-
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Aug 2021Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life-threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life-threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to decline.
AIM
To assess and compare practices, knowledge and attitude regarding oral and oropharyngeal cancer between dental and medical practitioners.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of oral and oropharyngeal cancer among dental and medical practitioners at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 360 participants were included in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Participants were approached in their clinics and printed self-administered questionnaire were handed over to them after signing a written consent form. Frequency distribution and Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at P value of .05 or less.
RESULTS
A total of 174 participants responded. Assessment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer knowledge between dental practitioners and medical practitioners showed comparable results. Regarding practices, a significant difference was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra-oral ulcer to consider urgent referral (P = .006) and in number of referrals made in relation to suspicious oral lesions (P = .002). Moreover, a significant difference (P = .006) was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra-oral ulcer to consider urgent referral.
CONCLUSION
Medical and dental practitioners showed areas of differences in practice, attitude and knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer that when addressed would lead to improved survival rates.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentists; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; General Practitioners; Humans; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Oral Ulcer; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Saudi Arabia; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33660423
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1349 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Jan 2021This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in Alberta. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in Alberta.
METHODS
A database search was conducted up to 2018 using Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed and Embase, along with a manual search of gray literature. Data from the Alberta Cancer Foundation's dedicated fund for research, Cancer Surveillance and Reporting and Alberta Cancer Registry were also collected.
RESULTS
Our review included 8 published papers and 14 other sources, including data on 3448 OCC and OPC patients from Surveillance and Reporting and Alberta Cancer Registry. Cancer registry data (2005-2017) showed that most OCC and OPC lesions were diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage, with a significantly large number of advanced OPC lesions in stage IV (OCC 45.2%, OPC 82.4%); 47.9% of these patients died. Survival rates were lowest in rural and First Nations areas. In Alberta, 35% of HPV-associated cancers were linked to OPCs, which were more prevalent in men and younger age groups. No routine public oral cancer screening program currently exists in Alberta. General practitioners and dentists refer patients to specialists, often with long waiting times.
CONCLUSION
OCC and OPC patients in Alberta continue to be diagnosed in stage IV and experience high mortality rates.
Topics: Alberta; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34343067
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023While abundant evidence exists linking alcohol, tobacco, and HPV infection to a carcinogenic impact on the oropharynx, the contribution of inhalational workplace hazards... (Review)
Review
While abundant evidence exists linking alcohol, tobacco, and HPV infection to a carcinogenic impact on the oropharynx, the contribution of inhalational workplace hazards remains ill-defined. We aim to determine whether the literature reveals occupational environments at a higher-than-average risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and summarize the available data. To identify studies assessing the relationship between occupational exposure and risk of OPC, a search of the literature through the PubMed-NCBI database was carried out and, ultimately, 15 original articles meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Only original articles in English focusing on the association between occupational exposure and risk or death of specifically OPC were included. The available data are supportive of a potentially increased risk of OPC in waiters, cooks and stewards, artistic workers, poultry and meat workers, mechanics, and World Trade Center responders exposed to dust. However, the available literature on occupation-related OPC is limited. To identify occupational categories at risk, large cohorts with long follow-ups are needed. Identification of causal associations with occupation-related factors would require dose-response analyses adequately adjusted for confounders.
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Causality; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Carcinogens; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 37947576
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217020 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Jan 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rapidly increasing in incidence, and has now become the most common head and neck... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rapidly increasing in incidence, and has now become the most common head and neck cancer (HNC). Studies have demonstrated that HPV associated OPSCC is associated with a favorable prognosis compared with its HPV-negative counterparts, yet standard multimodality therapy is often associated with substantial acute and late treatment-related toxicity. While locoregional control is improved in HPV+ OPSCC, distant metastasis rate has gained recognition as a major cause of death in this population, with some studies suggesting similar rates as non-HPV-related cancers. Induction chemotherapy has been of long-standing interest in locoregionally advanced HNC, yet its use in combination with concomitant chemoradiation remains an area of controversy as a survival benefit remains unproven following randomized trials. Nevertheless, response to induction chemotherapy remains an important dynamic and prognostic biomarker, with response-adaptive de-intensified therapy in HPV+ OPSCC gaining traction in single-arm phase II studies demonstrating promising results. The emergence of immunotherapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting for HNC has led to enthusiasm to incorporate in the curative setting, yet its role remains undefined. Our institutional paradigm for HPV+ OPSCC incorporates induction therapy followed by risk and response adaptive locoregional treatment. Ultimately, the role of induction therapy in HPV+ OPSCC will need to be investigated in a randomized setting to be incorporated routinely into clinical practice.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Induction Chemotherapy; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 35171457
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00941-9 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Brazil experienced an expansion of the population's access to oral health policies after the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde).... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Brazil experienced an expansion of the population's access to oral health policies after the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde). Through public policies, the consolidation of Primary Health Care (PHC) and the incorporation of dental care into primary and hospital care took place. The objective of this study was to identify epidemiological aspects, including the temporal trend, of hospital morbidity from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil, considering hospitalizations for this neoplasm in a hospital network linked to the public care system.
