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Acta Dermato-venereologica Oct 2022Altered miRNA expressions are assigned pathogenic properties in several cancers including mycosis fungoides and could play a role in the early onset of the disease. The...
Altered miRNA expressions are assigned pathogenic properties in several cancers including mycosis fungoides and could play a role in the early onset of the disease. The aim of this study was to examine disease-specific miRNA expression in early-stage mycosis fungoides patch and plaque lesions. A quantitative real-time PCR platform of 384 human miRNAs was used to study miRNA expression in 154 diagnostic mycosis fungoides biopsies. A total of 110 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (>2-fold, p < 0.05) between plaque lesions and healthy controls, and 90 miRNAs (>2-fold, p < 0.05) differed between patch lesions and healthy controls. Moreover, 13 miRNAs differed in expression between patch and plaque lesions. Early-stage mycosis fungoides exhibited miRNA features that overlapped with those of psoriasis. However, 39 miRNAs, including miR-142-3p, miR-150 and miR-146b, were specific to mycosis fungoides. In conclusion, early-stage mycosis fungoides expresses a distinct miRNA profile, indicating that miRNAs could play a role in the early development of mycosis fungoides.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; MicroRNAs; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35788691
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.628 -
International Journal of Radiation... May 2015Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They often remain localized, and they generally have a more indolent course and a better prognosis...
Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They often remain localized, and they generally have a more indolent course and a better prognosis than lymphomas in other locations. They are highly radiosensitive, and radiation therapy is an important part of the treatment, either as the sole treatment or as part of a multimodality approach. Radiation therapy of primary cutaneous lymphomas requires the use of special techniques that form the focus of these guidelines. The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group has developed these guidelines after multinational meetings and analysis of available evidence. The guidelines represent an agreed consensus view of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group steering committee on the use of radiation therapy in primary cutaneous lymphomas in the modern era.
Topics: Consensus; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mycosis Fungoides; Patient Positioning; Prognosis; Radiation Tolerance; Radiotherapy Dosage; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 25863751
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.008 -
Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Oct 2022Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) are highly radiosensitive. Therefore, radiotherapy is an integral part of multimodality treatment. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) are highly radiosensitive. Therefore, radiotherapy is an integral part of multimodality treatment.
AIM
The present work provides an overview of indications, technical developments, and dose concepts for total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT), local radiotherapy as well as maintenance therapy, and current combination studies regarding cutaneous T‑ and B‑cell lymphomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a selective literature search in the PubMed database on the topic of radiotherapy for CL and a search for current studies using clinicaltrials.gov. Furthermore, we describe our own treatment strategies and summarize national and international guidelines.
RESULTS
Low-dose TSEBT is nationally and internationally recommended as an alternative to conventional 36 Gy TSEBT. The main advantages are better tolerability, the possibility of retreatment, a shorter treatment course (approximately 3 weeks), and a short time to response. In current studies, TSEBT is usually delivered to a total dose of 12 Gy and combined with immunotherapy and epigenetic therapy. Local radiotherapy is indicated for mycosis fungoides (MF) tumors and is a curative treatment regimen for other CL, particularly primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphomas.
CONCLUSION
TSEBT is a very effective treatment for MF and is a highly effective palliative treatment, leading to rapid symptom relief and improvement in quality of life. It is an important treatment option, especially in patients with extensive generalized lesions or advanced tumor stage. Local radiation is used as part of TSEBT for tumors and as a boost to undertreated areas. Other CLs are primarily curable with local radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mycosis Fungoides; Quality of Life; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36018330
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05046-w -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Mar 2021Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The inflammatory micro-environment in mycosis fungoides is complex. There is accumulating...
Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The inflammatory micro-environment in mycosis fungoides is complex. There is accumulating evidence that the neoplastic T-cells take control of the microenvironment and thereby promote their own expansion by suppressing cellular immunity. B-cells have proved to be upregulated in large-cell transformed mycosis fungoides, and could potentially play a role in disease progression. To investigate the presence of B-cells in mycosis fungoides compared with controls, this study analysed 85 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded mycosis fungoides biopsies. MS4A1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in mycosis fungoides compared with controls (p < 0.0001) and further upregulated in disease progression, (p = 0.001). Digital quantification of PAX5+/CD20+ cells confirmed the increased presence of B-cells in mycosis fungoides compared with controls. No co-labelling of CD3/CD20 was observed in the neoplastic T-cells. This study found a significantly increased presence of B-cells in the tumour-associated microenvironment in mycosis fungoides. These findings could potentially lead to new treatment strategies for mycosis fungoides.
