-
Biosensors May 2023Wide-ranging research efforts have been directed to prioritize scientific and technological inventions for healthcare monitoring. In recent years, the effective... (Review)
Review
Wide-ranging research efforts have been directed to prioritize scientific and technological inventions for healthcare monitoring. In recent years, the effective utilization of functional nanomaterials in various electroanalytical measurements realized a rapid, sensitive, and selective detection and monitoring of a wide range of biomarkers in body fluids. Owing to good biocompatibility, high organic capturing ability, strong electrocatalytic activity, and high robustness, transition metal oxide-derived nanocomposites have led to enhancements in sensing performances. The aim of the present review is to describe key advancements of transition metal oxide nanomaterials and nanocomposites-based electrochemical sensors, along with current challenges and prospects towards the development of a highly durable and reliable detection of biomarkers. Moreover, the preparation of nanomaterials, electrode fabrication, sensing mechanism, electrode-bio interface, and performance of metal oxides nanomaterials and nanocomposite-based sensor platforms will be described.
Topics: Electrochemical Techniques; Nanocomposites; Oxides; Transition Elements; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37232903
DOI: 10.3390/bios13050542 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2023Manganese (Mn) is an important trace element for laying hen's nutrition, which is required in small amounts in the diet. Its deficiency results in lowered production...
BACKGROUND
Manganese (Mn) is an important trace element for laying hen's nutrition, which is required in small amounts in the diet. Its deficiency results in lowered production performance and eggshell quality.
OBJECTIVES
This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources and levels of Mn on egg production performance and eggshell quality in aged laying hens.
METHODS
A total of 720, 83-week-old Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were fed a non-Mn supplemented basal diet for 4-week (to ime Mn-exhaustion of body) and then were allocated to a completely randomized design with 10 treatments, six replicates and 12 birds each. Concentration of Mn in the non-Mn supplemented basal diet was 10.34 mg/kg (treatment 1), the added doses of dietary Mn were included 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg of three different sources (Mn-oxide, Mn-sulphate, and Mn-organic) for treatments 2-10, respectively. The experiment lasted for 12 week.
RESULTS
Dietary supplementation with either organic or inorganic Mn sources significantly enhanced egg production (EP), egg mass (EM), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and relative eggshell weight (RESW) compared with the non-Mn supplemented diet. However, the experimental diets did not influence feed intake (FI), egg weight, and other eggshell quality traits. Based on the broken line regression models, the performance traits were optimized at 30-40 mg/kg Mn concentration when supplemented by Mn-sulphate or Mn-organic. Although, it was 80-90 mg/kg when supplemented by Mn-oxide. The relative bio-efficacy of inorganic Mn sources include Mn-oxide and Mn-sulphate in compare with Mn-organic were estimated 45% and 87% (for EP trait), 30% and 94% (for EM trait), 36% and 99% (for FCR trait), and 37% and 78% (for RESW trait), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In the aged laying hens, Mn requirement is higher than the NRC's recommendation. Sulphate and organic sources of Mn are more effective than Mn-oxide.
Topics: Animals; Female; Manganese; Chickens; Egg Shell; Animal Feed; Dietary Supplements; Oxides; Sulfates
PubMed: 36920852
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1116 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Over the years, Ru(bpy)(py)(O)([RuO]) has garnered considerable interest owing to its extensive use as a polypyridine mono-oxygen complex. However, as the active-site...
Over the years, Ru(bpy)(py)(O)([RuO]) has garnered considerable interest owing to its extensive use as a polypyridine mono-oxygen complex. However, as the active-site Ru=O bond changes during the oxidation process, [RuO] can be used to simulate the reactions of various high-priced metallic oxides. In order to elucidate the hydrogen element transfer process between the Ruthenium-oxo-polypyridyl complex and organic hydride donor, the current study reports on the synthesis of [RuO], a polypyridine mono-oxygen complex, in addition to and (organic hydride compounds) and derivative: . Through H-NMR analysis and thermodynamics- and kinetics-based assessments, we collected data on [RuO] and two organic hydride donors and their corresponding intermediates and established a thermodynamic platform. It was confirmed that a one-step hydride transfer reaction between [RuO] and these organic hydride donors occurs, and here, the advantages and nature of the new mechanism approach are revealed. Accordingly, these findings can considerably contribute to the better application of the compound in theoretical research and organic synthesis.
