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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2021Brazil has a herd of over 9 million goats, and the northeast of Brazil is home to over 93% of this herd. Caprine mycoplasmosis are widely disseminated worldwide, being...
Brazil has a herd of over 9 million goats, and the northeast of Brazil is home to over 93% of this herd. Caprine mycoplasmosis are widely disseminated worldwide, being highly contagious with high rates of morbidity and mortality, causing considerable economic loss to goat herders. In addition, there has been a lack of research using molecular testing to monitor the health and detect Mollicutes in this herd in Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this study is to associate animal management with the presence of the caprine origin Mollicutes in goats, in the southwest region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on twelve farms, and statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between the presence of Mollicutes and the management of goats. Molecular testing identified Mollicutes class, Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) and M. conjunctivae (Mc), in the samples analyzed. Statistical associations were observed between animals from intensive livestock facilities and the presence of Mollicutes in nasal samples and dairy ranch animals and the presence of Mollicutes in ocular samples and animals from extensive ranching sites and positive results of Mollicutes in genital samples. We conclude that mycoplasmas are present in goat herds in the southwestern region of Bahia, which supports the need for more focused studies of mycoplasmas throughout the country. Our research also demonstrated the presence of two important opportunistic bacteria, Mc and Ma, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that M. conjunctivae was detected in Brazilian goats by molecular testing.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Goat Diseases; Goats; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma agalactiae; Mycoplasma conjunctivae; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 33964005
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00517-z -
MBio Aug 2022The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent human urogenital infection with significant morbidity that is commonly associated with...
The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent human urogenital infection with significant morbidity that is commonly associated with vaginal dysbiosis. Exacerbation of T. vaginalis pathogenicity has been related to endosymbionts, including mycoplasma, and thought for a while to be solely attributable to Mycoplasma hominis. In a recent publication, Margarita and colleagues (https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00918-22) showed that endosymbiosis extends to a second species of mycoplasma known as " Mycoplasma girerdii." Those authors confirmed the strong association of T. vaginalis with both species of mycoplasma by reassessing clinical samples. Additionally, they showed that symbiosis of protozoa and bacteria resulted in the modulation of gene expression of T. vaginalis and enhancement of parasite cytoadhesion and hemolytic activity in culture assays. In this commentary, we portray T. vaginalis as a synergistically interacting multimicrobe organism-a "microbial piñata"-whose endosymbionts contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of this medically important protozoan parasite.
Topics: Bacteria; Female; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina
PubMed: 35968950
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01323-22 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... 2020spp. have been implicated in a variety of clinical conditions and certain serovars are likely to be disease-associated. Hence, the ascending trend of spp. resistance...
BACKGROUND
spp. have been implicated in a variety of clinical conditions and certain serovars are likely to be disease-associated. Hence, the ascending trend of spp. resistance to antimicrobials should deserve more attention. Here we assessed the extent of antimicrobial resistance of serovars in Tunisia, and investigated the underlying molecular basis.
METHODS
This study included 101 molecularly typed spp. clinical strains isolated over a 12-year time period (2005-2017). The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against nine antibacterial agents using the broth microdilution method. Neighbor-joining tree was constructed to establish the phylogenetic relationships among isolates.
RESULTS
We found that all ureaplasma isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, intermediately resistant to azithromycin, and susceptible to doxycycline, moxifloxacin and josamycin. Ofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance was found in 73.27 and 17.82%, respectively, while 37.62% of isolates proved resistant to tetracycline. Consequently, we detected an elevated multidrug resistance rate among ureaplasma isolates (37.62%), particularly among serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9 (77.77% overall), as well as serovars 4, 10, 12, and 13 (52.63% overall). In most cases, drug resistance was found to be associated with known molecular mechanisms, yet we have identified two novel mutations in the L22 protein, which might be associated with macrolide-resistance.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the widespread expansion of multidrug resistance among serovars, a finding of importance in terms of both surveillance and antimicrobial usage.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Proteins; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Phylogeny; Serogroup; Tunisia; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 31998474
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-0681-5 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2016Mycoplasmas are a large group of bacteria, sorted into different genera in the Mollicutes class, whose main characteristic in common, besides the small genome, is the... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasmas are a large group of bacteria, sorted into different genera in the Mollicutes class, whose main characteristic in common, besides the small genome, is the absence of cell wall. They are considered cellular and molecular biology study models. We present an updated review of the molecular biology of these model microorganisms and the development of replicative vectors for the transformation of mycoplasmas. Synthetic biology studies inspired by these pioneering works became possible and won the attention of the mainstream media. For the first time, an artificial genome was synthesized (a minimal genome produced from consensus sequences obtained from mycoplasmas). For the first time, a functional artificial cell has been constructed by introducing a genome completely synthesized within a cell envelope of a mycoplasma obtained by transformation techniques. Therefore, this article offers an updated insight to the state of the art of these peculiar organisms' molecular biology.
