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Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2015
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypertension, Malignant; Ophthalmoscopy; Vision Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 26418709
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Eye Research May 2021Noninvasive in vivo imaging of the mouse retina is essential for eye research. However, imaging the mouse fundus is challenging due to its small size and requires... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of the mouse retina is essential for eye research. However, imaging the mouse fundus is challenging due to its small size and requires specialized equipment, maintenance, and training. These issues hinder the routine evaluation of the mouse retina. In this study, we developed a noncontact imaging system consisting of a smartphone, a 90D condensing lens, a homemade light diaphragm, a tripod, and a Bluetooth remote. With minimal training, examiners were able to capture fundus images from the mouse retina. We also found that fundus images captured using our system from wild type mice, mice with laser-induced retinal injury, and a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa showed a quality similar to those captured using a commercial fundus camera. These images enabled us to identify normal structures and pathological changes in the mouse retina. Additionally, fluorescein angiography was possible with the smartphone system. We believe that the smartphone imaging system is low cost, simple, accessible, easy to operate, and suitable for the routine screening and examination of the mouse eye.
Topics: Animals; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Mice; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Smartphone
PubMed: 33675778
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108530 -
BioMed Research International 2015The iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare ocular disorder that includes a group of conditions characterized by structural and proliferative abnormalities of... (Review)
Review
The iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare ocular disorder that includes a group of conditions characterized by structural and proliferative abnormalities of the corneal endothelium, the anterior chamber angle, and the iris. Common clinical features include corneal edema, secondary glaucoma, iris atrophy, and pupillary anomalies, ranging from distortion to polycoria. The main subtypes of this syndrome are the progressive iris atrophy, the Cogan-Reese syndrome, and the Chandler syndrome. ICE syndrome is usually diagnosed in women in the adult age. Clinical history and complete eye examination including tonometry and gonioscopy are necessary to reach a diagnosis. Imaging techniques, such as in vivo confocal microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy, are used to confirm the diagnosis by revealing the presence of "ICE-cells" on the corneal endothelium and the structural changes of the anterior chamber angle. An early diagnosis is helpful to better manage the most challenging complications such as secondary glaucoma and corneal edema. Treatment of ICE-related glaucoma often requires glaucoma filtering surgery with antifibrotic agents and the use of glaucoma drainage implants should be considered early in the management of these patients. Visual impairment and pain associated with corneal edema can be successfully managed with endothelial keratoplasty.
Topics: Corneal Transplantation; Diagnosis, Differential; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Gonioscopy; Humans; Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome; Male; Medical History Taking; Microscopy, Acoustic; Microscopy, Confocal; Ophthalmoscopy; Tonometry, Ocular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26451377
DOI: 10.1155/2015/763093 -
Eye (London, England) Jan 2021Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, FLIO, has gained large interest in the scientific community in the recent years. It is a noninvasive imaging modality that... (Review)
Review
Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, FLIO, has gained large interest in the scientific community in the recent years. It is a noninvasive imaging modality that has been shown to provide additional information to conventional imaging modalities. The FLIO device is based on a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis system. Autofluorescence lifetimes are excited at 473 nm and recorded in two spectral wavelength channels, a short spectral channel (SSC, 498-560 nm) and a long spectral channel (LSC, 560-720 nm). Typically, mean autofluorescence lifetimes in a 30° retinal field are investigated. FLIO shows a clear benefit for imaging different retinal diseases. For example, in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ring patterns of prolonged FLIO lifetimes 1.5-3.0 mm from the fovea can be appreciated. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) shows a different pattern, with prolonged FLIO lifetimes within the typical MacTel zone. In Stargardt disease, retinal flecks can be appreciated even before they are visible with other imaging modalities. Early hydroxychloroquine toxicity appears to be detectable with FLIO. This technique has more potential that has yet to be discovered. This review article focuses on current knowledge as well as pitfalls of this technology. It highlights clinical benefits of FLIO imaging in different ophthalmic and systemic diseases, and provides an outlook with perspectives from the authors.
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Imaging; Retina; Retinal Telangiectasis; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 33268846
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01287-y -
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Jan 2019Recent developments in imaging technologies now allow the documentation, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of peripheral retinal lesions. As wide field retinal... (Review)
Review
Recent developments in imaging technologies now allow the documentation, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of peripheral retinal lesions. As wide field retinal imaging, capturing both the central and peripheral retina up to 200° eccentricity, is becoming readily available the question is: what is it that we gain by imaging the periphery? Based on accumulating evidence it is clear that findings in the periphery do not always associate to those observed in the posterior pole. However, the newly acquired information may provide useful clues to previously unrecognised disease features and may facilitate more accurate disease prognostication. In this review, we explore the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral retina, focusing on how it differs from the posterior pole, recount the history of peripheral retinal imaging, describe various peripheral retinal lesions and evaluate the overall relevance of peripheral retinal findings to different diseases.
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Imaging; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30316018
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.001 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2021
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina
PubMed: 33727434
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2726_20 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2019Digital fundus imaging is being used in diagnosis, documentation, and sharing of many retinal diseases and hence forms an essential part of ophthalmology. The use of...
