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Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2021This article reviews odontogenic and developmental oral lesions encountered in the gnathic region of pediatric patients. The process of odontogenesis is discussed as it... (Review)
Review
This article reviews odontogenic and developmental oral lesions encountered in the gnathic region of pediatric patients. The process of odontogenesis is discussed as it is essential to understanding the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors. The clinical presentation, microscopic features, and prognosis are addressed for odontogenic lesions in the neonate (dental lamina cysts/gingival cysts of the newborn, congenital (granular cell) epulis of the newborn, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, choristoma/heterotopia, cysts of foregut origin), lesions associated with unerupted/erupting teeth (hyperplastic dental follicle, eruption cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst/keratocystic odonogenic tumor, buccal bifurcation cyst/inflammatory collateral cyst) and pediatric odontogenic hamartomas and tumors (odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, primordial odontogenic tumor). Pediatric odontogenic and developmental oral lesions range from common to rare, but familiarity with these entities is essential due to the varying management implications of these diagnoses.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Jaw Diseases; Male; Odontogenesis; Tooth Abnormalities
PubMed: 33723756
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01284-3 -
Cureus Aug 2022Ameloblastoma is one of the most common benign odontogenic tumors of the jaw that constitutes about 10% of all tumors that arise in the mandible and maxilla. It is a... (Review)
Review
Ameloblastoma is one of the most common benign odontogenic tumors of the jaw that constitutes about 10% of all tumors that arise in the mandible and maxilla. It is a slow-growing but locally invasive tumor that presents with painless swelling of the mandible or maxilla. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2017 describes ameloblastomas of the following four types: ameloblastoma; unicystic ameloblastoma; extraosseous/peripheral ameloblastoma; and metastasizing ameloblastoma. The diagnosis of ameloblastoma requires computerized tomography (CT) imaging as well as a biopsy. A biopsy is helpful in differentiating ameloblastoma from ossifying fibroma, osteomyelitis, giant cell tumor, cystic fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, and sarcoma. The best treatment of ameloblastoma is aggressive en bloc resection with simultaneous reconstruction. The high recurrence rate and large tissue defects have been long-standing issues in the treatment of ameloblastoma. Recent molecular developments strongly suggest the possibility of targeted therapy with better outcomes in ameloblastomas. We present a detailed updated narrative review of our current understanding and management of this enigmatic tumor.
PubMed: 36127985
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27734 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022Peripheral ossifying fibromas (POFs) and peripheral odontogenic fibromas (POdFs) appear clinically similar but of different histogenesis. The novel marker SATB2 is...
Peripheral ossifying fibromas (POFs) and peripheral odontogenic fibromas (POdFs) appear clinically similar but of different histogenesis. The novel marker SATB2 is involved in regulation of osteoblastic differentiation and phenotype. However, SATB2 expression has not been previously explored in POFs and POdFs. Given the potential for mineralized tissue formation in POFs and POdFs, and to more clarify the phenotype of the lesional cells, this study was aimed to immunohistochemically investigate SATB2 expression in POFs and POdFs. Fourteen cases of POF and POdF (7 cases each) were selected, stained for SATB2 immunohistochemically, and scored according to the percentage of positive lesional cells (0, no staining; 1 +, < 5%; 2 +, 5-25%; 3 +, 26-50%; 4 +, 51-75%; and 5 +, 76-100%), and the intensity of staining was graded as weak, moderate, or strong. The control group included the inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia-like area present in two cases, 1 case fibroma, and 1 case giant cell fibroma. Moderate to strong, and diffuse SATB2 nuclear immunoreactivity was detected in the lesional cells of all cases of POFs and POdFs with variable scores; 3-5 + for the POFs and 3-4 + for the POdFs (P = 0.101). The distribution of staining was more prominent in those lesional cells associated with the osteoid/calcification in the cases of POFs. No staining was noted in the control group. The lesional cells in both POFs and POdFs express SATB2 and may exhibit the osteoblastic-like phenotype. SATB2 staining may be useful for diagnosis of subsets of POFs with minimal or absent calcification and some POdFs with unidentifiable odontogenic epithelium.
Topics: Calcinosis; Fibroma, Ossifying; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Hyperplasia; Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; Odontogenic Tumors; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 34224081
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01355-z -
Head & Face Medicine Jul 2021Aberrant expression of stem cell markers has been observed in several types of neoplasms. This trait attributes to the acquired stem-like property of tumor cells and can...
BACKGROUND
Aberrant expression of stem cell markers has been observed in several types of neoplasms. This trait attributes to the acquired stem-like property of tumor cells and can impact patient prognosis. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the expression and significance of SOX2 and OCT4 in various types of odontogenic cysts and tumors.
METHODS
Fifty-five cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors, including 15 ameloblastomas (AM), 5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), 5 ameloblastic fibromas (AF), 5 calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC), 10 dentigerous cysts (DC) and 15 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) were investigated for the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 immunohistochemically.
RESULTS
Most OKCs (86.7 %) and all AFs expressed SOX2 in more than 50 % of epithelial cells. Its immunoreactivity was moderate-to-strong in all epithelial cell types in both lesions. In contrast, SOX2 expression was undetectable in AOTs and limited to the ameloblast-like cells in a minority of AM and COC cases. Most DCs showed positive staining in less than 25 % of cystic epithelium. Significantly greater SOX2 expression was noted in OKC compared with DC or AM, and in AF compared with COC or AOT. OCT4 rarely expressed in odontogenic lesions with the immunoreactivity being mild and present exclusively in OKCs.
