-
Journal of Sport and Health Science Sep 2021Running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs), especially stemming from overuse, frequently occur in runners. This study aimed to systematically review the literature...
OBJECTIVE
Running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs), especially stemming from overuse, frequently occur in runners. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and determine the incidence and prevalence proportion of RRMIs by anatomic location and specific pathology.
METHODS
An electronic database search with no date beginning restrictions was performed in SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE up to June 2020. Prospective studies were used to find the anatomic location and the incidence proportion of each RRMI, whereas retrospective or cross-sectional studies were used to find the prevalence proportion of each RRMI. A separate analysis for ultramarathon runners was performed.
RESULTS
The overall injury incidence and prevalence were 40.2% ± 18.8% and 44.6% ± 18.4% (mean ± SD), respectively. The knee, ankle, and lower leg accounted for the highest proportion of injury incidence, whereas the knee, lower leg, and foot/toes had the highest proportion of injury prevalence. Achilles tendinopathy (10.3%), medial tibial stress syndrome (9.4%), patellofemoral pain syndrome (6.3%), plantar fasciitis (6.1%), and ankle sprains (5.8%) accounted for the highest proportion of injury incidence, whereas patellofemoral pain syndrome (16.7%), medial tibial stress syndrome (9.1%), plantar fasciitis (7.9%), iliotibial band syndrome (7.9%), and Achilles tendinopathy (6.6%) had the highest proportion of injury prevalence. The ankle (34.5%), knee (28.1%), and lower leg (12.9%) were the 3 most frequently injured sites among ultramarathoners.
CONCLUSION
The injury incidence proportions by anatomic location between ultramarathoners and non-ultramarathoners were not significantly different (p = 0.798). The pathologies with the highest incidence proportion of injuries were anterior compartment tendinopathy (19.4%), patellofemoral pain syndrome (15.8%), and Achilles tendinopathy (13.7%). The interpretation of epidemiological data in RRMIs is limited due to several methodological issues encountered.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Incidence; Musculoskeletal System; Prevalence; Running
PubMed: 33862272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001 -
Acta Orthopaedica Dec 2016The extent of ageing in the musculoskeletal system during the life course affects the quality and length of life. Loss of bone, degraded articular cartilage, and... (Review)
Review
The extent of ageing in the musculoskeletal system during the life course affects the quality and length of life. Loss of bone, degraded articular cartilage, and degenerate, narrowed intervertebral discs are primary features of an ageing skeleton, and together they contribute to pain and loss of mobility. This review covers the cellular constituents that make up some key components of the musculoskeletal system and summarizes discussion from the 2015 Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedic Symposium (AROS) (Regeneration in the Ageing Population) about how each particular cell type alters within the ageing skeletal microenvironment.
Topics: Aging; Bone and Bones; Cartilage, Articular; Cellular Senescence; Chondrocytes; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Musculoskeletal System
PubMed: 27748151
DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1244750 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma May 2019We aimed to produce comprehensive guidelines and recommendations that can be utilized by orthopaedic practices as well as other specialties to improve the management of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
We aimed to produce comprehensive guidelines and recommendations that can be utilized by orthopaedic practices as well as other specialties to improve the management of acute pain following musculoskeletal injury.
METHODS
A panel of 15 members with expertise in orthopaedic trauma, pain management, or both was convened to review the literature and develop recommendations on acute musculoskeletal pain management. The methods described by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group were applied to each recommendation. The guideline was submitted to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) for review and was approved on October 16, 2018.
RESULTS
We present evidence-based best practice recommendations and pain medication recommendations with the hope that they can be utilized by orthopaedic practices as well as other specialties to improve the management of acute pain following musculoskeletal injury. Recommendations are presented regarding pain management, cognitive strategies, physical strategies, strategies for patients on long term opioids at presentation, and system implementation strategies. We recommend the use of multimodal analgesia, prescribing the lowest effective immediate-release opioid for the shortest period possible, and considering regional anesthesia. We also recommend connecting patients to psychosocial interventions as indicated and considering anxiety reduction strategies such as aromatherapy. Finally, we also recommend physical strategies including ice, elevation, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Prescribing for patients on long term opioids at presentation should be limited to one prescriber. Both pain and sedation should be assessed regularly for inpatients with short, validated tools. Finally, the group supports querying the relevant regional and state prescription drug monitoring program, development of clinical decision support, opioid education efforts for prescribers and patients, and implementing a department or organization pain medication prescribing strategy or policy.
