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Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma hominis; Soft Tissue Infections; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 36800686
DOI: 10.37201/req/115.2022 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Timely and accurate pathogen detection is crucial for proper...
BACKGROUND
Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Timely and accurate pathogen detection is crucial for proper clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. The low detection efficiency of conventional methods and low specificity using respiratory samples seriously hindered the accurate detection of pathogens.
METHODS
In this study, we retrospectively enrolled 1,032 children to evaluate the performance of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample and protected bronchial brushing (BB) sample in diagnosing pneumonia in children. In addition, conventional tests (CTs) were also performed.
RESULTS
The specificity of BB mNGS [67.3% (95% CI 58.6%-75.9%)] was significantly higher than that of BALF mNGS [38.5% (95% CI 12.0%-64.9%)]. The total coincidence rate of BB mNGS [77.6% (95% CI 74.8%-80.5%)] was slightly higher than that of BALF mNGS [76.5% (95% CI 68.8%-84.1%)] and CTs [38.5% (95% CI 35.2%-41.9%)]. During the epidemics of , the detection rate of in the >6-year group (81.8%) was higher than that in the 3-6-year (78.9%) and <3-year groups (21.5%). The highest detection rates of bacteria, fungi, and viruses were found in the <3-year, >6-year, and 3-6-year groups, respectively. mNGS detection should be performed at the duration of 5-7 days after the start of continuous anti-microbial therapy or at the duration of 6-9 days from onset to mNGS test.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report to evaluate the performance of BB mNGS in diagnosing pulmonary infections in children on a large scale. Based on our findings, extensive application of BB mNGS could be expected.
Topics: Humans; Child; Metagenomics; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Mycoplasma pneumoniae
PubMed: 37637461
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165432 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, were evaluated against and spp. The MICs of delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and two classical...
The activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, were evaluated against and spp. The MICs of delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and two classical fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) were tested against 29 and 67 spp. isolates using the broth microdilution method. The molecular mechanisms underlying fluoroquinolone resistance were also investigated. Delafloxacin exhibited low MICs against and spp., including the levofloxacin-resistant isolates. For , delafloxacin showed low MIC value of 1 μg/mL (MIC range, <0.031 -1 μg/mL) compared to 8 μg/mL for finafloxacin, 16 μg/mL for moxifloxacin, and 32 μg/mL for levofloxacin. For and , delafloxacin had low MIC values (, 2 μg/mL; , 4 μg/mL) compared to 16 -32 μg/mL for finafloxacin, 16 μg/mL for moxifloxacin, and 32 - >32 μg/mL for levofloxacin. The two mutations GyrA S153L and ParC S91I were commonly identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant , and ParC S83L was the most frequent mutation identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant spp. Delafloxacin displayed lower MICs against fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of both and spp. that have mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) than the two classical fluoroquinolones. Delafloxacin is a promising fluoroquinolone with low MICs against fluoroquinolone-resistant and spp. Our study confirms the potential clinical use of delafloxacin in treating antimicrobial-resistant and spp. infections. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma hominis and spp. is on the rise globally, which has compromised the efficacy of the currently available antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, for the first time, against and spp. clinical isolates. Delafloxacin and finafloxacin displayed different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles against and spp. . Delafloxacin was found to be more effective against and spp. than three classical fluoroquinolones (finafloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin). Finafloxacin displayed activity similar to moxifloxacin but superior to levofloxacin against and spp. Our findings demonstrate that delafloxacin is a promising fluoroquinolone with outstanding activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant and spp.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 35532225
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00099-22 -
Neonatology 2020Ureaplasma species (spp.) are commonly regarded as low-virulence colonizers of the genitourinary tract. Intrauterine Ureaplasma infection, however, has been associated... (Review)
Review
Ureaplasma species (spp.) are commonly regarded as low-virulence colonizers of the genitourinary tract. Intrauterine Ureaplasma infection, however, has been associated with chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. The overall impact of a neonatal Ureaplasma colonization is yet to be understood. High pathogen prevalence and frequent neurological morbidities particularly in immature preterm infants call for an assessment of the significance of Ureaplasma spp. in neonatal neuroinflammation. This narrative review summarizes clinical data, animal studies, and in vitro results to elucidate potential Ureaplasma-associated neurological morbidities as well as underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidence indicates an involvement of Ureaplasma spp. in invasive central nervous system infections, suggesting a meticulous ability of Ureaplasma spp. to interfere with immune defense mechanisms. Ultimately, Ureaplasma spp. should be considered as relevant pathogens in neonatal neuroinflammation.
