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Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Mar 2017We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies to examine the strategies people employ as part of self-directed weight loss attempts, map these to an existing... (Review)
Review
AIM
We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies to examine the strategies people employ as part of self-directed weight loss attempts, map these to an existing behaviour change taxonomy and explore attitudes and beliefs surrounding these strategies.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched in December 2015 for qualitative studies in overweight and obese adults attempting to lose weight through behaviour change. We were interested in strategies used by participants in self-directed efforts to lose weight. Two reviewers extracted data from included studies. Thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used.
RESULTS
Thirty one studies, representing over 1,000 participants, were included. Quality of the included studies was mixed. The most commonly covered types of strategies were restrictions, self-monitoring, scheduling, professional support and weight management aids. With the exception of scheduling, for which participant experiences were predominantly positive, participants' attitudes and beliefs surrounding implementation of these groups of strategies were mixed. Two new groups of strategies were added to the existing taxonomy: reframing and self-experimentation.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates that at present, interventions targeting individuals engaged in self-management of weight do not necessarily reflect lived experiences of self-directed weight loss.
Topics: Cognition; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Self Care; Weight Loss
PubMed: 28117945
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12500 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Mar 2024To investigate the prevalence of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and to study its longitudinal association with major adverse cardiovascular and renal events...
AIMS
To investigate the prevalence of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and to study its longitudinal association with major adverse cardiovascular and renal events (MARCE).
METHODS AND RESULTS
The study was conducted in 1210 young-to-middle-age subjects grouped according to their BMI and metabolic status. The risk of MARCE was evaluated during 17.4 years of follow-up. Forty-eight-percent of the participants had normal weight, 41.9% had overweight, and 9.3% had obesity. Metabolically healthy status was found in 31.1% of subjects with normal weight and in 20.0% of those with overweight/obesity. During the follow-up, there were 108 MARCE. In multivariate Cox analysis adjusted for confounders and risk factors, no association was found between MARCE and overweight/obesity (p = 0.49). In contrast, metabolic status considered as a two-class variable (0 versus at least one metabolic abnormality) was a significant predictor of MARCE (HR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.21-3.70, p = 0.009). Exclusion of atrial fibrillation from MARCE (N = 87) provided similar results (HR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.07-4.16, p = 0.030). Inclusion of average 24 h BP in the regression model attenuated the strength of the associations. Compared to the group with healthy metabolic status, the metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity participants had an increased risk of MARCE with an adjusted HR of 2.33 (95%CI, 1.05-5.19, p = 0.038). Among the metabolically healthy individuals, the CV risk did not differ according to BMI group (p = 0.53).
CONCLUSION
The present data show that the risk of MARCE is not increased in young metabolically healthy overweight/obesity suggesting that the clinical approach to people with high BMI should focus on parameters of metabolic health rather than on BMI.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Overweight; Prevalence; Cardiovascular System; Obesity; Atrial Fibrillation; Obesity, Metabolically Benign
PubMed: 38228410
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.013 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Parenting styles are a risk factor for adolescents overweight/obesity worldwide, but this association is not well understood in the context of Latin America. This study...
Parenting styles are a risk factor for adolescents overweight/obesity worldwide, but this association is not well understood in the context of Latin America. This study examines the association between the parenting styles of mothers and fathers and the risk of overweight/obesity among Costa Rican adolescents. Data are cross-sectional from a sample of adolescents (13-18 years old) enrolled in ten urban and eight rural schools ( = 18) in the province of San José, Costa Rica, in 2017. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the likelihood of adolescents being overweight according to the mothers' and fathers' parenting styles. A significant association was found between the risk of adolescent overweight/obesity and the paternal authoritarian style only in rural areas ( = 0.622, = 0.317, = 3.864, = 1.863, = 0.04), and between said risk and the paternal permissive style only in male adolescents ( = 0.901, = 0.435, = 4.286, = 2.461, = 0.038). For maternal parenting styles, no associations reached significant levels once logistic regression models were adjusted for the fathers' parenting styles. These findings underscore the importance of further studying the role of fathers' paternal parenting styles on Latin American adolescent weight outcomes. Expanding our understanding of the parenting styles of fathers has important implications for the design and implementation of culturally- and gender-appropriate family interventions.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Overweight; Costa Rica; Parenting; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mothers; Fathers; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36558486
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245328 -
International Journal of Health... Jul 2022A better understanding of lifestyle behaviours of children < 7 years and the relation with childhood overweight is needed. The aim of our prospective study was to...
