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International Journal of Radiation... May 2015Extranodal lymphomas (ENLs) comprise about a third of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as either primary therapy (particularly...
Extranodal lymphomas (ENLs) comprise about a third of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as either primary therapy (particularly for indolent ENL), consolidation after systemic therapy, salvage treatment, or palliation. The wide range of presentations of ENL, involving any organ in the body and the spectrum of histological sub-types, poses a challenge both for routine clinical care and for the conduct of prospective and retrospective studies. This has led to uncertainty and lack of consistency in RT approaches between centers and clinicians. Thus far there is a lack of guidelines for the use of RT in the management of ENL. This report presents an effort by the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) to harmonize and standardize the principles of treatment of ENL, and to address the technical challenges of simulation, volume definition and treatment planning for the most frequently involved organs. Specifically, detailed recommendations for RT volumes are provided. We have applied the same modern principles of involved site radiation therapy as previously developed and published as guidelines for Hodgkin lymphoma and nodal NHL. We have adopted RT volume definitions based on the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), as has been widely adopted by the field of radiation oncology for solid tumors. Organ-specific recommendations take into account histological subtype, anatomy, the treatment intent, and other treatment modalities that may be have been used before RT.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Nose Neoplasms; Orbital Neoplasms; Organ Specificity; Radiotherapy Dosage; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Burden; Urogenital Neoplasms
PubMed: 25863750
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.009 -
Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part... Aug 2020Orbital schwannomas are rare neoplasms of the orbit. The presenting symptoms are often nonspecific. Classic imaging characteristics seen on magnetic resonance imaging...
Orbital schwannomas are rare neoplasms of the orbit. The presenting symptoms are often nonspecific. Classic imaging characteristics seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and orbital ultrasound can be useful to help aid in the diagnosis of orbital schwannoma. When diagnosed, the goal of treatment is complete surgical excision. The location of the tumor within the orbit dictates which surgical approach would provide the best exposure. When complete excision is achieved, recurrence rates are very low. This article addresses the etiology, patient population, presentation, natural history, and differential diagnosis of orbital schwannomas. Imaging characteristics and histopathologic subtypes are reviewed. Treatment goals, approaches, and specialties involved in the management of these patients is discussed. Finally, a representative case is presented.
PubMed: 33072479
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713935 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2022Dermoid cyst, a developmental benign choristoma, is the most common orbital tumor of childhood, arising from ectodermal sequestration along the lines of embryonic fusion...
BACKGROUND
Dermoid cyst, a developmental benign choristoma, is the most common orbital tumor of childhood, arising from ectodermal sequestration along the lines of embryonic fusion of mesodermal processes, lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and expanding slowly due to constant desquamation and dermal glandular elements. Approximately 80% are found in the head and neck region and comprise 3-9% all orbital masses.
PURPOSE
It is mandatory to know about the variable presentations of orbital dermoids and the surgical techniques that can be adopted based on the site, extent, age and aesthetic needs, presence of inflammation and possibility of intraoperative rupture.
SYNOPSIS
Orbital dermoids can be classified as juxta-sutural, sutural or soft tissue cysts; superficial or deep; intraosseous or extraosseous, and intraorbital or extraorbital. These smooth, painless, mobile or partially mobile lesions mostly present at the fronto-zygomatic suture with proptosis, displacement, ptosis or diplopia, depending on depth and extent. Therefore, it is important to understand the various presentations and the appropriate surgical techniques.
HIGHLIGHTS
We describe the embryological origin, types and clinical features of dermoids in this video and demonstrate the surgical and minimally invasive techniques for their management.
VIDEO LINK
https://youtu.be/-q3xD2igjcQ.
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Choristoma; Dermoid Cyst; Humans; Orbital Diseases; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 35086291
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_145_22 -
International Journal of Oncology Feb 2020Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can... (Review)
Review
Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can metastasize to the orbital and ocular space. Early detection, accurate staging and re‑staging, efficient monitoring of treatment response, non‑invasive differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, and accurate planning of external radiation treatment, are of utmost importance for the optimal and individualized management of ophthalmic oncology patients. Addressing these challenges requires the employment of several diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high‑definition digital fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT)‑angiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In recent years, technological advances have enabled the development of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI systems, setting new standards in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The capability of simultaneously targeting several cancer‑related biochemical procedures using positron emitting‑radiopharmaceuticals, while morphologically characterizing lesions by CT or MRI, together with the intrinsic quantitative capabilities of PET‑imaging, provide incremental diagnostic information, enabling accurate, highly efficient and personalized treatment strategies. Aim of the current review is to discuss the current applications of hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging in the management of patients presenting with the most commonly encountered orbital and ocular tumors.