Topics: Animals; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 33271546
DOI: 10.1159/000512019 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 2023Mycoplasma mobile is a fish pathogen that glides on solid surfaces by means of its own gliding machinery composed of internal and surface structures. In the present...
Mycoplasma mobile is a fish pathogen that glides on solid surfaces by means of its own gliding machinery composed of internal and surface structures. In the present study, we focused on the function and structure of Gli123, a surface protein that is essential for the localization of other surface proteins. The amino acid sequence of Gli123, which is 1,128 amino acids long, contains lipoprotein-specific repeats. We isolated the native Gli123 protein from M. mobile cells and a recombinant protein, rGli123, from Escherichia coli. The isolated rGli123 complemented a nonbinding and nongliding mutant of that lacked Gli123. Circular dichroism and rotary-shadowing electron microscopy (EM) showed that rGli123 has a structure that is not significantly different from that of the native protein. Rotary-shadowing EM suggested that Gli123 adopts two distinct globular and rod-like structures, depending on the ionic strength of the solution. Negative-staining EM coupled with single-particle analysis revealed that Gli123 forms a globular structure featuring a small protrusion with dimensions of approximately 15.7, 14.7, and 14.1 nm for the "height," major axis and minor axis, respectively. Small-angle X-ray scattering analyses indicated a rod-like structure composed of several tandem globular domains with total dimensions of approximately 34 nm in length and 6 nm in width. Both molecular structures were suggested to be dimers, based on the predicted molecular size and structure. Gli123 may have evolved by multiplication of repeating lipoprotein units and acquired a role for Gli521 and Gli349 assembly. Mycoplasmas are pathogenic bacteria that are widespread in animals. They are characterized by small cell and genome sizes but are equipped with unique abilities for infection, such as surface variation and gliding. Here, we focused on a surface-localizing protein named Gli123 that is essential for Mycoplasma mobile gliding. This study suggested that Gli123 undergoes drastic conformational changes between its rod-like and globular structures. These changes may be caused by a repetitive structure common in the surface proteins that is responsible for the modulation of the cell surface structure and related to the assembly process for the surface gliding machinery. An evolutionary process for surface proteins essential for this mycoplasma gliding was also suggested in the present study.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Mycoplasma; Microscopy, Electron; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 36749051
DOI: 10.1128/jb.00340-22 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Aug 2021Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis is a bacterial waterfowl pathogen. In these days of growing antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of...
Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis is a bacterial waterfowl pathogen. In these days of growing antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of defense against Mycoplasma impacts in flocks. In order to identify prophage-like sequences, three established bioinformatics tools (PHASTER, PhiSpy, Prophage Hunter) were used in this study for the in silico screening of 82 M. anserisalpingitidis whole genomes. The VIBRANT software was used as a novel approach to further investigate the possibility of prophages in the sequences. The commonly used softwares found prophage-like sequences in the strains, but the results were inconclusive. The VIBRANT search resulted in multiple hits, and many of them were over 10,000 base pairs (bp). These putative prophages are comparable in size to the few described mycoplasma phages. The translated coding DNA sequences of the putative prophages were checked with protein BLAST. The functions of the proteins found by the BLASTP search are common among bacteriophages. The BLASTN search of the sequences found that many of these were more similar to the M. anatis NCTC 10156 strain, rather than the available M. anserisalpingitidis strains. The initial screening pointed at the presence of novel bacteriophages in the M. anserisalpingitidis and M. anatis strains. The VIBRANT search results were very similar to each other and none of these sequences were part of the core genome of M. anserisalpingitidis, with a few exceptions. The VIBRANT analysis explored presumably intact, novel prophages.
Topics: Mycoplasma; Prophages
PubMed: 33932611
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104886 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Aug 2023The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of genital pathogens, notably Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp., constitutes a significant global threat... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of genital pathogens, notably Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp., constitutes a significant global threat today. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trend of changes in MDR mycoplasma and ureaplasma strains.
METHODS
An exhaustive search was performed across the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to accumulate relevant studies without restrictions until April 2023. We used event rate and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to determine the frequency of resistance-related mutations and examine the trend of antibiotic resistance changes.
