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Fertility and Sterility Jun 2018
Topics: Cryopreservation; Emotions; Oocytes; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 29807656
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.023 -
Critical Care Medicine Nov 2017
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 29028704
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002669 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
IMPORTANCE
Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the degree to which the sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was associated with changes in beverage prices and individual-level purchasing over time at a national pharmacy chain in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore, Maryland.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Using a difference-in-differences approach and generalized linear mixed models, this cohort study examined beverage purchases made by loyalty cardholders at a national chain pharmacy retailer with stores in Philadelphia and Baltimore (control city) from before tax to after tax. Beverage sales (in US dollars) were linked by unique loyalty card numbers to enable longitudinal analyses. Data were collected from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 (2 years before tax and 1 year after tax); data analyses were conducted from January through October 2022.
EXPOSURE
Implementation of Philadelphia's 1.5 cents/oz tax on sweetened beverages.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The outcomes were the change in mean beverage price per-ounce and mean beverage volume purchased per cardholder transaction. Individual-level point-of-sale scanner data from all beverage purchases were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 1188 unique beverages were purchased from the same stores before tax and after tax. There were 231 065 unique cardholders in Philadelphia and 82 517 in Baltimore. Mean prices of taxed beverages (n = 2 094 220) increased by 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) cents/oz (106.7% pass-through) in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore from before tax to after tax. Philadelphia cardholders purchased 7.8% (95% CI -8.1% to -7.5%) fewer ounces of taxed beverages and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.7%) more ounces of nontaxed beverages per transaction. Taxed beverages made up a smaller percentage of cardholders' overall beverage purchases after tax (-13.4% [95% CI, -14.2% to -12.6%]), while nontaxed beverages made up a larger share (9.3% [95% CI, 7.7%-10.7%]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this longitudinal cohort study of the Philadelphia beverage tax, the tax was completely passed through to prices and was associated with a 7.8% decline in ounces of taxed beverages purchased at a national pharmacy chain.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Philadelphia; Cohort Studies; Beverages; Taxes; Pharmacy
PubMed: 37440231
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23200 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jan 2017Observational associations between red meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. There are limited comprehensive analyses of randomized controlled... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Total red meat intake of ≥0.5 servings/d does not negatively influence cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systemically searched meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Observational associations between red meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. There are limited comprehensive analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of red meat consumption on CVD risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematically searched meta-analysis was to assess the effects of consuming ≥0.5 or <0.5 servings of total red meat/d on CVD risk factors [blood total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively)]. We hypothesized that the consumption of ≥0.5 servings of total red meat/d would have a negative effect on these CVD risk factors.
DESIGN
Two researchers independently screened 945 studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases and extracted data from 24 qualified RCTs. Inclusion criteria were 1) RCT, 2) subjects aged ≥19 y, 3) consumption of ≥0.5 or <0.5 total red meat servings/d [35 g (1.25 ounces)], and 4) reporting ≥1 CVD risk factor. We performed an adjusted 2-factor nested ANOVA mixed-effects model procedure on the postintervention values of TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TC:HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, SBP, and DBP; calculated overall effect sizes of change values; and used a repeated-measures ANOVA to assess pre- to postintervention changes.
RESULTS
Red meat intake did not affect lipid-lipoprotein profiles or blood pressure values postintervention (P > 0.05) or changes over time [weighted mean difference (95% CI): -0.01 mmol/L (-0.08, 0.06 mmol/L), 0.02 mmol/L (-0.05, 0.08 mmol/L), 0.03 mmol/L (-0.01, 0.07 mmol/L), and 0.04 mmol/L (-0.02, 0.10 mmol/L); -0.08 mm Hg (-0.26, 0.11 mm Hg); and -1.0 mm Hg (-2.4, 0.78 mm Hg) and 0.1 mm Hg (-1.2, 1.5 mm Hg) for TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, TC:HDL cholesterol, SBP, and DBP, respectively]. Among all subjects, TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TC:HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and DBP, but not SBP, decreased over time (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results from this systematically searched meta-analysis of RCTs support the idea that the consumption of ≥0.5 servings of total red meat/d does not influence blood lipids and lipoproteins or blood pressures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Red Meat; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Young Adult
PubMed: 27881394
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.142521 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2022Flavored tobacco products are highly appealing to youth. The Federal government lacks a comprehensive flavored tobacco products policy and states have adopted different...