Topics: Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Orbital Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31939615
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4955 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Apr 2021This article provides an overview of rare orbital diseases. Congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant neoplasias are described. Although it... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of rare orbital diseases. Congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant neoplasias are described. Although it represents a relatively small area of the body the orbit contains multiple different tissues. Therefore, a great variety of diseases can be found within the orbital space. That is the reason, why both the completeness and the level of detail in the description of particular diseases must be somewhat limited. Nevertheless, clinical manifestations, important aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies, and, when specific data are available, the prognosis are described. The authors tried to highlight the most characteristic aspects of the different diseases to describe their relevant aspects in spite of the brevity of the subsections.
Topics: Humans; Orbit; Orbital Diseases; Orbital Neoplasms; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 34352903
DOI: 10.1055/a-1384-4641 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Nov 2018
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Ileal Neoplasms; Image Enhancement; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mammography; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Muscle Neoplasms; Orbital Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 30296807
DOI: 10.1055/a-0604-2831 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2018The recent International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification of vascular anomalies can be applied to orbital lesions, dividing them into... (Review)
Review
The recent International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification of vascular anomalies can be applied to orbital lesions, dividing them into vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Orbital cavernous hemangiomas are probably best considered cavernous venous malformations under this classification. Management of symptomatic lesions can be with surgical excision or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy in selected cases. Beta-blockers including propranolol and topical timolol maleate represent first-line therapy for infantile hemangiomas, although surgery has a role in selected cases. Orbital venous-lymphatic malformations are problematic but with improved imaging, neuroradiological intervention, and a multidisciplinary approach to management, outcomes are improving.
Topics: Hemangioma; Hemangioma, Cavernous; Humans; Orbit; Orbital Neoplasms; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 29633786
DOI: 10.22608/APO.2017151 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Oct 2014The term orbital tumor covers a wide range of benign and malignant diseases affecting specific component of the orbit or developing in contact with them. They are found... (Review)
Review
The term orbital tumor covers a wide range of benign and malignant diseases affecting specific component of the orbit or developing in contact with them. They are found incidentally or may be investigated as part of the assessment of a systemic disorder or because of orbital signs (exophthalmos, pain, etc.). Computed tomography, MRI and Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU), play a varying role depending on the clinical presentation and the disease being investigated. This article reflects long experience in a reference center but does not claim to be exhaustive. We have chosen to consider these tumors from the perspective of their usual presentation, emphasizing the most common causes and suggestive radiological and clinical presentations (progressive or sudden-onset exophthalmos, children or adults, lacrimal gland lesions, periorbital lesions and enophthalmos). We will describe in particular muscle involvement (thyrotoxicosis and tumors), vascular lesions (cavernous sinus hemangioma, orbital varix, cystic lymphangioma), childhood lesions and orbital hematomas. We offer straightforward useful protocols for simple investigation and differential diagnosis. Readers who wish to go further to extend their knowledge in this fascinating area can refer to the references in the bibliography.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Exophthalmos; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbit; Orbital Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 25195185
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.08.002 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2021
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 34168091
DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208788 -
Middle East African Journal of... 2018Incidental orbital masses that are asymptomatic and appear benign are often observed without surgical intervention unless there is a clinical or radiographic change in... (Review)
Review
Incidental orbital masses that are asymptomatic and appear benign are often observed without surgical intervention unless there is a clinical or radiographic change in the mass. There is a burgeoning population of cancer patients with incidental masses that have been detected while under surveillance for metastasis. This population of patients is growing due to a number of reasons, including more extensive imaging, an aging population, and more effective cancer treatments. Closer scrutiny should be applied to these patients, due to the possibility of the mass being an orbital metastasis. In addition, the approach to these patients may have implications regarding the adult patient without a cancer history who presents with a symptomatic orbital mass. The purpose of this paper is to explore the approach to the patient with and without a cancer history who presents with an orbital mass.
Topics: Biopsy; Decision Making; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Orbital Diseases; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 30122850
DOI: 10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_93_18