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Journal of Infection in Developing... Nov 2023Ochrobactrum species are emerging Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria with low virulence. Infection with the Ochrobactrum species is commonly nosocomial and has been...
Ochrobactrum species are emerging Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria with low virulence. Infection with the Ochrobactrum species is commonly nosocomial and has been reported in patients with indwelling medical devices and implants. Among the species of Ochrobactrum infecting humans, Ochrobactrum anthropic and Ochrobactrum intermedium are the commonest ones. We present a case of septicemia caused by Ochrobactrum intermedium in a 75-year-old patient with lower limb cellulitis. This report describes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and treatment of Ochrobactrum infections.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Ochrobactrum; Sepsis
PubMed: 38064389
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17185 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Sep 2017Alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacteria are very interested at detergent applications, not only because of their eco-friendly characterize, but...
BACKGROUND
Alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacteria are very interested at detergent applications, not only because of their eco-friendly characterize, but alsoproduction lipase and biosurfactant by using cheap materials. Ochrobactrum intermedium strain MZV101 was isolated as washing powder resistant, alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacterium in order to use at detergent applications.
METHODS
O. intermedium strain MZV101 produces was lipase and biosurfactant in the same media with pH 10 and temperature of 60 °C. Washing test and some detergent compatibility character of lipase enzyme and biosurfactant were assayed. The antimicrobial activity evaluated against various bacteria and fungi.
RESULTS
Lipase and biosurfactant produced by O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited high stability at pH 10-13 and temperature of 70-90 °C, biosurfactant exhibits good stability at pH 9-13 and thermostability in all range. Both lipase and biosurfactant were found to be stable in the presence of different metal ions, detergents and organic solvents. The lipase enzyme extracted using isopropanol with yield of 69.2% and biosurfactant with ethanol emulsification index value of 70.99% and yield of 9.32 (g/l). The single band protein after through from G-50 Sephadex column on SDS-PAGE was calculated to be 99.42 kDa. Biosurfactant O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and against various bacterial pathogens. Based upon washing test biosurfactant and lipase O. intermedium strain MZV101considered being strong oil removal.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that isolated lipase and biosurfactant with strong oil removal, antimicrobial activity and good stability could be useful for detergent applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Detergents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Ochrobactrum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Solvents; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 28923075
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0565-8 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Oct 2023Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major players in bacterial infection through the recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The LPS chemical structure, including the...
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major players in bacterial infection through the recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The LPS chemical structure, including the oligosaccharide core and the lipid A moiety, can be strongly influenced by adaptation and modulated to assure bacteria protection, evade immune surveillance, or reduce host immune responses. Deep structural understanding of TLRs signaling is essential for the modulation of the innate immune system in sepsis control and inflammation, during bacterial infection. To advance this knowledge, we have employed computational techniques to characterize the TLR4 molecular recognition of atypical LPSs from different opportunistic members of α2-Proteobacteria, including Brucella melitensis, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Ochrobactrum intermedium, with diverse immunostimulatory activities. We contribute to unraveling the role of uncommon lipid A chemical features such as bearing very long-chain fatty acid chains, whose presence has been rarely reported, on modulating the proper heterodimerization of the TLR4 receptor complex. Moreover, we further evaluated the influence of the different oligosaccharide cores, including sugar composition and net charge, on TLR4 activation. Our studies contribute to elucidating, from the molecular and biological perspectives, the impact of the α2-Proteobacteria LPS cores and the chemical structure of the atypical lipid A for immune system evasion in opportunistic bacteria.
Topics: Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Lipid A; Proteobacteria; Immune Evasion; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 37479429
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121094 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple...
