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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Nov 2017Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor with most occurring in the distal extremities of adult patients. It has a high rate of local recurrence... (Review)
Review
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor with most occurring in the distal extremities of adult patients. It has a high rate of local recurrence and a low rate of metastasis. Because it may appear benign on clinical examination, and because the microscopic features are generally underrecognized, it is often inadequately treated and misdiagnosed. In this review, based upon experience and that of the literature, the intent is to highlight salient clinicopathologic features, detail the broad microscopic spectrum including high-grade aggressive variants, review the molecular features, and discuss its relation to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Emperipolesis; Extremities; Fibrosarcoma; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Lipoma; Myxosarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue; Prognosis
PubMed: 29072951
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0219-RA -
Clinical Case Reports Jul 2022This report details a retroperitoneal myxosarcoma in a cat that exhibited extremely aggressive biological behavior. An exploratory midline celiotomy revealed a...
This report details a retroperitoneal myxosarcoma in a cat that exhibited extremely aggressive biological behavior. An exploratory midline celiotomy revealed a left-sided retroperitoneal mass firmly adhered to the hypaxial musculature. Histopathological evaluation identified the mass as a myxosarcoma. Following surgical excision, the mass rapidly recurred within 6 weeks after surgery.
PubMed: 35846922
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6063 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine Mar 2021It is a rare cardiac malignant primary tumor that seems to derive from the same cellular line as myxomas, but the prognosis is very different. It is a rare cardiac...
BACKGROUND
It is a rare cardiac malignant primary tumor that seems to derive from the same cellular line as myxomas, but the prognosis is very different. It is a rare cardiac malignant primary tumor that seems to derive from the same cellular line as myxomas, but the prognosis is very different. It is a rare cardiac malignant primary tumor that seems to derive from the same cellular line as myxomas, but the prognosis is very different. Cardiac myxosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that appears to rise from the same cellular source like myxoma. It is difficult to differentiate a myxoma tumor from a myxosarcoma tumor because of its appearance and pathology examination. Myxosercoma tumor requires surgery and chemoradiotherapy, but myxoma is treated only by surgery.
CASE PRESENTATION
We describe a case of a 58-year-old patient with a left atrium myxosarcoma, presenting with congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a large polypoid and mobile mass in the left atrium, the patient underwent cardiac surgery and the tumor was successfully extracted, and histopathological result revealed typical features of myxoma. 15 days after surgery, he underwent explorative laparatomy because of progressive GI bleeding. Laparatomy revealed extensive metastatic masses in abdomen and the pathology diagnoses was myxosaroma. Unfortunately, in spite of supportive care, the patient expired on postoperative day one.
CONCLUSION
It is difficult to differentiate a myxoma tumor from a myxosarcoma tumor because of its appearance and pathology examination. Maybe magnetic resonance imaging can help us to achieve more data suggesting malignancy.
PubMed: 34012543
DOI: 10.22088/cjim.12.2.228 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2014Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm most frequently arising in the distal extremities of adults, which usually behaves in a... (Review)
Review
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm most frequently arising in the distal extremities of adults, which usually behaves in a low-grade manner but is capable of metastasizing to local and distant sites, rarely leading to death. It is a rare tumor whose unusual morphology can lead to erroneous histologic diagnosis, either as a nonneoplastic (infectious or inflammatory) process or as a variety of neoplastic diseases. While its exact origin is uncertain, ultrastructural studies have shown at least some of the constituent cells to be modified fibroblasts. Distinct and reproducible genetic abnormalities identified in MIFS are translocation t(1;10)(p22:q24), with rearrangements of the TGFBR3 and MGEA5 genes associated with increased levels of FGF8, and formation of marker/ring chromosome 3, with amplification of the VGLL3 locus. Because these genetic abnormalities are shared by both MIFS and hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous tumor, it is thought that these 2 morphologically distinct neoplasms may comprise a spectrum of disease defined by these genetics. We review the literature on MIFS and discuss morphology (including that of MIFS/hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous tumor hybrid lesions), immunohistochemistry, the differential diagnosis, and recent molecular genetic developments.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrosarcoma; Gene Amplification; Gene Rearrangement; Histone Acetyltransferases; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Liposarcoma, Myxoid; Myxosarcoma; Prognosis; Proteoglycans; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 25268202
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0549-RS -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Apr 2021A 13-year-old intact Pomeranian bitch presented with a 2-month history of abdominal distension and anorexia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large...
A 13-year-old intact Pomeranian bitch presented with a 2-month history of abdominal distension and anorexia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the abdominal cavity without metastases. The tumor was surgically resected and histopathologically characterized by spindle-shaped to atypical-shaped neoplastic cells with basophilic stroma in the omental adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin but negative for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and α-SMA. The bitch was diagnosed as a myxosarcoma arising from the greater omentum. Postoperatively, metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam was initiated. The tumor recurred on postoperative day 49. Although the bitch died 102 days after the initial examination, her general condition was maintained until death.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Myxosarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Omentum
PubMed: 33504735
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0509 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2018
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Kidney Neoplasms; Myxoma; Myxosarcoma
PubMed: 29772975
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1345 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jan 2018A 22-y-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased heart rate and mild colic signs....