METHODS
Observational study based on information on hospital admissions for oral cancer throughout Brazil. The research used data from the Brazilian Cancer Registry Information System. For the temporal series analysis, generalized linear regression model was used with the Prais-Winsten method.
RESULTS
Of the 121,971 patients hospitalized with oral and oropharyngeal cancers, 76.40% were male and 23.60% were female, resulting in a M:F ratio of 3.24:1. Regarding the anatomical region of involvement among hospitalized patients with oral cavity neoplastic lesions, there was a predominance in non-specific places in the mouth, such as the floor of the mouth, soft and hard palate, among others (32.68%), followed by lesions in the region of tongue (28.89%). In this population, the predominant age group was between the fifth decade (31.09%) and sixth decade of life (24.99%); men presented neoplastic lesions of oral and oropharyngeal cancers at an earlier age than women. In all regions of the country, the staging of cases diagnosed in the tertiary health network accredited to the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA) was late, with higher tendency for metastasis. The temporal trend of the adjusted in-hospital morbidity rates showed to be increasing in the Northeast, South and Midwest regions for the male gender. For females, they were increasing in the Northeast and South regions.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that the distribution of in-hospital morbidity rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in the country is irregular. There is a greater number of cases identified by the study in male patients and in the Southeast and South regions; with an increasing tendency of this coefficient in both genders.
Topics: Brazil; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Morbidity; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35794558
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02312-0 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Oct 2018The population of survivors with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) is rising. The improved prognosis of this etiologic... (Review)
Review
The population of survivors with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) is rising. The improved prognosis of this etiologic subset is reflected in new staging guidelines as well as ongoing deintensification trials aiming to preserve excellent survival while decreasing treatment-related toxicities. However, as staging criteria and treatment standards evolve in the era of transoral surgery and deintensification, little is known regarding the needs and treatment preferences of patients with HPV-OPSCC. Herein, the current knowledge regarding treatment preferences and priorities, quality of life and concerns among patients with HPV-OPSCC is reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 30265132
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0063 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Higher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Higher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).
METHODS
Several databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383-0.503, < 0.001). MR analysis revealed that the risk of OCPC, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cavity cancer decreased with an increase in education (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.222-0.548, < 0.001; OR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.198-0.597; < 0.001; OR: 0.342, 95% CI: 0.195-0.601, < 0.001, respectively). Even after correcting for mediators, high EA still significantly reduced the risk of OCPC (OR: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.281-0.463, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Both the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Educational Status; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37124787
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132035 -
Journal of Global Oncology Sep 2018Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in incidence in the United States and in many countries worldwide primarily as a result of increasing rates... (Review)
Review
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in incidence in the United States and in many countries worldwide primarily as a result of increasing rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV-positive OPSCC represents a distinct disease entity from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma caused by traditional risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol, with different epidemiology, patterns of failure, and expected outcomes. Because patients with HPV-positive OPSCC have a younger median age and superior prognosis compared with their HPV-negative counterparts, they live longer with the morbidity of treatment, which can be severe. Therefore, efforts are under way to de-escalate therapy in favorable-risk patients while maintaining treatment efficacy. Additional work is being undertaken to discover new therapies that may benefit both HPV-positive and HPV-negative patient subsets. Herein, we will review the available data for the evolving treatment paradigms in OPSCC as well as discuss ongoing clinical trials.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30241193
DOI: 10.1200/JGO.2016.006304 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Jun 2016Given the potential for long-term toxicities from concurrent chemoradiation, there is great interest in surgery as a primary treatment modality for head and neck... (Review)
Review
Given the potential for long-term toxicities from concurrent chemoradiation, there is great interest in surgery as a primary treatment modality for head and neck cancers, particularly in the younger HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer patient. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has proven to be an effective technique to safely treat oropharyngeal and select supraglottic tumors surgically. Sound, traditional surgical principles are employed using improved endoscopic visualization and precise instrumentation to perform oncologic surgery without the morbidity of transmandibular or transcervical approaches. Although level 1 evidence prospective clinical trials are currently underway for TORS, the literature supports its safety and efficacy based on numerous studies. Currently, prospective randomized trials are underway to provide better evidence for or against TORS in oropharyngeal cancer. Patient selection based on comorbidities, anatomy, and available pathological data is critical in choosing patients for TORS.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27117980
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-016-0405-5 -
Theranostics 2017Current biomarkers (DNA, RNA and protein) for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers demonstrate biological variations between individuals, rendering them impractical for... (Review)
Review
Current biomarkers (DNA, RNA and protein) for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers demonstrate biological variations between individuals, rendering them impractical for clinical translation. Whilst these biomarkers originate from the host, there is not much information in the literature about the influence of oral microbiota on cancer pathogenesis, especially in oral cancers. Oral microbiotas are known to participate in disease initiation and progression not only limited to the oral cavity, but also at other distant sites. Due to the close proximity of oral microbiota and oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumours, abundance changes in oral microbiota may provide useful information on tumourigenesis. This review aims to highlight information on the role of oral microbiota in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. An in-depth analysis into the oral microbiota may provide a new avenue to diagnose and treat these patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 29158828
DOI: 10.7150/thno.21804