A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple heavy metal tolerance ability and had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 mg L of Cd. Growth kinetics, biosorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies on BB12 in the presence of Cd suggested biosorption as primary mode of interaction. SEM and TEM studies revealed surface deposition of Cd. FTIR spectra indicated nitrogen atom in exopolysaccharides secreted by BB12 to be the main site for Cd attachment. The potential of BB12 to alleviate the impact of Cd toxicity in spinach plants ( L.) var. F1-MULAYAM grown in the soil containing Cd at 25, 50, and 75 mg kg was evaluated. Without bacterial inoculation, plants showed delayed germination, decrease in the chlorophyll content, and stunted growth at 50 and 75 mg kg Cd content. Bacterial inoculation, however, resulted in the early germination, increased chlorophyll, and increase in shoot (28.33%) and root fresh weight (72.60%) at 50 mg kg of Cd concentration after 75 days of sowing. Due to bacterial inoculation, elevated proline accumulation and lowered down superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was observed in the Cd-stressed plants. The isolate BB12 was capable of alleviating Cd from the soil by biosorption as evident from significant reduction in the uptake/translocation and bioaccumulation of Cd in bacteria itself and in the plant parts of treated spinach. Potential PGP prospects and heavy metal bioremediation capability of BB12 can make the environmental application of the organism a promising approach to reduce Cd toxicity in the crops grown in metal-contaminated soils.
PubMed: 35140690
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758144 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in...
and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in these genera which might be important for survival and virulence. Previous studies on lysogeny indicated that active phages are rare in this genus. To gain insight into the presence and nature of prophages in , temperate phages were isolated from various species and characterized in detail. analyses disclosed numerous prophages in published genomes. Induction experiments showed that prophages can be induced by various stress factors and that some strains released phage particles even under non-induced conditions. Sixty percent of lysates prepared from 125 strains revealed lytic activity. The host range and DNA similarities of 19 phages belonging to the families , or were determined suggesting that they are highly diverse. Some phages showed relationship to the temperate phage BiPB01. The genomic sequences of the myovirus POA1180 (41,655 bp) and podovirus POI1126 (60,065 bp) were analyzed. Phage POA1180 is very similar to a prophage recently identified in a strain isolated from an exotic frog. The POA1180 genome contains genes which may confer resistance to chromate and the ability to take up sulfate. Phage POI1126 is related to podoviruses of (PCB5), (Pep14), and (BcepIL02) and almost identical to an unnamed plasmid of the strain LMG 3301. Further experiments revealed that the POI1126 prophage indeed replicates as an extrachromosomal element. The data demonstrate for the first time that active prophages are common in and suggest that atypical brucellae also may be a reservoir for temperate phages.
PubMed: 28713341
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01207 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex is considered the major receptor of the innate immune system to recognize...
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex is considered the major receptor of the innate immune system to recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). However, some atypical LPSs with different lipid A and core saccharide moiety structures and compositions than the well-studied enterobacterial LPSs can induce a TLR2-dependent response in innate immune cells. , an opportunistic pathogen, presents an atypical LPS. In this study, we found that LPS exhibits a weak inflammatory activity compared to LPS and, more importantly, is a specific TLR4/TLR2 agonist, able to signal through both receptors. Molecular docking analysis of LPS predicts a favorable formation of a TLR2/TLR4/MD-2 heterodimer complex, which was experimentally confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in cells. Interestingly, the core saccharide plays an important role in this interaction. This study reveals for the first time TLR4/TLR2 heterodimerization that is induced by atypical LPS and may help to escape from recognition by the innate immune system.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Endotoxins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Molecular Docking Simulation; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Mice
PubMed: 35140704
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748303 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Jun 2024Due to the constant and improper use of chemicals, including pesticides, many substances, and their degradation products can accumulate in the soil and negatively affect...
BACKGROUND
Due to the constant and improper use of chemicals, including pesticides, many substances, and their degradation products can accumulate in the soil and negatively affect its organisms.
