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Ophthalmology Sep 2020
Topics: Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Information Dissemination; Intersectoral Collaboration; Ophthalmologists; Ophthalmology; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; SARS-CoV-2; Social Media
PubMed: 32502595
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.048 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2022To report the representation of female ophthalmologists receiving private industry funding from 2015 through 2018, and to compare to previously observed trends.
PURPOSE
To report the representation of female ophthalmologists receiving private industry funding from 2015 through 2018, and to compare to previously observed trends.
DESIGN
Retrospective, comparative trend study METHODS: The study population consisted of US ophthalmologists listed in CMS Open Payments Database. Data were reviewed for payments for research, consulting, honoraria, industry grants, faculty and speakers, royalties, and services other than consulting. The primary outcome measure was percentage of female representation compared to male in each sub-category of payment.
RESULTS
The percentage of female, board-certified ophthalmologists who practiced in the United States ranged from 21.3% to 24.1%. The total number of reported ophthalmologists with industry ties ranged from 1629 to 1873, of whom between 17.2% and 19.4% were women. Women received significantly less industry compensation by than men in 2015 (median average $3273 vs $4825, P = .003), 2016 ($3600 vs $4750, P = .023), 2017 ($2493 vs $3500, P = .013), and 2018 ($2000 vs $3000, P = .011). Women remained underrepresented in receiving payments for research (ranging from 5.4% of total paid for research to 8.0%), consulting (11%-17.4%), honoraria (6%-14.9%), industry grants (4%-41.2%), royalties and licenses (0.1%-10.2%), faculty and speakers (11.6%-16.4%), and services other than consulting (8.4%-28.9%). Compared to 2013-2014, an increasing proportion of women received industry payments for consulting (P = .012), honoraria (P = .007), royalties and licenses (P = .019), faculty and speakers (P = .007), and services other than consulting (P = .007).
CONCLUSIONS
Female ophthalmologists remain underrepresented in terms of the percentage of women who receive private industry funding and dollar value of the funding.
Topics: Conflict of Interest; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Industry; Male; Ophthalmologists; Ophthalmology; Retrospective Studies; United States
PubMed: 34509432
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.001 -
Ophthalmology Nov 2019
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biomedical Research; Eye Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Neural Networks, Computer; Ophthalmologists; Peer Review, Research; Reference Standards
PubMed: 31635697
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.014 -
JAMA Ophthalmology May 2022Representation of women in medicine and ophthalmology has increased in recent years. However, substantial inequities still exist between salaries for male and female...
IMPORTANCE
Representation of women in medicine and ophthalmology has increased in recent years. However, substantial inequities still exist between salaries for male and female physicians.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the status of disparities in compensation among US academic ophthalmologists and compare compensation across specialties.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cross-sectional study analyzed data for full-time academic physicians practicing in 154 accredited US medical schools. Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Salary Report for fiscal year 2019-2020 were used to evaluate disparities in total compensation for female and male academic ophthalmologists.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Median total compensation for female and male ophthalmologists in fiscal year 2019-2020.
RESULTS
Female academic ophthalmologists were paid a mean of $50 300 (95% CI, $4600-$96 000) less than their male counterparts. This trend was present across other specialties with women earning less than men by amounts ranging between $25 100 (95% CI, $1000-$49 300) in nonsurgical specialties and $104 400 (95% CI, $62 800-$146 600) in general surgery. Including all academic ranks, women's total compensation was between 75% (general surgery) and 82% (nonsurgical specialties) of men's compensation.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings indicate that female academic ophthalmologists are paid less than their male counterparts. Future research and efforts to increase awareness and close the pay gaps seem warranted to encourage more women to pursue careers in ophthalmology and to achieve parity in the field.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty, Medical; Female; Humans; Male; Ophthalmologists; Salaries and Fringe Benefits; Sex Characteristics; United States
PubMed: 35323861
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0376 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmologists; Ophthalmology
PubMed: 36190023
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2199_22 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes complication that can cause vision loss among patients due to damage to blood vessels in the retina. Early retinal screening can...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes complication that can cause vision loss among patients due to damage to blood vessels in the retina. Early retinal screening can avoid the severe consequences of DR and enable timely treatment. Nowadays, researchers are trying to develop automated deep learning-based DR segmentation tools using retinal fundus images to help Ophthalmologists with DR screening and early diagnosis. However, recent studies are unable to design accurate models due to the unavailability of larger training data with consistent and fine-grained annotations. To address this problem, we propose a semi-supervised multitask learning approach that exploits widely available unlabelled data (i.e., Kaggle-EyePACS) to improve DR segmentation performance. The proposed model consists of novel multi-decoder architecture and involves both unsupervised and supervised learning phases. The model is trained for the unsupervised auxiliary task to effectively learn from additional unlabelled data and improve the performance of the primary task of DR segmentation. The proposed technique is rigorously evaluated on two publicly available datasets (i.e., FGADR and IDRiD) and results show that the proposed technique not only outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques but also exhibits improved generalisation and robustness for cross-data evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Retinopathy; Retina; Fundus Oculi; Supervised Machine Learning; Ophthalmologists; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37277554
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36311-0 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2020
Topics: Disease Management; Eye Diseases; Humans; Ophthalmologists; Universal Health Care
PubMed: 31957707
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_83_20 -
JAMA Ophthalmology Jun 2022The association between availability of eye care clinicians and visual impairment, a condition presenting with increased morbidity and health care costs, has not been...
