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Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2015Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare presentation of leukemic mass infiltration outside of the bone marrow. It may involve the... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare presentation of leukemic mass infiltration outside of the bone marrow. It may involve the subperiosteum and dura mater and, on rare occasions, can also invade the brain parenchyma. The disease is most commonly seen in children or young adults; however, it has been described in multiple age groups. MS can be seen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia and other myeloproliferative disorders. This entity has the potential to be underdiagnosed if the MS appearance precedes the first diagnosis of leukemia. The main reason is that their appearance on CT and MRI has a broad differential diagnosis, and proper diagnosis of MS can only be made if the imaging findings are correlated with the clinical history and laboratory findings. Herein, we describe the intracranial CNS manifestations of MS in patients with AML on CT and MRI involving the brain and/or meninges. This study is based on a systematic review of the literature. In addition, three case reports from the author's institution with AML and intracranial involvement of MS are included. Our aim is to enhance the awareness of this entity among both clinicians and radiologists.
PubMed: 26239467
DOI: 10.3390/jcm4051102 -
Academic Pathology 2020http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040..
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040..
PubMed: 35243000
DOI: 10.1177/2374289520956361 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological tumor that presents with extramedullary tumor masses comprising myeloid blasts. A controversial issue is whether MS...
BACKGROUND
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological tumor that presents with extramedullary tumor masses comprising myeloid blasts. A controversial issue is whether MS involving normal hematopoietic sites (liver, spleen, and lymph nodes) should be excluded in future studies. We aimed to compare MS characteristics and outcomes involving hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic sites and construct a prognostic nomogram exclusively for the latter.
METHODS
Data from patients diagnosed with MS between 2000 and 2018 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. According to the primary site, patients were classified as having MS involving hematopoietic sites (hMS) or non-hematopoietic sites (eMS). Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the two groups using Wilcoxon, chi-square, and log-rank tests. Cox regression analysis was used to identify eMS prognostic factors to establish prognostic nomograms. The models' efficiency and value were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULTS
In total, 694 patients were enrolled, including 86 with hMS and 608 with eMS. There were no sex, race or marital status distribution differences between the two groups. Patients with eMS had better overall and cancer-specific survival rates than those with hMS. Additionally, prognostic factor effects differed between the two groups. Patients with eMS were randomly divided into the training (number of patiens, n=425) and validation cohorts (n=183). Age, first primary tumor, primary site, and chemotherapy were used to establish nomograms. The C-index values of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) nomograms were 0.733 (validation: 0.728) and 0.722 (validation: 0.717), respectively. Moreover, ROC, calibration curves, and DCA confirmed our models' good discrimination and calibration ability and potential clinical utility value.
CONCLUSION
Our study described the differences between patients with eMS and those with hMS. Moreover, we developed novel nomograms based on clinical and therapeutic factors to predict patients with eMS' 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates.
PubMed: 36059682
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.989366 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jan 2022
Topics: Capsule Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 34219112
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7799-21 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023fusion is a recurrent event commonly observed in adult male patients diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and has occasionally been reported in... (Review)
Review
fusion is a recurrent event commonly observed in adult male patients diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and has occasionally been reported in other diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloid sarcoma (MS), acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This fusion gene is derived from chromosome del(9)(q34.11;q34.13) or t(9;9)(q34;q34) and may have an inhibitory effect on primitive progenitor differentiation. The prognosis of the reported patients is varied, with these patients often show resistance to chemotherapy regimens that include high doses of glucocorticoids. The optional treatment has not been determined, more cases need to be accumulated and evaluated. The scope of this review is to summarize the general features and prognostic significance in leukemia associated with the fusion gene and to discuss the methods of detection and treatment, aiming at providing some useful references for relevant researchers in the field of blood tumor.
PubMed: 37909026
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1269531 -
Oncology Letters May 2016The current study presents a case of cluster of differentiation (CD)56 myeloid sarcoma in a patient that initially presented with skin lesions, and provides evidence for...