BACKGROUND
A better understanding of lifestyle behaviours of children < 7 years and the relation with childhood overweight is needed. The aim of our prospective study was to examine how lifestyle patterns in young children are associated with the development of childhood overweight. As ecological models suggest focusing on not only the child as an individual, but also their environment, we also considered the role of socio-economic status (SES) and spatial clustering of lifestyle and body mass index (BMI).
METHODS
In 1792 children (aged 3-6 years) participating in the GECKO Drenthe cohort, diet, screen time, outdoor play and sleep were assessed by questionnaires and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time by accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X). At 10-11 years, height and weight were measured to calculate age- and sex-specific standardized BMI z-scores (zBMI). Lifestyle patterns were identified using principal component analysis. To assess spatial clustering for the lifestyle patterns and zBMI, we calculated the Global Moran's I statistic. Linear- and logistic regression models, taking into account SES, were performed to examine the association between the lifestyle patterns and the development of overweight. For the spatial analyses, we added spatial terms for the determinants, the outcome, and the error term.
RESULTS
Three lifestyle patterns were identified: (1) 'high activity', (2) 'low screen time, high sleep and healthy diet', and (3) 'high outdoor play'. No associations were observed between the 'high activity' or 'high outdoor play' patterns at young age with the development of childhood overweight (all p > 0.05). In contrast, children who adhered to the 'low screen time, high sleep and healthy diet' pattern had lower odds to become overweight and a lower zBMI at 10-11 years (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.766 [0.65; 0.90]). These findings remained similar after taking SES into account. Regarding the spatial analyses, we found spatial clustering of zBMI, but no spatial clustering of the lifestyle patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
Low screen time, high sleep duration and a healthy diet cluster into a pattern that seems favourable in the prevention of childhood overweight, independent of individual SES. The spatial analyses suggest that there are likely other neighbourhood factors that contribute to the spatial clustering of childhood overweight.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35778749
DOI: 10.1186/s12942-022-00302-7 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Excessive body mass is a health problem among children and adolescents that contributes to the occurrence of lipid disorders and abnormal blood pressure. Effective... (Review)
Review
Excessive body mass is a health problem among children and adolescents that contributes to the occurrence of lipid disorders and abnormal blood pressure. Effective treatment of excessive body mass in children is essential for the health of population in the future. The aim of the study was to identify universal components of lifestyle interventions in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity leading to weight loss and improvement of selected cardiometabolic parameters. The review included studies from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases published in 2010-2019, which were analyzed for eligibility criteria including age of the participants, BMI defined as overweight or obese, nutritional intervention and the assessment of BMI and/or BMI z-score and at least one lipid profile parameter. Eighteen studies were included in the review, presenting the results of 23 intervention programs in which a total of 1587 children and adolescents participated. All interventions, except one, were multi-component. Data analysis suggests a relationship between a decrease in BMI and/or BMI z-score with diet and physical activity, the involvement of a dietician/nutrition specialist and physician in the treatment team and a longer duration of intervention. Moreover, it seems that a decrease in BMI is mostly associated with decreases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure. No change in BMI and/or BMI z-score is associated with no change in blood pressure. Our data can be used by public health authorities to design effective weight loss programs for children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 33672502
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042061 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Jul 2023Prepregnancy overweight increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Maternal lipid profile plays a key role in the production of pregnancy hormones. The influence...
BACKGROUND
Prepregnancy overweight increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Maternal lipid profile plays a key role in the production of pregnancy hormones. The influence that obesity has on the specific mechanisms that may be involved and the potential associations with abnormal conditions in pregnancy are still poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal body mass index and lipid profile on first-trimester serum progesterone levels.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a prospective cohort study including 734 pregnant people. First-trimester maternal serum progesterone, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured between 9 and 11 weeks' gestation. Free β-hCG, PAPP-A, age, body mass index, smoking status, gestational age at delivery, fetal sex, and birthweight were also recorded. Pregnant people were classified according to their body mass index into underweight (n=21), normal weight (n=395), overweight (n=221), obesity class I (n=64), and obesity class II/III (n=33) groups.