IMPORTANCE
The association between availability of eye care clinicians and visual impairment, a condition presenting with increased morbidity and health care costs, has not been thoroughly studied.
OBJECTIVE
To examine associations between the geographic distribution of eye care clinicians and visual impairment in California.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey-based cross-sectional study included ophthalmologists and optometrists licensed in California in 2018 and 2020 as well as respondents to the 2014 to 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) by California counties and Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs). Data were analyzed from August 2020 to December 2021.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Prevalence of visual impairment by county and MSSA.
EXPOSURES
The number of eye care clinicians was determined based on the number of member ophthalmologists of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in 2018 and optometrists listed in the 2020 Blue Book of Optometrists in California. The prevalence of visual impairment was determined using questionnaire data from the American Community Survey. Linear regression was used to assess multivariable associations between number of eye care clinicians and visual impairment by MSSA.
RESULTS
A total of 30 068 581 California residents were included; 15 253 655 (50.7%) were female, and 5 314 389 (17.7%) were 65 years and older. The overall number of eye care clinicians was 22.18 clinicians per 100 000 residents. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 2411.07 residents with visual impairment per 100 000 residents. San Francisco County had the highest number of eye care clinicians per 100 000 residents (39.24 clinicians per 100 000 residents). Four counties had no eye care clinicians (Alpine, Mariposa, Inyo, and Sierra counties). For every increase of 1 eye care clinician per 100 000 residents, there was a mean (SE) decrease of 3.90 (1.39) persons with visual impairment per 100 000 residents in adjusted analyses.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cross-sectional study, a higher number of eye care clinicians was potentially associated with lower prevalence of visual impairment in California. Additional studies are needed to assess eye care clinician availability on a national and global scale and strategies to improve access to eye care.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Ophthalmologists; Optometrists; United States; Vision, Low
PubMed: 35511131
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1001 -
Eye (London, England) Jun 2021Patients with headache and head pain are often referred to ophthalmologists. These symptoms can either be associated with underlying ophthalmic conditions, or more often... (Review)
Review
Patients with headache and head pain are often referred to ophthalmologists. These symptoms can either be associated with underlying ophthalmic conditions, or more often are headache disorders unrelated to the eyes. Understanding the phenotype of the headache is critical for advice, safe discharge or onward referral. This review will provide an update on the criteria for common headache disorders that are often seen by ophthalmology and embrace disorders associated with ophthalmic diseases. It will also describe the changing management of migraine and outline recent therapies that are currently available.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Headache; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Ophthalmologists; Ophthalmology
PubMed: 33580185
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01421-4 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of glaucoma screening using fundus photography combined with optical coherence tomography and determine the agreement between...
We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of glaucoma screening using fundus photography combined with optical coherence tomography and determine the agreement between ophthalmologists and ophthalmology residents. We used a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination dataset obtained from 503 cases (1006 eyes). Of the 1006 eyes, 132 had a confirmed glaucoma diagnosis. Overall, 24 doctors, comprising two groups (ophthalmologists and ophthalmology residents, 12 individuals/group), analyzed the data presented in three screening strategies as follows: (1) fundus photography alone, (2) fundus photography + optical coherence tomography, and (3) fundus photography + optical coherence tomography + comprehensive examination. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity). The respective sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnostic accuracy obtained by 24 doctors, 12 ophthalmologists, and 12 ophthalmology residents were as follows: (1) fundus photography: sensitivity, 55.4%, 55.4%, and 55.4%; specificity, 91.8%, 94.0%, and 89.6%; (2) fundus photography + OCT: sensitivity, 80.0%, 82.3%, and 77.8%; specificity, 91.7%, 92.9%, and 90.6%; and (3) fundus photography + OCT + comprehensive examination: sensitivity 78.4%, 79.8%, and 77.1%; specificity, 92.7%, 94.0%, and 91.3%. The diagnostic accuracy of glaucoma screening significantly increased with optical coherence tomography. Following its addition, ophthalmologists could more effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy than ophthalmology residents. Screening accuracy is improved when optical coherence tomography is added to fundus photography.
PubMed: 35626256
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051100