Topics: Artificial Cells; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Biology; Mycoplasma; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic; Tenericutes
PubMed: 27142538
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150164 -
BMJ Open Nov 2018Several bacterial sexually transmitted and genital mycoplasma infections during pregnancy have been associated with poor pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Comprehensive...
INTRODUCTION
Several bacterial sexually transmitted and genital mycoplasma infections during pregnancy have been associated with poor pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Comprehensive and systematic information about associations between sexually transmitted infections (STI) and genital infections in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes is needed to improve understanding about the evidence for causal associations between these infections and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Our primary objective is to systematically review the literature about associations between: (1) in pregnancy and preterm birth; (2) in pregnancy and preterm birth; (3) and/or in pregnancy and preterm birth.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We will undertake a systematic search of Medline, Excerpta Medica database and the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Following an initial screening of titles by one reviewer, abstracts will be independently assessed by two reviewers before screening of full-text articles. To exclude a manuscript, both reviewers need to agree on the decision. Any discrepancies will be resolved by discussion, or the adjudication of a third reviewer. Studies will be included if they report testing for one or more of during pregnancy and report pregnancy and/or birth outcomes. In this review, the primary outcome is preterm birth. Secondary outcomes are premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal mortality and ophthalmia neonatorum. We will use standard definitions, or definitions reported by study authors. We will examine associations between exposure and outcome in forest plots, using the I statistic to examine between study heterogeneity. Where appropriate, we will use meta-analysis to combine results of individual studies.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This systematic review of published literature does not require ethical committee approval. Results of this review will be published in a peer reviewed, open access journal.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42016050962.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Bacterial Infections; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Research Design; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 30498048
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024175 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022This work describes curious structures formed by the mainly phytopathogenic mycoplasma , as well as the human pathogen cells which resemble cell-in-cell structures of...
This work describes curious structures formed by the mainly phytopathogenic mycoplasma , as well as the human pathogen cells which resemble cell-in-cell structures of higher eukaryotes and protists. The probable significance of such structures for the mycoplasma cell is discussed. The possibility of their formation in nature and their potential role in the transformation of genetic material, for example, by maintaining (on the one hand) the stability of the genome in the line of generations during asexual reproduction or (on the other hand) the genome plasticity, are substantiated. It should be especially noted that all the arguments presented are based only on morphological data. However, closer attention to unusual structures, the existence of which was shown by electron microscopy images in this case, may prompt researchers to analyze their data more carefully and find something rare and non-trivial among seemingly trivial things. If it is proven by additional methods that cell-in-cell structures can indeed be formed by prokaryotes without a cell wall, this phenomenon may acquire general biological significance.
Topics: Acholeplasma laidlawii; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mycoplasma; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 35457161
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084345 -
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 2019, an avian-pathogenic bacterium, glides on host tissue surfaces by using a common motility system with In the present study, we observed and analyzed the gliding...