Topics: Ruthenium; Organometallic Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Hydrogen
PubMed: 37298875
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114401 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Metal oxide nanowires have become popular materials in gas sensing, and more generally in the field of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This is thanks to their... (Review)
Review
Metal oxide nanowires have become popular materials in gas sensing, and more generally in the field of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This is thanks to their unique structural and morphological features, namely their single-crystalline structure, their nano-sized diameter and their highly anisotropic shape, i.e., a large length-to-diameter aspect ratio. About twenty years have passed since the first publication proposing their suitability for gas sensors, and a rapidly increasing number of papers addressing the understanding and the exploitation of these materials in chemosensing have been published. Considering the remarkable progress achieved so far, the present paper aims at reviewing these results, emphasizing the comparison with state-of-the-art nanoparticle-based materials. The goal is to highlight, wherever possible, how results may be related to the particular features of one or the other morphology, what is effectively unique to nanowires and what can be obtained by both. Transduction, receptor and utility-factor functions, doping, and the addition of inorganic and organic coatings will be discussed on the basis of the structural and morphological features that have stimulated this field of research since its early stage.
Topics: Anisotropy; Nanoparticles; Nanowires; Oxides
PubMed: 35591040
DOI: 10.3390/s22093351 -
ChemSusChem Dec 2022Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is an important green oxidizing agent for environmental protection and chemical production. In comparison to the traditional anthraquinone... (Review)
Review
Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is an important green oxidizing agent for environmental protection and chemical production. In comparison to the traditional anthraquinone method, photosynthesis is a green and energy-saving process for H O production. To improve the stability and practical application value of the H O synthesized by photocatalysis, the H O photosynthesis should be conducted in pure water without involving any sacrificial reagents. In this regard, organic semiconducting catalysts pose as a suitable candidate for photocatalytic H O synthesis owing to their metal-free nature to prevent H O decomposition by the metal ions. In this Perspective, the H O photosynthesis history is firstly introduced, followed by a review of the organic semiconductor photocatalysts reported to date. Finally, the main problems to thwart the advances of current pure H O-to-H O photosynthesis are discussed, followed by proposed solutions to address these issues in order to pave new ways for the development of highly efficient metal-free organic photocatalysts for sustainable pure H O-to-H O conversion.
Topics: Hydrogen Peroxide
PubMed: 36177848
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201514 -
Chemical Reviews Apr 2021Dissolution of metals in organic solvents is relevant to various application fields, such as metal extraction from ores or secondary resources, surface etching or...
Dissolution of metals in organic solvents is relevant to various application fields, such as metal extraction from ores or secondary resources, surface etching or polishing of metals, direct synthesis of organometallic compounds, and separation of metals from other compounds. Organic solvents for dissolution of metals can offer a solution when aqueous systems fail, such as separation of metals from metal oxides, because both the metal and metal oxide could codissolve in aqueous acidic solutions. This review critically discusses organic media (conventional molecular organic solvents, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide) for oxidative dissolution of metals in different application areas. The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for various lixiviant systems which generally consist of oxidizing agents, chelating agents, and solvents. Different oxidizing agents for dissolution of metals are reviewed such as halogens, halogenated organics, donor-acceptor electron-transfer systems, polyhalide ionic liquids, and others. Both chemical and electrochemical processes are included. The review can guide researchers to develop more efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly processes for dissolution of metals in their elemental state.
PubMed: 33724831
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00917 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Feb 2018The cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) constitute a large heme enzyme superfamily, members of which catalyze the oxidative transformation of a wide range of organic... (Review)
Review
The cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) constitute a large heme enzyme superfamily, members of which catalyze the oxidative transformation of a wide range of organic substrates, and whose functions are crucial to xenobiotic metabolism and steroid transformation in humans and other organisms. The P450 peroxygenases are a subgroup of the P450s that have evolved in microbes to catalyze the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant rather than NAD(P)H-driven redox partner systems typical of the vast majority of other characterized P450 enzymes. Early members of the peroxygenase (CYP152) family were shown to catalyze hydroxylation at the α and β carbons of medium-to-long-chain fatty acids. However, more recent studies on other CYP152 family P450s revealed the ability to oxidatively decarboxylate fatty acids, generating terminal alkenes with potential applications as drop-in biofuels. Other research has revealed their capacity to decarboxylate and to desaturate hydroxylated fatty acids to form novel products. Structural data have revealed a common active site motif for the binding of the substrate carboxylate group in the peroxygenases, and mechanistic and transient kinetic analyses have demonstrated the formation of reactive iron-oxo species (compounds I and II) that are ultimately responsible for hydroxylation and decarboxylation of fatty acids, respectively. This short review will focus on the biochemical properties of the P450 peroxygenases and on their biotechnological applications with respect to production of volatile alkenes as biofuels, as well as other fine chemicals.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Biofuels; Carboxylic Acids; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxylation; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 29432141
DOI: 10.1042/BST20170218 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Jan 2023The migration of supercritical CO (scCO) injected into underground reservoirs as part of carbon capture and storage is influenced by organic contamination affecting...