A 22-y-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased heart rate and mild colic signs. Rectal examination revealed a large left perirenal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography further confirmed this finding. Thoracic ultrasonography indicated multifocal irregularities on the pleural surface suggestive of consolidation and possibly masses in the lungs. The animal was euthanized. Autopsy findings included a large, firm, expansile, gelatinous retroperitoneal mass that surrounded both kidneys, as well as nodules with similar morphology in the lungs, liver, intestinal mesentery, cecum, and caudal mesenteric artery. Histologically, the masses were composed of neoplastic stellate-to-spindloid cells in abundant mucinous stroma. Neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for vimentin and were negative for pancytokeratin (A1/A3), CD3, CD20, melan A, and synaptophysin. Mucinous stroma was strongly positive with alcian blue and weakly positive with periodic acid-Schiff histochemical staining. These findings are consistent with metastatic myxosarcoma. Myxosarcoma is a rare neoplasm in horses, and metastasis to tissues other than sentinel lymph nodes has not been described previously to our knowledge.
Topics: Animals; Euthanasia, Animal; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Myxosarcoma; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
PubMed: 28677418
DOI: 10.1177/1040638717719480 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Neoplasia has been reported in lizards, but more research is needed to accurately document the prevalence and prognosis of the various known neoplasms that affect...
Neoplasia has been reported in lizards, but more research is needed to accurately document the prevalence and prognosis of the various known neoplasms that affect lizards. This study reviewed medical records from an online database, the Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance (ESCRA), and reviewed published literature to determine the prevalence of neoplasia, malignancy, metastasis, treatment strategies, and outcomes by species and sex. Records from 55 individual lizards, 20 different species, and 37 different tumors were identified. In the literature, 219 lizards, 59 species, and 86 unique tumors were identified from 72 published case reports. Potential signalment factors such as age, sex, and species were evaluated to see if they affected case outcome. Additional factors including neoplasia type, presence of metastasis, and types of pursued treatments were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether a factor was significantly associated with animal death due to the identified neoplasia or with animal survival or death due to other causes (non-neoplastic outcomes). Komodo dragons and savannah monitors were more likely to die from neoplasia compared to other lizard species. Cases where the status of metastasis was unknown were significantly associated with death due to neoplasia. Having an unknown status of male versus female was significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. Leukemia and islet cell carcinoma were significantly associated with death due to neoplastic causes. Chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma were significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. Surgery alone and radiation therapy alone each were significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death, while lizards not receiving treatment were significantly associated with death due to neoplasia. Benign neoplasia was significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. These results will aid in the improved diagnosis and management of neoplasia in lizard species, as well as expanding our understanding of prognostic indicators of neoplasia in lizards.
PubMed: 38791614
DOI: 10.3390/ani14101395 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Dec 2014Myxofibrosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma that occurs in late adult life, peaking in the seventh decade, and it is mainly encountered in the lower... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Myxofibrosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma that occurs in late adult life, peaking in the seventh decade, and it is mainly encountered in the lower extremities. Myxofibrosarcoma of the head and neck are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 19 cases have been described in the head and neck so far. This is a literature review and retrospective chart review of our experience in head and neck myxofibrosarcoma treatment in our department.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this case report we describe a 35-year-old Caucasian man who presented the first case of myxofibrosarcoma arising from the pterygopalatine fossa. The peculiar anatomical location and the extent in the midcheek region make this case a hard "challenge" for the surgeon, in order to guarantee wide surgical margins of resection. A total right maxillectomy was accomplished by means of the Weber-Ferguson approach, preserving the orbital floor. The excised portion was reconstructed using the free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to the area adjacent to the lesion, with a total dose of 60 Gy. No relapse occurred in the 27-month postoperative follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
The case described suggests the importance of combined surgical and adjuvant radiotherapy to avoid local and distant recurrences of the tumor. In our opinion, combined surgical and adjuvant radiotherapy followed by close clinical observation to search for a metastatic disease is advisable in all cases. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of combined radio-chemotherapy for head and neck myxofibrosarcoma in terms of long-term disease-free survival.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Fibrosarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Myxosarcoma; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Surgical Flaps; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25547541
DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-468 -
BMC Medical Imaging Aug 2019Myxoid tumors pose diagnostic challenges for radiologists and pathologists. All myxoid tumors can be differentiated from each other using fluorescent in-situ...
BACKGROUND
Myxoid tumors pose diagnostic challenges for radiologists and pathologists. All myxoid tumors can be differentiated from each other using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) or immunohistochemical markers, except for myxomas and myxofibrosarcomas. Myxomas and myxofibrosarcomas are rare tumors. Myxomas are benign and histologically bland, whereas myxofibrosarcomas are malignant and histologically heterogenous. Because of the histological heterogeneity, low grade myxofibrosarcomas may be mistaken for myxomas on core needle biopsies. We evaluated the performance of T1-weighted signal intensity (T1SI), tumor volume, and radiomic features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate myxomas from myxofibrosarcomas.
METHODS
The MRIs of 56 patients (29 with myxomas, 27 with myxofibrosarcomas) were analyzed. We extracted 89 radiomic features. Random forests based classifiers using the T1SI, volume features, and radiomic features were used to differentiate myxomas from myxofibrosarcomas. The classifiers were validated using a leave-one-out cross-validation. The performances of the classifiers were then compared.
RESULTS
Myxomas had lower normalized T1SI than myxofibrosaromas (p = 0.006) and the AUC using the T1SI was 0.713. However, the classification model using radiomic features had an AUC of 0.885 (accuracy = 0.839, sensitivity = 0.852, specificity = 0.828), and outperformed the classification models using T1SI (AUC = 0.713) and tumor volume (AUC = 0.838). The classification model using radiomic features was significantly better than the classifier using T1SI values (p = 0.039).
CONCLUSIONS
Myxofibrosarcomas are on average higher in T1-weighted signal intensity than myxomas. Myxofibrosarcomas are larger and have shape differences compared to myxomas. Radiomic features performed best for differentiating myxomas from myxofibrosarcomas compared to T1-weighted signal intensity and tumor volume features.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Myxosarcoma; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31416421
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0366-9