CONCLUSIONS
SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumors. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. The overexpression of SOX2 and OCT4 in OKC indicates the acquired stem-like property. Future studies should investigate whether the overexpression of OCT4 and SOX2 contributes to the aggressive behaviors of the tumors.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34261507
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00283-1 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2015Ghost cells have been a controversy for a long time. Ghost cell is a swollen/enlarged epithelial cell with eosnophilic cytoplasm, but without a nucleus. In routine H and... (Review)
Review
Ghost cells have been a controversy for a long time. Ghost cell is a swollen/enlarged epithelial cell with eosnophilic cytoplasm, but without a nucleus. In routine H and E staining these cells give a shadowy appearance. Hence these cells are also called as shadow cells or translucent cells. The appearance of these cells varies from lesion to lesion involving odontogenic and nonodontogenic lesions. This article review about the origin, nature and significance of ghost cells in different neoplasms.
PubMed: 26015694
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155864 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022CDC7 is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a key role in initiating DNA replication. It has been implicated in the growth and invasion of many pathologic lesions and...
OBJECTIVES
CDC7 is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a key role in initiating DNA replication. It has been implicated in the growth and invasion of many pathologic lesions and suggested as a diagnostic marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate CDC7 in some odontogenic tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 45 cases, including 19 ameloblastomas, 15 dentigerous cysts, 7 ameloblastic fibromas, and 4 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), were studied immunohistochemically. ANOVA and post hoc methods were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
CDC7 expression was observed in 93% of tumors and all dentigerous cysts. The expression rate was low. The results showed a higher expression rate of CDC7 in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma compared to AOT (=0.009 and =0.048, respectively). Ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma were not significantly different in CDC7 expression (=0.6).
CONCLUSION
According to the results, the expression of the CDC7 protein in odontogenic tumors is low. The higher expression of CDC7 in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma in comparison with AOT confirms the hamartomatous growth of the latter, so it can be considered as a potential diagnostic marker. Future studies with a larger sample size are suggested to obtain a cut-off point for diagnostic purposes.
PubMed: 36483932
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6336003 -
Analytical Cellular Pathology... 2018Growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) play a major role in organogenesis and specifically in odontogenesis. They...
Growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) play a major role in organogenesis and specifically in odontogenesis. They are also believed to have a role in oncogenesis. Thus, any discrepancies in their standard behavior and activity would lead to serious abnormalities including odontogenic cyst and tumors. The present research work investigated the expression of BMP4 and FGF8 in odontogenic tumors (OT) and cyst as well as developing tooth germs to elucidate their roles. Dental organs of various odontogenic stages and 30 OTs including solid multicystic ameloblastomas (SMA, 10 cases), ameloblastic fibroma (AF, 10 cases), odontogenic myxoma (OM, 10 cases), and odontogenic cysts: odontogenic keratocyst (OKC, 10 cases) were evaluated in both epithelial and mesenchymal components for the expression of BMP4 and FGF8 using immunohistochemistry. The epithelial nuclear expression of BMP4 was highest in OKC (9 cases) while FGF8 was highest in SMA (10 cases). The mesenchymal nuclear expression of both BMP4 (8 cases) ( = 0.001) and FGF8 (9 cases) ( = 0.045) were significantly high in OMs among all OTs. Both growth factors were actively expressed in different stages of tooth development. The expression of BMP4 and FGF8 corelates well with the proliferative component of the pathologies, indicating a possible role in the pathogenesis and progression.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; Cell Nucleus; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mesoderm; Myxoma; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 30079292
DOI: 10.1155/2018/1204549 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Four camels () presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at King Faisal University with maxillary masses. On radiographs, the masses were multicystic and expanded...
Four camels () presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at King Faisal University with maxillary masses. On radiographs, the masses were multicystic and expanded the maxillary bone. The tumors were diagnosed by histopathologic examination as conventional ameloblastoma, two cases as intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma, and central odontogenic fibroma with ossification. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ameloblastoma in a camel, the first detailed description of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in camels, and the first report of central odontogenic fibroma in any animal species.
PubMed: 37456952
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153398 -
Pathologica Apr 2021The World Health Organization's (WHO) updated classification of head and neck tumors (2017) defined odontogenic fibroma as a rare neoplasm. In this report, we describe...
The World Health Organization's (WHO) updated classification of head and neck tumors (2017) defined odontogenic fibroma as a rare neoplasm. In this report, we describe an unusual, typical and rare variant of a central odontogenic fibroma with diffuse amyloid-like protein stromal deposition, and discuss the differential diagnosis with other entities. Radiographically, this lesion presented as a well-defined radiolucency of the mandible, partially cystic. Histologically, the lesion showed a unique confluence of odontogenic epithelial rests in a moderately cellular connective tissue. Immunohistochemical staining highlighted a mixture of benign epithelial and Langerhans cells within connective tissue with diffuse amyloid-like stromal deposition. The importance of recognizing this variant of odontogenic fibroma is due to its benign prognosis and clinical course.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Fibroma; Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Prognosis
PubMed: 34042096
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-152