Topics: Antigens, CD20; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33686443
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3775 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2021Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized by infiltration of the skin by mature malignant T cells. Mycosis... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized by infiltration of the skin by mature malignant T cells. Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, accounting for more than 60% of cases. Mycosis fungoides in the early-stage is generally an indolent disease, progressing slowly from some patches or plaques to more widespread skin involvement. However, 20% to 25% of patients progress to advanced stages, with the development of skin tumors, extracutaneous spread and poor prognosis. Treatment modalities can be divided into two groups: skin-directed therapies and systemic therapies. Therapies targeting the skin include topical agents, phototherapy and radiotherapy. Systemic therapies include biological response modifiers, immunotherapies and chemotherapeutic agents. For early-stage mycosis fungoides, skin-directed therapies are preferred, to control the disease, improve symptoms and quality of life. When refractory or in advanced-stage disease, systemic treatment is necessary. In this article, the authors present a compilation of current treatment options for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mycosis Fungoides; Quality of Life; Sezary Syndrome; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34053802
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.12.007 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an apheresis procedure that is conventionally used as a first-line treatment for cutaneous and leukemic subtypes of T-cell... (Review)
Review
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an apheresis procedure that is conventionally used as a first-line treatment for cutaneous and leukemic subtypes of T-cell lymphoma, such as Sezary's syndrome and mycosis fungoides. Over the past three decades, its immunotherapeutic properties have been tested on a variety of autoimmune conditions, including many dermatologic diseases. There is ample evidence of ECP's ability to modify leukocytes and alter cytokine production for certain dermatologic diseases that have been refractory to first-line treatments, such as atopic dermatitis. However, the evidence on the efficacy of ECP for the treatment of these dermatologic diseases is unclear and/or lacks sufficient evidence. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the utilization and clinical efficacy of ECP in the treatment of several [autoimmune] dermatologic diseases and discuss its applications, guidelines, recommendations, and future implementation for dermatologic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Photopheresis; Skin Neoplasms; Mycosis Fungoides; Blood Component Removal; Sezary Syndrome
PubMed: 38474257
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053011 -
Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry Mar 2021This review discusses the definition and major categories of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides, and the role of immunophenotyping in... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the definition and major categories of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides, and the role of immunophenotyping in their diagnosis. The following key points are raised: (a) Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides cells most often have a characteristic CD3+ CD4+ CD7- and/or CD26- immunophenotype. (b) This immunophenotype is not specific, but can assist in the distinction from non-neoplastic T cells and other subtypes of mature T-cell neoplasm. (c) However, small subsets of normal and reactive T-cells can have an overlapping immunophenotype, and can be distinguished by evaluating for additional changes in antigen expression.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Mycosis Fungoides; Sezary Syndrome; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 32516521
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21888 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023For widespread cutaneous lymphoma, such as mycosis fungoides or leukemia cutis, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and for chronic myeloproliferative... (Review)
Review
For widespread cutaneous lymphoma, such as mycosis fungoides or leukemia cutis, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and for chronic myeloproliferative diseases, total skin irradiation is an efficient treatment modality for disease control. Total skin irradiation aims to homogeneously irradiate the skin of the entire body. However, the natural geometric shape and skin folding of the human body pose challenges to treatment. This article introduces treatment techniques and the evolution of total skin irradiation. Articles on total skin irradiation by helical tomotherapy and the advantages of total skin irradiation by helical tomotherapy are reviewed. Differences among each treatment technique and treatment advantages are compared. Adverse treatment effects and clinical care during irradiation and possible dose regimens are mentioned for future prospects of total skin irradiation.
Topics: Humans; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Leukemia; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Radiotherapy Dosage; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 36901922
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054492 -
Experimental Dermatology Aug 2017The practice of pre-emptive individualized medicine is predicated on the discovery, development and application of biomarkers in specific clinical settings. Mycosis... (Review)
Review
The practice of pre-emptive individualized medicine is predicated on the discovery, development and application of biomarkers in specific clinical settings. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the two most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, yet diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring remain a challenge. In this review, we discuss the current state of biomarker discovery in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, highlighting the most promising molecules in different compartments. Further, we emphasize the need for continued multicentre efforts to validate available and new biomarkers and to develop prospective combinatorial panels of already discovered molecules.
Topics: Biomarkers; Gene Expression; Humans; Mycosis Fungoides; Sezary Syndrome
PubMed: 27897325
DOI: 10.1111/exd.13261 -
Cells Nov 2023In recent years, targeted (biological) therapies have become available also for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCLs) including anti-CD30 (brentuximab vedotin) in... (Review)
Review
In recent years, targeted (biological) therapies have become available also for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCLs) including anti-CD30 (brentuximab vedotin) in mycosis fungoides, primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis; anti-CCR4 (mogamulizumab) in Sezary syndrome; anti-CD123 (tagraxofusp) in blastic plasmocytoid cell neoplasm. Moreover, anti-PD1 (nivolumab), anti-PDL1 (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab), anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab), anti-KIR3DL2-CD158k (lacutamab), and anti-CD70 (cusatuzumab) have been tested or are under investigations in phase II trials. The expression of these epitopes on neoplastic cells in skin biopsies or blood samples plays a central role in the management of PCTCL patients. This narrative review aims to provide readers with an update on the latest advances in the newest therapeutic options for PCTCLs.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Mycosis Fungoides; Brentuximab Vedotin; Sezary Syndrome; Antineoplastic Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal
PubMed: 37998391
DOI: 10.3390/cells12222656