BACKGROUND
Flavored tobacco products are highly appealing to youth. The Federal government lacks a comprehensive flavored tobacco products policy and states have adopted different approaches restricting these products. This study analyzes the impact of Massachusetts' comprehensive prohibition and New Jersey's partial restriction on the sale of flavored tobacco products.
METHODS
NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data were used to construct four log per capita dependent variables: e-liquid milliliters, cigarette packs, cigars, and smokeless tobacco ounces for products flavored as fruit, menthol, mint, tobacco and other. All models used difference-in-differences regressions, with Virginia and Pennsylvania serving as controls. The models controlled for state level product prices, population percentages by race/ethnicity, proportion male, median household income, unemployment rate, minimum legal sales age, tobacco 21 policies, and cumulative cases and deaths of COVID-19; the models accounted for time-specific factors by using 4-week period fixed-effects.
RESULTS
There was a significant decrease in sales across all flavored tobacco products in Massachusetts, including fruit [-99.83%, p < 0.01], menthol [-98.33%, p < 0.01], and all other flavored [-99.28%, p < 0.01] e-cigarettes. The cigar group "all other-flavors" [-99.92%, p < 0.01] and menthol flavored cigarettes [-95.36%, p < 0.01] also significantly decreased. In New Jersey, there was a significant decrease in per capita sales of menthol-flavored e-cigarettes [-83.80%, p < 0.05] and cigar group "all other-flavors" experienced a significant increase in per capita sales [380.66%, p < 0.01].
CONCLUSIONS
This study contributes to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the impact of sales prohibitions on reducing sales of flavored tobacco products. Statewide comprehensive approaches appear more effective than partial restrictions and should be prioritized.
IMPLICATIONS
Results from this study support emerging research that demonstrates the promising effects of comprehensive flavoring sales prohibitions. This study can be used to inform future flavored tobacco product policy solutions developed by advocates and policy makers to curb overall tobacco initiation and use by youth and adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Male; Menthol; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 36138373
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14172-y -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Oct 2015Sepsis, also known as septicemia, is one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The rising tide of sepsis due to bacterial, fungal and viral infections cannot be... (Review)
Review
Sepsis, also known as septicemia, is one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The rising tide of sepsis due to bacterial, fungal and viral infections cannot be stemmed by current antimicrobial therapies and supportive measures. New paradigms for the mechanism and resolution of sepsis and consequences for sepsis survivors are emerging. Consistent with Benjamin Franklin's dictum 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure', sepsis can be prevented by vaccinations against pneumococci and meningococci. Recently, the NIH NHLBI Panel redefined sepsis as 'severe endothelial dysfunction syndrome in response to intravascular and extravascular infections causing reversible or irreversible injury to the microcirculation responsible for multiple organ failure'. Microvascular endothelial injury underlies sepsis-associated hypotension, edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury. Microbial genome products trigger 'genome wars' in sepsis that reprogram the human genome and culminate in a 'genomic storm' in blood and vascular cells. Sepsis can be averted experimentally by endothelial cytoprotection through targeting nuclear signaling that mediates inflammation and deranged metabolism. Endothelial 'rheostats' (e.g. inhibitors of NF-κB, A20 protein, CRADD/RAIDD protein and microRNAs) regulate endothelial signaling. Physiologic 'extinguishers' (e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) can be replenished through intracellular protein therapy. Lipid mediators (e.g. resolvin D1) hasten sepsis resolution. As sepsis cases rose from 387 330 in 1996 to 1.1 million in 2011, and are estimated to reach 2 million by 2020 in the US, mortality due to sepsis approaches that of heart attacks and exceeds deaths from stroke. More preventive vaccines and therapeutic measures are urgently needed.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Fungal; Genome, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Microcirculation; Microvessels; Phenotype; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26190521
DOI: 10.1111/jth.13061 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery May 2021Upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty are common procedures performed to provide a more youthful and rejuvenated appearance. However, this seemingly straightforward... (Review)
Review
Upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty are common procedures performed to provide a more youthful and rejuvenated appearance. However, this seemingly straightforward procedure may result in lid malpositions, frustrating the patient and surgeon alike, which ultimately require further treatment. We review preoperative assessment pearls to avoid these lid malpositions, as well as options for treating any postoperative complications related to lid position. Many of the techniques discussed in this article, in addition to many other oculoplastic procedures, are available to view in Dr. Richard C. Allen's operative video library at: http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/video/plastics/ .
