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British Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2019Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that induces relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the vasculature. Because NO reacts with oxyhaemoglobin with high affinity, the gas is... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that induces relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the vasculature. Because NO reacts with oxyhaemoglobin with high affinity, the gas is rapidly scavenged by oxyhaemoglobin in red blood cells and the vasodilating effects of inhaled NO are limited to ventilated regions in the lung. NO therefore has the unique ability to induce pulmonary vasodilatation specifically in the portions of the lung with adequate ventilation, thereby improving oxygenation of blood and decreasing intrapulmonary right to left shunting. Inhaled NO is used to treat a spectrum of cardiopulmonary conditions, including pulmonary hypertension in children and adults. However, the widespread use of inhaled NO is limited by logistical and financial barriers. We have designed, developed and tested a simple and economic NO generation device, which uses pulsed electrical discharges in air to produce therapeutic levels of NO that can be used for inhalation therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Lung; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 30288739
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14512 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Jun 2019Nitric oxide (NO) represents a potential wound therapeutic agent due to its ability to regulate inflammation and eradicate bacterial infections. Two broad strategies... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) represents a potential wound therapeutic agent due to its ability to regulate inflammation and eradicate bacterial infections. Two broad strategies exist to utilize NO for wound healing; liberating NO from endogenous reservoirs, and supplementing NO from exogenous sources. This progress report examines the efficacy of a variety of NO-based methods to improve wound outcomes, with particular attention given to diabetes-associated chronic wounds.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30645055
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801210 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2018Oxygen-derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short-lived intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species... (Review)
Review
Oxygen-derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short-lived intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species participate in redox reactions leading to oxidative modifications in biomolecules, among which proteins and lipids are preferential targets. Despite a broad array of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in mammalian cells and microbes, excess oxidant formation causes accumulation of new products that may compromise cell function and structure leading to cell degeneration and death. Oxidative events are associated with pathological conditions and the process of normal aging. Notably, physiological levels of oxidants also modulate cellular functions via homeostatic redox-sensitive cell signaling cascades. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO), a free radical and weak oxidant, represents a master physiological regulator via reversible interactions with heme proteins. The bioavailability and actions of NO are modulated by its fast reaction with superoxide radical ([Formula: see text]), which yields an unusual and reactive peroxide, peroxynitrite, representing the merging of the oxygen radicals and NO pathways. In this Inaugural Article, I summarize early and remarkable developments in free radical biochemistry and the later evolution of the field toward molecular medicine; this transition includes our contributions disclosing the relationship of NO with redox intermediates and metabolism. The biochemical characterization, identification, and quantitation of peroxynitrite and its role in disease processes have concentrated much of our attention. Being a mediator of protein oxidation and nitration, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, peroxynitrite represents both a pathophysiologically relevant endogenous cytotoxin and a cytotoxic effector against invading pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Free Radicals; Humans; Molecular Medicine; Nitric Oxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxynitrous Acid; Proteins; Superoxide Dismutase; Tyrosine
PubMed: 29802228
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804932115 -
Medical Gas Research 2019
Topics: Blood Vessels; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 31898600
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.273953 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2019This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit...
This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30556130
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14540 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have been studied for a variety of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, and... (Review)
Review
Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have been studied for a variety of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, and antibacterial. Many hybrids of cinnamic derivatives with other bioactive molecules have been synthesized and evaluated as nitric oxide (NO) donors. Since NO plays a significant role in various biological processes, including vasodilation, inflammation, and neurotransmission, NO donor groups are incorporated into the structures of already-known bioactive molecules to enhance their biological properties. In this review, we present cinnamic hybrids with NO-donating ability useful in the treatment of several diseases.
Topics: Cinnamates; Humans; Inflammation; Nitric Oxide; Vasodilation
PubMed: 34575950
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189788 -
Redox Biology Dec 2015
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26448395
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.038 -
Molecular Plant Feb 2022Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and abiotic stress responses, during which intensive cellular metabolic reprogramming occurs. Integral to these responses is the location of NO biosynthetic and scavenging pathways in diverse cellular compartments, enabling plants to effectively organize signal transduction pathways. NO regulates plant metabolism and, in turn, metabolic pathways reciprocally regulate NO accumulation and function. Thus, these diverse cellular processes are inextricably linked. This review addresses the numerous redox pathways, located in the various subcellular compartments that produce NO, in addition to the mechanisms underpinning NO scavenging. We focus on how this molecular dance is integrated into the metabolic state of the cell. Within this context, a reciprocal relationship between NO accumulation and metabolite production is often apparent. We also showcase cellular pathways, including those associated with nitrate reduction, that provide evidence for this integration of NO function and metabolism. Finally, we discuss the potential importance of the biochemical reactions governing NO levels in determining plant responses to a changing environment.
Topics: Nitric Oxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Development; Plants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34971792
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.012 -
The American Journal of Cardiology Oct 2017The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, and genetic variants allocated to NO-cGMP... (Review)
Review
The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, and genetic variants allocated to NO-cGMP pathway genes, leading to NO-cGMP deficiency, may influence the prevalence or course of cardiovascular disease. NO-cGMP deficiency can be caused by nitric oxide synthase substrate deficiency, substrate competition, defects, or uncoupling; endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase; decreased cGMP production; or increased cGMP degradation. This review presents evidence supporting the role of NO-cGMP deficiency in cardiovascular disease, including findings from genetic association studies for particular polymorphisms, haplotypes, and racial disparities. NO-cGMP pathway components including arginases, guanosine-5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1, nitric oxide synthase, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases, soluble guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G, phosphodiesterase 5, and natriuretic peptides will be discussed.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclic GMP; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29025574
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.013 -
F1000Research 2020Nitric oxide is an endogenously formed gas that acts as a signaling molecule in the human body. The signaling functions of nitric oxide are accomplished through two... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide is an endogenously formed gas that acts as a signaling molecule in the human body. The signaling functions of nitric oxide are accomplished through two primer mechanisms: cGMP-mediated phosphorylation and the formation of S-nitrosocysteine on proteins. This review presents and discusses previous and more recent findings documenting that nitric oxide signaling regulates metabolic activity. These discussions primarily focus on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as the source of nitric oxide.
Topics: Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33042519
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19998.1