METHODS
In this study, morphological methods, Gram-staining, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionzation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) methods were used to isolate bacteria from agricultural soils, while genetic identification was conducted using 16S rRNA. The density of bacteria was determined using the spectrophotometric method, and the residual amount of cypermethrin was determined and analyzed using Gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
RESULTS
Nine isolates were obtained from various agricultural soils. Isolate No. 3 showed the greatest effectiveness against cypermethrin and was selected for further research. Isolate No. 3 was identified as the strain PDB-3 and was registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (GenBank: OL587509.1). Using this strain, the influence of various external factors on the degradation of cypermethrin was studied. This bacterium demonstrated 100% degradation of cypermethrin in 20 days under optimal conditions (temperature: 30 °C; optical density (OD) = 0.2; cypermethrin concentration: 80 ± 0.02 mg/kg). In addition, PDB-3 changed the original structure of cypermethrin into various intermediate metabolites, such as 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy benzeneacetonitrile, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, methyl stearate, anethol, citral, and phenol.
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained using PDB-3 provide the basis for large-scale field trials on the bioremediation of cypermethrin-contaminated soils.
Topics: Pyrethrins; Ochrobactrum; Pesticides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Soil Microbiology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 38939915
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1602020 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2017The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain...
The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical broth medium for detergent applications. Environmental factor pH determined to be most mutual significant variables on production. A high concentration of molasses at high temperature and pH has a negative effect on lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101. The chosen mathematical method of medium optimization was sufficient for improving the industrial production of lipase and biosurfactant by bacteria, which were respectively increased 3.46- and 1.89-fold. The duration of maximum production became 24 h shorter, so it was fast and cost-saving. In conclusion, lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical culture medium at pH 10.5-11 and 50-60 °C, with 1 g/L of molasses, seemed to be economical, fast, and effective for the enhancement of yield percentage for use in detergent applications.
Topics: Culture Media; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Microbiology; Lipase; Molasses; Ochrobactrum; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 28891975
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091460 -
3 Biotech Jun 2023The increase in the generation of chicken feathers, due to the large production of the poultry industry, has created the need to search for ecologically safer ways to...
The increase in the generation of chicken feathers, due to the large production of the poultry industry, has created the need to search for ecologically safer ways to manage these residues. As a sustainable alternative for recycling keratin waste, we investigated the ability of the bacterium to hydrolyze chicken feathers and the valorization of the resulting enzymes and protein hydrolysate. In submerged fermentation with three different inoculum sizes (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg of bacterial cells per 50 mL of medium), the fastest degradation of feathers was achieved with 5.0 mg cells, in which a complete decomposition of the substrate (96 h) and earlier peaks of keratinolytic and caseinolytic activities were detected. In the resulting protein hydrolysate, we noticed antioxidant and Fe and Cu chelating activities. ABTS scavenging, Fe-reducing ability and metal chelating activities of the fermentative samples followed the same trend of feather degradation; as feather mass decreased in the media, these activities increased. Furthermore, we noticed about 47% and 60% dispersion of established 7-day biofilms formed by after enzymatic treatment for 5 h and 24 h, respectively. These findings highlight the potential use of this bacterium as an environmentally friendly alternative to treat this poultry waste and offer valuable products.
PubMed: 37220603
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03619-7 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2021Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first...
BACKGROUND
Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first identified case of Ochrobactrum intermedium was reported in 1998 in a liver transplantation patient with liver abcess. There are no reports of infections in pediatric patients. Here, we report the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A two and a half years old male was admitted with fever, chills and nausea. He had been diagnosed as pineoblastoma and underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy. O. intermedium was isolated from his blood cultures and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), however, the Vitek II automated system failed to identify the organism. Then the pathogen was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing and average nucleotide identity result (ANI) confirmed the precise identification of O. intermedium at genomic level. In addition, the patient recovered well after antibiotic combined therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
This, to our knowledge, is the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient with malignant tumor. Traditional biochemical identification methods such as API 20NE or VITEK2 system cannot differentiate O. anthropi and O. intermedium. MALDI-TOF may be a promising tool for rapid identification of microorganisms such as O. intermedium.
Topics: Bacteremia; Child, Preschool; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Ochrobactrum
PubMed: 34906070
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06938-3