HYPOTHESIS
The migration of supercritical CO (scCO) injected into underground reservoirs as part of carbon capture and storage is influenced by organic contamination affecting mineral wettability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of relevant systems that incorporate representative organic solutes allow detailed investigation of changes in fundamental interfacial and capillary properties.
EXPERIMENTS
We use MD simulations to explore the effects of four organic solutes (quinoline, decanoic acid, coronene, sorgoleone) on the wettability of quartz by water in the presence of scCO. We examine the impacts of polar, alkyl, and aromatic moieties as well as fluid flow velocity at elevated temperatures and pressures.
FINDINGS
Organic molecules accumulate at the water-CO interface, where they distribute according to their size and functional groups. Certain organics penetrate the adsorbed water film at the quartz-CO interface, revealing two modes of hydrogen bonding between polar organic functional group, water, and quartz surface -OH groups. Interfacial energies and contact angles are minimally impacted by organic adsorption at the water-CO interface, possibly due to simultaneous CO desorption. Non-equilibrium MD simulations reveal that flow-induced redistribution of organic compounds modulates the radii of curvature of the advancing and receding water-CO interfaces. Our results indicate that organic adsorption on water surfaces is likely ubiquitous during multi-phase flow in soils and sedimentary rocks, with implications for the mobilization and transport of organic compounds.
Topics: Quartz; Water; Carbon Dioxide; Solutions; Minerals; Soil; Carbon; Quinolines
PubMed: 36081206
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.124 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016Many 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) possess redox properties. In this review DHPs are surveyed as protectors against oxidative stress (OS) and related disorders,... (Review)
Review
Many 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) possess redox properties. In this review DHPs are surveyed as protectors against oxidative stress (OS) and related disorders, considering the DHPs as specific group of potential antioxidants with bioprotective capacities. They have several peculiarities related to antioxidant activity (AOA). Several commercially available calcium antagonist, 1,4-DHP drugs, their metabolites, and calcium agonists were shown to express AOA. Synthesis, hydrogen donor properties, AOA, and methods and approaches used to reveal biological activities of various groups of 1,4-DHPs are presented. Examples of DHPs antioxidant activities and protective effects of DHPs against OS induced damage in low density lipoproteins (LDL), mitochondria, microsomes, isolated cells, and cell cultures are highlighted. Comparison of the AOA of different DHPs and other antioxidants is also given. According to the data presented, the DHPs might be considered as bellwether among synthetic compounds targeting OS and potential pharmacological model compounds targeting oxidative stress important for medicinal chemistry.
Topics: Amlodipine; Animals; Antioxidants; Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cattle; Dihydropyridines; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen; Lipoproteins, LDL; Mice; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Niacinamide; Nifedipine; Nitrobenzenes; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Piperazines
PubMed: 26881016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1892412 -
Journal of the American College of... Nov 2017The use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris began not long after its original synthesis in 1847. Since then, the discovery of nitric oxide as a... (Review)
Review
The use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris began not long after its original synthesis in 1847. Since then, the discovery of nitric oxide as a biological effector and better understanding of its roles in vasodilation, cell permeability, platelet function, inflammation, and other vascular processes have advanced our knowledge of the hemodynamic (mostly mediated through vasodilation of capacitance and conductance arteries) and nonhemodynamic effects of organic nitrate therapy, via both nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nitrates are rapidly absorbed from mucous membranes, the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin; thus, nitroglycerin is available in a number of preparations for delivery via several routes: oral tablets, sublingual tablets, buccal tablets, sublingual spray, transdermal ointment, and transdermal patch, as well as intravenous formulations. Organic nitrates are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, but clinical data limit their use mostly to the treatment of angina. They are also used in the treatment of subsets of patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. One major limitation of the use of nitrates is the development of tolerance. Although several agents have been studied for use in the prevention of nitrate tolerance, none are currently recommended owing to a paucity of supportive clinical data. Only 1 method of preventing nitrate tolerance remains widely accepted: the use of a dosing strategy that provides an interval of no or low nitrate exposure during each 24-h period. Nitric oxide's important role in several cardiovascular disease mechanisms continues to drive research toward finding novel ways to affect both endogenous and exogenous sources of this key molecular mediator.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Administration Routes; Humans; Nitrogen Oxides; Nitroglycerin
PubMed: 29096811
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.1064