PubMed: 34121942
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727281 -
Ecancermedicalscience 2020Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched... (Review)
Review
Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched through the Mexican government web pages and cancer prevention programmes to tackle the risk factors in the population. The Mexican government, a member of the World Health Organization, shows that the main approach is an early diagnosis rather than prevention, forgetting that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Effective public programmes should be promoted to reduce preventable risk factors in the population (smoking, nutrition, obesity, diet, environmental toxicity, sedentary lifestyle) and control the non-preventable factors (genetics) if we really want to control the incidence of different types of cancer.
PubMed: 32153652
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.997 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Mar 2023Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are...
Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are preventable. Scientific evidences have well supported and documented that almost 90 percent of all major liver diseases are either the manifestations of asymptomatic hepatitis virus infections or poor lifestyle choices leading to accumulation of fat in liver that could be detected even before they present themselves as chronic liver diseases. Understanding liver diseases as a preventable disease and practising necessary preventive measures will help in lowering the risks of various types of liver diseases as well as liver cancer.
PubMed: 37122647
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2225_22 -
Nutrients Jan 2023The under-consumption of calcium, potassium, fiber, and vitamin D is considered a U.S. public health concern. Shifts in eating patterns that increase the consumption of...
BACKGROUND
The under-consumption of calcium, potassium, fiber, and vitamin D is considered a U.S. public health concern. Shifts in eating patterns that increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds, and dairy products can help achieve the recommended intakes of these nutrients, leading to healthier diets.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the impact of adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to usual diets on diet quality and nutrients of concern, including magnesium, fiber, and potassium.
METHODS
We utilized 24 h dietary recalls obtained from the What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and modeled the addition of 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diets of no-nut consumers. No-nut consumers aged ≥4 years ( = 7757) from the 2015-2018 NHANES study were included. Population percentages with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) values for calcium, magnesium, folate, and vitamin E and above the adequate intake (AI) values for potassium and fiber were examined. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual and modeled intakes. Significant differences between usual (current) and modeled intakes were determined using non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. All analyses included sample weights to account for the NHANES survey design.
RESULTS
Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet resulted in significant reductions in the percentages of adults with intakes below the EAR for magnesium and folate (69.6% vs. 52.0%; 49.2% vs. 40.6%, respectively), and increased the percentage of adults above the AI for potassium (22.8% vs. 26.5%). A similar trend was observed among children (4-18 years). HEI scores improved significantly from 49.1 (95% CI: 48.0-50.4) to 58.5 (95% CI: 57.5-59.6) in children and from 52.4 (95% CI: 51.0-53.8) to 59.2 (95% CI: 58.0-60.5) in adults.
CONCLUSIONS
Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet of no-nut consumers improved the diet quality and adequacy of some under-consumed nutrients.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; United States; Nutrition Surveys; Nuts; Juglans; Magnesium; Calcium; Diet; Calcium, Dietary; Folic Acid; Potassium
PubMed: 36678128
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020258