussion.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Residential Olympic Training Center sports medicine clinic.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A primary cohort of 35 elite athletes and a secondary cohort of 40 elite athletes who performed identical tests the preceding year.
INTERVENTION(S)
Two upper extremity tests of visual-motor reaction time and 2 tests of whole-body reactive agility were administered. The whole-body tests required lateral or diagonal responses to virtual-reality targets, which provided measures of reaction time, speed, acceleration, and deceleration.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Sport-related concussion history, which was reported by 54% (n = 19) of the athletes in the primary cohort and 45% (n = 18) of the athletes in the secondary cohort.
RESULTS
Univariable analyses identified 12 strong predictors of sport-related concussion history, which we combined to create a composite metric with maximum predictive value. Composite lateral asymmetry for whole-body reactive movements and persisting effects of previous musculoskeletal injury yielded a logistic regression model with exceptionally good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.845) and calibration (predicted-observed probabilities within 7 subgroups: r = 0.959, P = .001). Application of the derived model to compatible data acquired from another cohort of elite athletes demonstrated very good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.772) and calibration (within 8 subgroups: r = 0.849, P = .008).
CONCLUSIONS
Asymmetry in whole-body reactive movement capabilities may be a manifestation of a subtle abnormality in the functional connectivity of brain networks that might be relevant to previously reported associations between sport-related concussion history and musculoskeletal injury occurrence.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Neurophysiology; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32396473
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0401.19 -
BMJ Open Jan 2016To conduct the first systematic review from an epidemiological perspective regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To conduct the first systematic review from an epidemiological perspective regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis (OA) and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions.
SETTING
A systematic review of international peer-reviewed scientific literature across seven major languages.
DATA SOURCES
Searches were conducted on seven major bibliographic databases in July 2015 to initially identify all scholarly articles on high-heeled shoes. Supplementary manual searches were conducted. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were sequentially screened to identify all articles assessing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, OA and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment (Threats to Validity tool) were conducted.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Musculoskeletal pain or OA as assessed by clinical diagnosis or clinical assessment tool. First-party or second-party injury.
RESULTS
644 unique records were identified, 56 full-text articles were screened and 18 studies included in the review. Four studies assessed the relationship with hallux valgus and three found a significant association. Two studies assessed the association with OA and neither found a significant association. Five studies assessed the association with musculoskeletal pain and three found a significant association. Eight studies assessed first-party injury and seven found evidence of a significant injury toll associated with high-heeled shoes. One study provided data on second-party injury and the injury toll was low.
CONCLUSIONS
High-heeled shoes were shown to be associated with hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain and first-party injury. No conclusive evidence regarding OA and second-party injury was found. Societal and clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. Concern is expressed about the expectation to wear high-heeled shoes in some work and social situations and access by children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hallux Valgus; Humans; Musculoskeletal Pain; Musculoskeletal System; Osteoarthritis; Shoes; Sprains and Strains; Young Adult
PubMed: 26769789
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010053 -
Sports Health 2017Injury data on hip and groin injuries vary, and these injuries are often misrepresented or overlooked for more commonly seen injuries, such as those to the foot and... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Injury data on hip and groin injuries vary, and these injuries are often misrepresented or overlooked for more commonly seen injuries, such as those to the foot and ankle.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a systematic review of the injury rates of hip and groin pathology in dancers and look to establish a better understanding of the occurrence of hip and groin injuries in the dancer population.
DATA SOURCES
A literature search was performed using PubMed and CINAHL databases for articles published between 2000 and 2016.
STUDY SELECTION
Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) documentation of the number of hip and/or groin injuries, (2) study population consisting of dancers whose training included some level of ballet, and (3) studies of levels 1 through 3 evidence.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
DATA EXTRACTION
A single reviewer identified studies that met the inclusion criteria. The number of overall injuries, hip/groin injuries, study participants, injured participants, training hours per week, mean age of study group, injury definition, injury reporting method, and study time frame were extracted.
RESULTS
Thirteen unique studies were included in the descriptive analysis. Of the 2001 dancers included in this study, 3527 musculoskeletal injuries were seen in 1553 dancers. Of these, 345 injuries were localized to the hip and groin region (overall rate, 17.2%). An incidence rate of 0.09 hip and groin injuries per 1000 dance-hours was seen in the selected cohort studies. Of 462 professional dancers, 128 hip/groin injuries were recorded, for an injury rate of 27.7%. Of the 1539 student dancers, 217 hip/groin injuries were recorded, for an injury rate of 14.1% ( P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Data on hip and groin injuries have many limitations. However, these injuries represent an important health issue for dancers of all skill levels, encompassing 17.2% of musculoskeletal injuries seen in dancers. An increasing rate of hip/groin injuries is seen in professional dancers compared with students.
Topics: Dancing; Groin; Hip Injuries; Humans; Incidence; Musculoskeletal System
PubMed: 28783444
DOI: 10.1177/1941738117724159 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Jun 2019Diseases that jeopardize the musculoskeletal system and cause chronic impairment are prevalent throughout the Western world. In Germany alone, ~1.8 million patients... (Review)
Review
Diseases that jeopardize the musculoskeletal system and cause chronic impairment are prevalent throughout the Western world. In Germany alone, ~1.8 million patients suffer from these diseases annually, and medical expenses have been reported to reach 34.2bn Euros. Although musculoskeletal disorders are seldom fatal, they compromise quality of life and diminish functional capacity. For example, musculoskeletal disorders incur an annual loss of over 0.8 million workforce years to the German economy. Among these diseases, traumatic skeletal muscle injuries are especially problematic because they can occur owing to a variety of causes and are very challenging to treat. In contrast to chronic muscle diseases such as dystrophy, sarcopenia, or cachexia, traumatic muscle injuries inflict damage to localized muscle groups. Although minor muscle trauma heals without severe consequences, no reliable clinical strategy exists to prevent excessive fibrosis or fatty degeneration, both of which occur after severe traumatic injury and contribute to muscle degeneration and dysfunction. Of the many proposed strategies, cell-based approaches have shown the most promising results in numerous pre-clinical studies and have demonstrated success in the handful of clinical trials performed so far. A number of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types benefit muscle healing, either by directly participating in new tissue formation or by stimulating the endogenous processes of muscle repair. These cell types operate via distinct modes of action, and they demonstrate varying levels of feasibility for muscle regeneration depending, to an extent, on the muscle injury model used. While in some models the injury naturally resolves over time, other models have been developed to recapitulate the peculiarities of real-life injuries and therefore mimic the structural and functional impairment observed in humans. Existing limitations of cell therapy approaches include issues related to autologous harvesting, expansion and sorting protocols, optimal dosage, and viability after transplantation. Several clinical trials have been performed to treat skeletal muscle injuries using myogenic progenitor cells or multipotent stromal cells, with promising outcomes. Recent improvements in our understanding of cell behaviour and the mechanistic basis for their modes of action have led to a new paradigm in cell therapies where physical, chemical, and signalling cues presented through biomaterials can instruct cells and enhance their regenerative capacity. Altogether, these studies and experiences provide a positive outlook on future opportunities towards innovative cell-based solutions for treating traumatic muscle injuries-a so far unmet clinical need.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Muscle Development; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Quality of Life; Regeneration; Soft Tissue Injuries; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30843380
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12416