RESULTS
The data from 27 studies, including 24,662 patients across 14 countries, were evaluated. Out of the total studies, 20 focused on M. genitalium infections, and five on Ureaplasma spp. The frequency of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of M. genitalium was 43.5%, 13.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium strains with double resistance and MDR was 11.0% and 17.4%, respectively. The incidence of both double-drug-resistant and MDR strains was higher in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region than in European and American populations. For Ureaplasma strains, resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones were 40.8%, 25.7%, and 90.3%, respectively. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher in the African population compared to the European and WHO Western Pacific Regions. The rate of MDR Ureaplasma infections was 13.2%, with a higher incidence in the African population compared to the WHO Western Pacific and European regions.
CONCLUSION
The proliferation and spread of MDR Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma strains present a significant public health challenge. The situation is indeed alarming, and the rising trend of MDR M. genitalium and MDR Ureaplasma infections suggests that therapies involving macrolides and fluoroquinolones may become less effective.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ureaplasma; Fluoroquinolones; Tetracyclines; Macrolides; Mutation; Prevalence
PubMed: 37563660
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00627-6 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2024Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. especially M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum recognized as an important cause of urogenital infections. Sake of the presence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. especially M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum recognized as an important cause of urogenital infections. Sake of the presence of antibiotic resistance and a continuous rise in resistance, the treatment options are limited, and treatment has become more challenging and costlier.
OBJECTIVES
Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate worldwide resistance rates of genital Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasma to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin) agents.
METHODS
We searched the relevant published studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from until 3, March 2022. All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package R.
RESULTS
The 30 studies included in the analysis were performed in 16 countries. In the metadata, the proportions of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin resistance in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital isolates were reported 59.8% (95% CI 49.6, 69.1), 31.2% (95% CI 23, 40), 7.3% (95% CI 1, 31), and 5.3% (95% CI 1, 2), respectively. According to the meta-regression, the ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin rate increased over time. There was a statistically significant difference in the fluoroquinolones resistance rates between different continents/countries (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results obtained in this systematic review and meta-analysis we recommend the use of the newer group of fluoroquinolones especially levofloxacin as the first choice for the treatment of genital mycoplasmosis, as well as ofloxacin for the treatment of genital infections caused by U. parvum.
Topics: Humans; Ureaplasma; Mycoplasma; Fluoroquinolones; Levofloxacin; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Moxifloxacin; Mycoplasma hominis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ureaplasma Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Ciprofloxacin
PubMed: 38016593
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.11.007 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2023Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum commonly colonize the human urogenital tract, which may cause urogenital infections. However, infection... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum commonly colonize the human urogenital tract, which may cause urogenital infections. However, infection by M. hominis, U. parvum, or U. urealyticum is rarely reported in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. Herein, we reported four cases of PD-associated peritonitis caused by these pathogens, along with a review of the literature. The four cases were female patients with recurrent "culture-negative" PD-associated peritonitis and were related to menstruation. M. hominis, U. parvum, or U. urealyticum was detected in the PD fluid of the patients by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. All four patients were cured by intraperitoneal tigecycline combined with oral azithromycin or minocycline. M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum should be paid more attention in female patients with recurrent culture-negative PD-associated peritonitis, especially when the peritonitis is related to menstruation, sexual intercourse, or urogenital tract operation. Moreover, metagenomic next-generation sequencing can provide a reasonable method to identify the pathogen for culture-negative PD-associated peritonitis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Ureaplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Peritoneal Dialysis
PubMed: 36948449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.032 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2014In recent decades, bacterial cell biology has seen great advances, and numerous model systems have been developed to study a wide variety of cellular processes,... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, bacterial cell biology has seen great advances, and numerous model systems have been developed to study a wide variety of cellular processes, including cell division, motility, assembly of macromolecular structures, and biogenesis of cell polarity. Considerable attention has been given to these model organisms, which include Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Caulobacter crescentus, and Myxococcus xanthus. Studies of these processes in the pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its close relatives have also been carried out on a smaller scale, but this work is often overlooked, in part due to this organism's reputation as minimalistic and simple. In this minireview, I discuss recent work on the role of the M. pneumoniae attachment organelle (AO), a structure required for adherence to host cells, in these processes. The AO is constructed from proteins that generally lack homology to those found in other organisms, and this construction occurs in coordination with cell cycle events. The proteins of the M. pneumoniae AO share compositional features with proteins with related roles in model organisms. Once constructed, the AO becomes activated for its role in a form of gliding motility whose underlying mechanism appears to be distinct from that of other gliding bacteria, including Mycoplasma mobile. Together with the FtsZ cytoskeletal protein, motility participates in the cell division process. My intention is to bring this deceptively complex organism into alignment with the better-known model systems.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Mycoplasma pneumoniae
PubMed: 25157081
DOI: 10.1128/JB.01865-14