Digital fundus imaging is being used in diagnosis, documentation, and sharing of many retinal diseases and hence forms an essential part of ophthalmology. The use of smartphones for the same has been ever increasing. There is a need for simpler devices to couple the 20D lens and smartphone so as to take fundus photographs which can help in fundus documentation. This article describes a simple inexpensive technique of preparing a smartphone fundus photography device (Trash To Treasure (T3) Retcam) from the used materials in the clinics within minutes. This article will also review the optical principles of the T3 Retcam and describe the step-by-step method to record good-quality retinal image/videos. This inexpensive device is made by recycling and modifying the plastic hand sanitizer bottle in the clinics/hospitals which can be used for documenting, diagnosing, screening, and academic purposes.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Equipment Design; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Photography; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Smartphone; Telemedicine; Video Recording
PubMed: 30900590
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1524_18 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2023To investigate the presence and prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in patients with age-related macular degeneration using multiple imaging modalities and to...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the presence and prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in patients with age-related macular degeneration using multiple imaging modalities and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these modalities in the detection of RPD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Images from a total of 198 consecutive patients were analyzed prospectively. Color fundus photography, red-free imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), infrared and blue reflectance (BR) imaging, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography were performed. RPD was diagnosed in the presence of relevant findings in at least two of the imaging methods used.
RESULTS
RPD were detected in 149 eyes (37.6%). In the detection of RPD, color fundus photography, red-free photography, SD-OCT, infrared, FAF, BR, and FFA imaging had sensitivity values of 50%, 57.7%, 91.6%, 95%, 74.6%, 65.7%, and 28.2% and specificity values of 99.6%, 100%, 98.4%, 94.6%, 100%, 99.6%, and 69.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Infrared imaging had the highest sensitivity. SD-OCT combined with infrared imaging was the most sensitive imaging technique for detecting RPD. The high specificity of FAF, red-free, and BR imaging may be useful to confirm a diagnosis of RPD.
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Retinal Drusen; Macular Degeneration; Fluorescein Angiography; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 37867466
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.85616 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Mar 2020Cones are at great risk in a wide variety of retinal diseases, especially when there is a harsh microenvironment and retinal pigment epithelium is damaged. We provide... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cones are at great risk in a wide variety of retinal diseases, especially when there is a harsh microenvironment and retinal pigment epithelium is damaged. We provide established and new methods for assessing cones and retinal pigment epithelium, together with new results. We investigated conditions under which cones can be imaged and could guide light, despite the proximity of less than ideal retinal pigment epithelium.
RECENT FINDINGS
We used a variety of imaging methods to detect and localise damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. As age-related macular degeneration is a particularly widespread disease, we imaged clinical hallmarks: drusen and hyperpigmentation. Using near infrared light provided improved imaging of the deeper fundus layers. We compared confocal and multiply scattered light images, using both the variation of detection apertures and polarisation analysis. We used optical coherence tomography to examine distances between structures and thickness of retinal layers, as well as identifying damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. We counted cones using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We compared the results of five subjects with geographic atrophy to data from a previous normative ageing study. Using near infrared imaging and layer analysis of optical coherence tomography, the widespread aspect of drusen became evident. Both multiply scattered light imaging and analysis of the volume in the retinal pigment epithelial layer from the optical coherence tomography were effective in localising drusen and hyperpigmentation beneath the photoreceptors. Cone photoreceptors in normal older eyes were shorter than in younger eyes. Cone photoreceptors survived in regions of atrophy, but with greatly reduced and highly variable density. Regular arrays of cones were found in some locations, despite abnormal retinal pigment epithelium. For some subjects, the cone density was significantly greater than normative values in some retinal locations outside the atrophy.
SUMMARY
The survival of cones within atrophy is remarkable. The unusually dense packing of cones at some retinal locations outside the atrophy indicates more fluidity in cone distribution than typically thought. Together these findings suggest strategies for therapy that includes preserving cones.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Ophthalmoscopy; Optics and Photonics; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 32017191
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12670 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2023We used automated image analysis of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) to investigate mechanical strains imposed on disc, and retinal and choroidal vessels during...
PURPOSE
We used automated image analysis of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) to investigate mechanical strains imposed on disc, and retinal and choroidal vessels during horizontal duction in adults.
DESIGN
Deep learning analysis of optical images.
METHODS
The peripapillary region was imaged by SLO in central gaze, and 35° abduction and adduction, in younger and older healthy adults. Automated image registration was followed by deep learning-based optical flow analysis to track determine local tissue deformations quantified as horizontal, vertical, and shear strain maps relative to central gaze. Choroidal vessel displacements were observed when fundus pigment was light.
RESULTS
Strains in the retina and disc could be quantified in 22 younger (mean ± SEM, 26 ± 5 years) and 19 older (64 ± 10 years) healthy volunteers. Strains were predominantly horizontal and greater for adduction than for abduction. During adduction, maximum horizontal strain was tensile in the nasal hemi-disc, and declined progressively with distance from it. Strain in the temporal hemi-retina during adduction was minimal, except for compressive strain on the disc of older subjects. In abduction, horizontal strains were less and largely confined to the disc, greater in older subjects, and generally tensile. Vertical and shear strains were small. Nasal to the disc, choroidal vessels shifted nasally relative to overlying peripapillary retinal vessels.
CONCLUSIONS
Strain analysis during horizontal duction suggests that the optic nerve displaces the optic canal, choroid, and peripapillary sclera relative to the overlying disc and retina. This peripapillary shearing of the optic nerve relative to the choroid and sclera may be a driver of disc tilting and peripapillary atrophy.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aged; Optic Disk; Rotation; Retina; Ophthalmoscopy; Lasers; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37343739
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.06.008