-
The American Journal of Occupational... Sep 2022Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Occupational therapy... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Occupational therapy practitioners use creative arts interventions for children with ASD, but relevant evidence for these interventions is lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To provide occupational therapists evidence of the benefit of creative arts interventions for children with ASD by evaluating treatment efficacy and connecting the evidence with the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (4th ed.; OTPF-4).
DATA SOURCES
We searched peer-reviewed articles in six databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Ovid, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Eighteen articles published between 2000 and 2020 met Level 1b or 2b evidence criteria and were retrieved for full review; 15 were included in this scoping review.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION
We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to extract data. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Level 1b or 2b study; (2) quantitative data; (3) published in English; (4) population of children (ages <18 yr); (5) primary diagnosis of ASD; and (6) creative arts intervention in the forms of drawing, painting, or coloring; music; or theater.
FINDINGS
Creative arts interventions benefited children with ASD in two OTPF-4 areas (process and social interaction) pertaining to the Performance Skills domain and one OTPF-4 area (body functions) pertaining to the Client Factors domain. We found similar effects for group and individual intervention sessions, and significant improvements required multiple sessions.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Our findings provide evidence for the efficacy of creative arts interventions to enhance occupation-based outcomes for children with ASD. What This Article Adds: Our findings support occupational therapy practitioners' use of creative arts interventions to improve OTPF-4-based client factors and process and social interaction skills for children with ASD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Communication; Humans; Occupational Therapy; Occupations; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36007137
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.049320 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Jul 2021Although it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time physical activity (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Our objective was to determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA.
METHODS
Searches were run in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and Scopus from inception to June 9, 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers) were eligible. Results were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of evidence assessed with GRADE.
RESULTS
The review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. This suggests that, in our attempts to improve the health of workers through LTPA, tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO # CRD42020191708 .
Topics: Adult; Employment; Exercise; Humans; Leisure Activities; Motor Activity; Occupations; Prospective Studies; Sedentary Behavior; Stress, Psychological; Work; Workload
PubMed: 34284795
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01166-z -
Frontiers in Public Health 2020
Topics: Leisure Activities; Occupations; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 32211365
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00057 -
Canadian Journal of Occupational... Sep 2022. Family caregivers are ever-present and crucial collaborators in the work of occupational therapists but are rarely the focus of their efforts. . This lecture will...
. Family caregivers are ever-present and crucial collaborators in the work of occupational therapists but are rarely the focus of their efforts. . This lecture will discuss the greater inclusion of family caregivers in occupational therapy and the exciting possibilities that emerge from this change. . Family caregivers are a unique client population. This position statement is supported by recent research on occupational therapists' values and shifts towards an occupational participation approach in the profession. Working with this client population requires a nuanced understanding of their experience. Caregiving can be burdensome, but it can also create positive effects many of which can be identified and understood through a relational lens. . Through a three-fold approach, occupational therapists can work with caregivers to locate and mitigate negative caregiving effects, discover, and build on positive effects, and further develop positive outcomes by encouraging and balancing caregiving and non-caregiving occupations.
Topics: Caregivers; Humans; Occupational Therapists; Occupational Therapy; Occupations
PubMed: 36135329
DOI: 10.1177/00084174221103952 -
Journal of Ethnobiology and... Mar 2022Ethnobiology and ethnomedicine investigate the continuously changing complex and inextricable relations among culture, nature, and health. Since the emergence of modern...
Ethnobiology and ethnomedicine investigate the continuously changing complex and inextricable relations among culture, nature, and health. Since the emergence of modern ethnobiology a few decades ago, its essence and mission have been the study of biocultural diversities and the centers of its inquiries have been and are local communities and their co-evolutionary interrelationships between natural environments and social systems. At the core of ethnobiologists' work there are not only conceptualizations of and reflections on others' views about nature and the universe, but also a robust commitment to advocacy in defense of these assemblages of local ecological knowledge, practices, and beliefs (LEK). Homogenization processes and therefore erosion of LEK have occurred throughout history in different ways: from colonialism to industrialization, and from financialization to globalization; however, we cannot forget the role played by centripetal states and even dictatorships in this process, nor the associated political ideology of nationalism, which has often elicited and justified policies aimed at standardizing diversities within state borders. Our research groups have been working since eight years together with local communities in Ukrainian rural areas and documented a remarkable erosion of LEK during the Soviet times, yet an extraordinary surviving biocultural diversity occurs; the ongoing military occupation of Ukraine could further threaten this heritage. While citizens' attention now should be on effectively supporting those who are experiencing hardships during this traumatic time, ethnobiologists will be called hopefully soon to directly participate in rebuilding the biocultural "cobwebs" damaged by the military operations.