The current study presents a case of cluster of differentiation (CD)56 myeloid sarcoma in a patient that initially presented with skin lesions, and provides evidence for the clinical and differential diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. The patient of the present case report was a 65-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with a six-month history of bilateral purple-red papules and nodules, which were present on the upper limbs of the patient and had spread over his whole body one month prior to admission to the hospital. Pathological examination demonstrated a diffuse infusion of primitive round cells at the papillary dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The infiltrated cells were 40-60 µm in diameter and morphologically identical. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cells expressed myeloperoxidase, CD56, CD43 and T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen. In addition, several cells expressed CD34, and 90% of the cells expressed Ki67. While the majority of cells in myeloid sarcoma do not express CD56, the present case was a myeloid sarcoma that expressed CD56, which is extremely rare. The sarcoma in the present patient progressed rapidly, and the patient died eight months following the onset of disease. Clinicians should be aware of CD56 myeloid sarcoma, which is easily misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated. Consequently, myeloid sarcoma may have a high malignancy and poor outcome for patients.
PubMed: 27123069
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4352 -
Hematology Reports Apr 2022Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are rare extramedullary (EM) hematological tumors that generally arise during the natural course of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), occurring...
Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are rare extramedullary (EM) hematological tumors that generally arise during the natural course of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), occurring concomitantly with the onset of systemic leukemia; it can also occur following onset but rarely before. Common sites of EM involvement include the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, bone and peritoneum. Herein, we report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented EM AML upon initial diagnosis involving the bone marrow, lymph nodes and skin (leukemia cutis). A diagnosis was made based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). This case presents a diagnostic dilemma due to its atypical presentation and the sites involved. It also highlights the importance of IHC in the diagnosis of EM AML. The potential role of hypomethylating agents and Venetoclax in cases not eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplant are also discussed.
PubMed: 35466185
DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep14020021 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Sep 2016To explore the clinicopathological features of myeloid sarcoma (MS).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinicopathological features of myeloid sarcoma (MS).
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of patients with MS and reviewed the relevant literature.
RESULTS
There were 39 patients (20 male and 19 female, with a ratio of 1.1:1) aged 2-62 years (median: 33 years; mean: 33.4 years), with 53.9% patients in the 21-50 years age group. The clinical manifestations varied and were dependent on the lesion location. Immunohistochemistry and special staining showed that the positive rates for myeloperoxidase, CD43, CD34, CD117, CD68, Lysozyme, CD99, and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase were 92.1% (35/38), 91.3% (21/23), 44.8% (13/29), 42.3% (11/26), 61.1% (11/18), 100.0% (5/5), 78.6% (11/14), and 55.6% (10/18), respectively. Histologically, the cells were predominantly arranged diffusely, and the solitary infiltrating cells may show an acinus-like arrangement, while some cells were arranged in linear or "Indian file" pattern. Obvious small nucleoli were seen in most cases. The nuclei were predominantly round or oval, although eccentric, kidney-shaped, and lobulated nuclei were also observed. A varied number of eosinophilic granulocytes were found in most cases. The "starry sky" appearance was observed in a few patients. Among 18 patients, the survival rate was 38.9% and the median survival time was 28 months. MS occurred following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in 5 cases. There were 14 de-novo (45.2%,14/31) and 17 secondary MS (54.8%, 17/31). As for de-novo MS, female rates was higher (64.3% vs. 29.4%), older average years (41.4 vs. 31.1 years), older middle years (47.5 vs.32 years).
CONCLUSIONS
The combined application of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and special staining may facilitate the diagnosis of this malignancy. Surgery plus chemotherapy remains the most common treatment for MS. The prognosis of MS was bad.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Skin Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 27515547
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.014 -
Clinical Case Reports Apr 2018Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is an aggressive neoplasm with a median survival of only a few months despite treatment. An exhaustive immunohistochemical...
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is an aggressive neoplasm with a median survival of only a few months despite treatment. An exhaustive immunohistochemical workup is required to differentiate it from myeloid sarcoma and extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. Treatment is with induction using a regimen utilized for leukemia. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended for those who achieve remission following induction.
PubMed: 29636962
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1457 -
JAAD Case Reports Mar 2021
PubMed: 33598520
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.12.037