, an avian-pathogenic bacterium, glides on host tissue surfaces by using a common motility system with In the present study, we observed and analyzed the gliding behaviors of in detail by using optical microscopes. glided at a speed of 0.27 ± 0.09 μm/s with directional changes relative to the cell axis of 0.6 degree ± 44.6 degrees/5 s without the rolling of the cell body. To examine the effects of viscosity on gliding, we analyzed the gliding behaviors under viscous environments. The gliding speed was constant in various concentrations of methylcellulose but was affected by Ficoll. To investigate the relationship between binding and gliding, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of sialyllactose on binding and gliding. The binding and gliding speed sigmoidally decreased with sialyllactose concentration, indicating the cooperative binding of the cell. To determine the direct energy source of gliding, we used a membrane-permeabilized ghost model. We permeabilized cells with Triton X-100 or Triton X-100 containing ATP and analyzed the gliding of permeabilized cells. The cells permeabilized with Triton X-100 did not show gliding; in contrast, the cells permeabilized with Triton X-100 containing ATP showed gliding at a speed of 0.014 ± 0.007 μm/s. These results indicate that the direct energy source for the gliding motility of is ATP. Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria, are parasitic and occasionally commensal. is related to human-pathogenic mycoplasmas- and -which cause so-called "walking pneumonia" and nongonococcal urethritis, respectively. These mycoplasmas trap sialylated oligosaccharides, which are common targets among influenza viruses, on host trachea or urinary tract surfaces and glide to enlarge the infected areas. Interestingly, this gliding motility is not related to other bacterial motilities or eukaryotic motilities. Here, we quantitatively analyze cell behaviors in gliding and clarify the direct energy source. The results provide clues for elucidating this unique motility mechanism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Lactose; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Octoxynol; Sialic Acids; Viscosity
PubMed: 31308069
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00397-19 -
Genomics Jan 2020Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), belongs to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and is a causal pathogen of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). This... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), belongs to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and is a causal pathogen of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). This paper presents the complete annotated genome sequence of Mccp Strain 87001-a strain that was isolated from pneumonia affected goats on a farm in China, and comparative genomics analysis of five Mccp genomes in addition to comparative genomics within Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. The Mccp strain 87001 genome consists of a single circular chromosome 1017333 bp in length and encodes 898 open reading frames (orfs) averaging 944 bp in length. Fifty eight potential virulence genes were identified, including variable surface lipoproteins, hemolysin A, and P60 surface lipoprotein. Comparative genomic analysis revealed eight virulence genes and four extracellular genes which remained unchanged in five Mccp genomes for forty years, which can be used as potential target for drug development and vaccine design. We revealed 183 Mccp unique genes as markers to distinguish Mccp with other mycoplasma strains from goats, and different virulence factors contributing to host specificity and different syndrome of bovine pathogens and caprine pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; China; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Goats; Mycoplasma; Open Reading Frames; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 31071461
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.04.013 -
Veterinary Immunology and... Jun 2021Contagious agalactia represents one of the most relevant infectious diseases of dairy sheep, with Mycoplasma agalactiae being the primary etiological agent. The early,...
Contagious agalactia represents one of the most relevant infectious diseases of dairy sheep, with Mycoplasma agalactiae being the primary etiological agent. The early, sensitive, and specific identification of infected animals, as well as the development of efficient prophylactic tools, remain challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of M. agalactiae antigens focusing on those shared among different isolates. Leveraging on previous proteomic data obtained on individual strains, we adopted a strategy entailing sample pooling to optimize the identification of conserved proteins that induce an immune response. The liposoluble proteins from previously characterized field isolates and the type strain PG2 were enriched by Triton X-114 fractionation, pooled, analysed by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and subjected to western immunoblotting against sheep sera collected during natural infection with M. agalactiae. Immunodominant antigens were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Time-Of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). This combined immunoproteomic approach confirmed the role of several known immunogens, including P80, P48, and P40, and most variable surface proteins (Vpmas), and unveiled novel immunodominant, conserved antigens, including MAG_1000, MAG_2220, MAG_1980, phnD, MAG_4740, and MAG_2430. Genomic context, functional prediction, subcellular localization, and invariable expression of these proteins in all isolates suggest their possible involvement in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolism. Moreover, most of the identified antigens elicit a host humoral response since the early stages of infection, persisting for at least 270 days. The immunodominant, conserved antigen panel identified in this work supports the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity in all the natural infection stages.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, Surface; Bacterial Proteins; Immunodominant Epitopes; Mycoplasma agalactiae; Proteome; Proteomics; Sheep
PubMed: 33845295
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110239 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022(CT) is the agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Until now, little information is available about the microbial composition of...
BACKGROUND
(CT) is the agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Until now, little information is available about the microbial composition of urine samples during CT urethritis. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome profiles of first-void urines in a cohort of women with CT urethral infection attending an STI clinic.
METHODS
Based on CT positivity by nucleic acid amplification techniques on urine samples, the enrolled women were divided into two groups, i.e., "CT-negative" ( = 21) and "CT-positive" ( = 11). Urine samples were employed for (i) the microbiome profile analysis by means of 16s rRNA gene sequencing and (ii) the metabolome analysis by H-NMR.
RESULTS
Irrespective of CT infection, the microbiome of first-void urines was mainly dominated by , and being the most represented species. CT-positive samples were characterized by reduced microbial biodiversity compared to the controls. Moreover, a significant reduction of the Mycoplasmataceae family-in particular, of the species-was observed during CT infection. The genus was positively correlated with urine hippurate and lactulose.
CONCLUSIONS
These data can help elucidate the pathogenesis of chlamydial urogenital infections, as well as to set up innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 35628436
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105625