Topics: Environment; Humans; Knowledge; Medicine, Traditional; Occupations; Ukraine
PubMed: 35317834
DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00523-x -
AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings.... 2016Recent recommendations for capturing social and behavioral information in electronic health record (EHR) systems for downstream applications, including research,...
Recent recommendations for capturing social and behavioral information in electronic health record (EHR) systems for downstream applications, including research, highlight the need to better represent patient occupation. The objectives of this study were to characterize the content and quality of EHR social history module free-text occupation documentation. After developing categorization schemas, occupation entries with frequencies >5 (n=2,336) and a random sample of those with frequencies ≤5 (n=381) were analyzed. The information contained in the 2,336 entries fell into five groups: occupation (84.7%), occupation details (20.6%), employment status (2.5%), not in labor force (21.6%), and other (2.5%). Quality issues included use of acronyms/abbreviations (9.1%) and misspellings (1.6%). In comparison, quality issues with the 381 entries were: other (29.1%), acronyms/abbreviations (19.0%), and misspellings (9.0%). These findings suggest the need for EHR user training, system enhancements, and content standardization to support use of occupational information for clinical care and research.
Topics: Documentation; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Occupations
PubMed: 28269929
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista de Saude Publica 2020To estimate maternal mortality ratio according to occupation in Brazil.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate maternal mortality ratio according to occupation in Brazil.
METHODS
This is a mortality study conducted with national data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) in 2015. Maternal mortality ratios were estimated according to the occupation recorded in death certificates, using the Brazilian Classification of Occupation (CBO), version 2002.
RESULTS
A total of 1,738 maternal deaths records were found, corresponding to a maternal mortality ratio of 57.6/100,000 live births. It varied among occupational groups, with higher estimates among service and agricultural workers, particularly for domestic workers (123.2/100,000 live births), followed by general agricultural workers (88.3/100,000 live births). Manicurists and nursing technicians also presented high maternal mortality ratio. Maternal occupation was not reported in 17.0% of SIM registers and in 13.2% of SINASC data. Inconsistent records of occupation were found."Housewife" prevailed in SIM (35.5%) and SINASC (39.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal mortality ratio differs by occupation, suggesting a work contribution, which requires further research focusing occupational risk factors. Socioeconomic factors are closely related to occupation, and their combination with work exposures and the poor access to health services need to be also addressed.
Topics: Birth Certificates; Brazil; Death Certificates; Female; Humans; Maternal Mortality; Occupations; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32609276
DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001736 -
FEBS Letters Jul 2022The membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) motif was first defined in 2000, when it was identified in the junctophilin protein family. Dozens of studies have... (Review)
Review
The membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) motif was first defined in 2000, when it was identified in the junctophilin protein family. Dozens of studies have been published ever since, mainly focusing on the function of a given MORN motif-containing protein in parasites, plants or animal cells. Proteins with MORN motifs are not only expressed in most animal and plant cell types, but also significantly differ in their intracellular localization, suggesting that the MORN motifs may fulfill multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have found that MORN motif-containing proteins junctophilin-1/2 and MORN3 play a role in cardiac hypertrophy, skeletal muscle fiber stability and cancer. Hence, MORN motif-containing proteins may be exploited to develop improved treatments for various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review current research on MORN motif-containing proteins in different organisms and provide both ideas and approaches for follow-up exploration of their functions and applications.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Membranes; Occupations; Protein Transport
PubMed: 35568981
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14378 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Dec 2019Working conditions that impair sufficient water intake have been associated with kidney problems such as kidney stones, urinary symptoms and chronic kidney disease... (Review)
Review
Working conditions that impair sufficient water intake have been associated with kidney problems such as kidney stones, urinary symptoms and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Higher prevalence of these morbidities was linked to occupations that do not facilitate worker access to drinking water and toilets, as well as people who perform activities in a hot environment. In this mini-review, we aim to describe and interpret available evidence in the areas of occupation, hydration and kidney health. This review explores examples of documented kidney health problems affecting professions ranging from astronauts and teachers in developed countries to rural workers in low-income settings living in water-restricted or hot environments.
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Occupational Health; Occupations
PubMed: 31323011
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0014 -
Revista Espanola de Sanidad... 2020
Topics: Correctional Facilities; Humans; Occupations; Prisoners; Prisons
PubMed: 33300939
DOI: 10.18176/resp.00017