CONCLUSIONS
Balancing comfort and patient safety following acute musculoskeletal injury is possible when utilizing a true multimodal approach including cognitive, physical, and pharmaceutical strategies. In this guideline, we attempt to provide practical, evidence-based guidance for clinicians in both the operative and non-operative settings to address acute pain from musculoskeletal injury. We also organized and graded the evidence to both support recommendations and identify gap areas for future research.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Pain; Musculoskeletal System; Pain Management; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 30681429
DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001430 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Mar 2023PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are mechanosensitive cation channels that are highly expressed in numerous tissues throughout the body and exhibit diverse, cell-specific functions in... (Review)
Review
PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are mechanosensitive cation channels that are highly expressed in numerous tissues throughout the body and exhibit diverse, cell-specific functions in multiple organ systems. Within the musculoskeletal system, PIEZO1 functions to maintain muscle and bone mass, sense tendon stretch, and regulate senescence and apoptosis in response to mechanical stimuli within cartilage and the intervertebral disc. PIEZO2 is essential for transducing pain and touch sensations as well as proprioception in the nervous system, which can affect musculoskeletal health. PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 have been shown to act both independently as well as synergistically in different cell types. Conditions that alter PIEZO channel mechanosensitivity, such as inflammation or genetic mutations, can have drastic effects on these functions. For this reason, therapeutic approaches for PIEZO-related disease focus on altering PIEZO1 and/or PIEZO2 activity in a controlled manner, either through inhibition with small molecules, or through dietary control and supplementation to maintain a healthy cell membrane composition. Although many opportunities to better understand PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 remain, the studies summarized in this review highlight how crucial PIEZO channels are to musculoskeletal health and point to promising possible avenues for their modulation as a therapeutic target.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Ion Channels; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Muscles; Musculoskeletal System; Humans
PubMed: 36717101
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00544.2022 -
Anatomical Science International Mar 2022Although the hip joint is regarded as inherently stable, hip pain and injuries caused by traumatic/non-traumatic hip instability are relatively common in active... (Review)
Review
Although the hip joint is regarded as inherently stable, hip pain and injuries caused by traumatic/non-traumatic hip instability are relatively common in active individuals. A comprehensive understanding of hip anatomy may provide better insight into the relationships between hip stability and clinical problems. In this review, we present our recent findings on the hip morphological characteristics, especially focusing on the intramuscular tendon of the gluteus medius tendon and its insertion sites, hip capsular attachment on the anterosuperior region of the acetabular margin, and composition of the iliofemoral ligament. We further discussed the hip stabilization mechanism based on these findings. The characteristics of the gluteus medius tendon suggest that even a single muscle has multiple functional subunits within the muscle. In addition, the characteristics of the hip capsular attachment suggest that the width of the capsular attachment is wider than previously reported, and its wide area shows adaptive morphology to mechanical stress, such as bony impression and distribution of the fibrocartilage. The composition of the iliofemoral ligament and its relation to periarticular structures suggest that some ligaments should be defined based on the pericapsular structures, such as the joint capsule, tendon, and aponeurosis, and also have the ability to dynamically coordinate joint stability. These anatomical perspectives provide a better understanding of the hip stabilization mechanism, and a biomechanical study or an in vivo imaging study, considering these perspectives, is expected in the future.
Topics: Buttocks; Hip Joint; Humans; Joint Capsule; Ligaments, Articular; Tendons
PubMed: 34686966
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00638-3 -
American Family Physician Nov 2018Braces and splints can immobilize and protect joints, reduce pain, decrease swelling, and facilitate healing of acute injuries. They are also used for injury prevention... (Review)
Review
Braces and splints can immobilize and protect joints, reduce pain, decrease swelling, and facilitate healing of acute injuries. They are also used for injury prevention and chronic pain reduction, and to alter the function of a joint. The medial unloading (valgus) knee brace is an option for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis, but evidence of long-term benefit is limited. The patellar stabilizing brace helps maintain proper patellar alignment but has mixed results in treating patellofemoral pain syndrome. The patellar tendon strap is effective in treating pain from patellar tendinopathy. The knee immobilizing splint is used after surgery to prevent reinjury and for acute or presurgical management of quadriceps rupture, patellar tendon rupture, medial collateral ligament rupture, patellar fracture or dislocation, and other acute traumatic knee injuries. Use of a functional ankle brace is more effective than immobilization or a compression wrap in terms of functional outcomes after an acute ankle sprain and prevention of future ankle sprains. The thumb spica splint is effective for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and de Quervain tenosynovitis, and may be used for patients with suspected scaphoid fractures. A wrist splint has short-term effectiveness in treating symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome but may not be more effective than other conservative therapies.
Topics: Braces; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Splints
PubMed: 30365284
DOI: No ID Found -
Swiss Dental Journal Sep 2018The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the... (Review)
Review
The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the skull. This region is also referred to as the facial skeleton or viscerocranium. The muscles of the face include all mimetic muscles innervated by the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). Two masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis) that are supplied by the motoric portion of the cranial nerve V3 (mandibular nerve) also contribute to the contour of the face. The mimetic muscles (also known as facial muscles or skin muscles) generally originate from underlying bone surfaces and insert to the skin of the face or intermingle with other facial muscles. This complex musculature contributes to the functioning of the orofacial sense organs and the mediation of emotional and affective states (facial expression). Other soft tissue components of the face include the fasciae and fat compartments. The face commonly exhibits a superficial and a deep fascia, and various facial fat compartments are present.
Topics: Face; Facial Muscles; Facial Nerve; Masseter Muscle; Temporal Muscle
PubMed: 30056693
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2020
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32099718
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.11.004 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Dec 2021
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Joint Instability; Musculoskeletal System; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34559246
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06743-0 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2020
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Periodicals as Topic; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32783118
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00508-0