RESULTS
Gestational age at sampling was 10.0 4±1.12 weeks. Serum progesterone levels decreased as maternal body mass index increased (35.84±12.00 ng/mL, 33.08±11.27 ng/mL, 28.04±8.91 ng/mL, 24.37±8.56 ng/mL, and 19.87±11.00 mL for underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity class I, and obesity class II/III groups, respectively; P<.000001). There were statistically significant negative correlations between maternal progesterone and body mass index, triglycerides, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and positive correlations with gestational age at sampling, maternal age, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, crown-rump length, free β-hCG, and PAPP-A. Linear regression showed that the only independent predictor variables for progesterone levels were body mass index (P<.0001), PAPP-A (P<.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<.0001), and free β-hCG (P<.0001) (R2=0.33; P<.0000001).
CONCLUSION
First-trimester serum progesterone levels were lower in overweight pregnant people and markedly decreased in those with obesity, especially obesity class II/III. Maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was independently related to progesterone levels as a protective factor. Benefits of progesterone supplementation in pregnant people with obesity need further evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Infant; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Progesterone; Overweight; Obesity, Maternal; Prospective Studies; Thinness; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; Triglycerides; Obesity; Cholesterol; Lipoproteins, HDL
PubMed: 37030509
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100959 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Nov 2014Optimizing the approach to combat childhood obesity, we emphasize the importance of combining both biological and psychological knowledge. In such an approach, strength... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Optimizing the approach to combat childhood obesity, we emphasize the importance of combining both biological and psychological knowledge. In such an approach, strength exercises might be an important aspect in the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent evidence indicates plausible effects of the role of resistance exercise in combating the negative health effects of childhood obesity. When looking at body composition, overweight youngsters do not only have a higher fat mass, but also a higher muscle mass compared with their normal-weight counterparts. With that, they are also stronger and better in exercises wherein the focus is on absolute strength, making them - under the right circumstances - more motivated to engage in resistance exercise and ultimately maintain a physically active lifestyle.
SUMMARY
More and more children are obese, and obese children become obese adults. One reason that overweight youngsters are not physically active is that they are outperformed by normal-weight youngsters, and one reason they are overweight is because they are not physically active. To combat childhood obesity, strength exercise might be a solution to break the vicious cycle.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Exercise; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight; Resistance Training
PubMed: 25084398
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000099 -
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift Nov 2023The prevalence of overweight and obesity is steadily increasing in Austria as well as internationally. Obesity in particular is associated with multiple health risks,...
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is steadily increasing in Austria as well as internationally. Obesity in particular is associated with multiple health risks, comorbidities, functional disability, and social stigma. Obesity is an independent, complex, chronic disease and should be treated as such by a multidisciplinary team of appropriately qualified personnel. In addition to recent international guidelines, this consensus paper outlines the overall principles of the management of overweight and obesity and provides guidance for the diagnosis and conservative treatment, focusing on lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy. Using the "5A" framework of behavioral health intervention, guidelines for a structured, pragmatic, and patient-centered medical care of adults with overweight or obesity are presented.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Conservative Treatment; Obesity; Life Style; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37821694
DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02270-9 -
PloS One 2019Overweight and obesity are important risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy may be a potential...
AIM
Overweight and obesity are important risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy may be a potential pathogenesis between the link of overweight/obesity and GDM. Since it remains unexplored, we investigated if overweight and obesity are associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM in this cohort study.
METHODS
Total 527 women who visited National Taiwan University Hospital for prenatal care in between November 2013 to April 2018 were enrolled. Risk factors of GDM in the first prenatal visit (FPV) were recorded. Overweight/obesity was defined if body mass index ≥24 kg/m2. GDM was diagnosed from the result of a 75g oral glucose tolerance test in 24-28 gestational weeks.
RESULTS
Overweight/obesity was associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors of GDM, including high fasting plasma glucose, high HbA1c, insulin resistance, high plasma triglyceride and elevated blood pressure in FPV (p<0.05). There was a positive relationship between the number of metabolic risk factors and the incidence of GDM (p <0.05). The odds ratios of HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure were higher in overweight/obese women, compared with those in normal-weight women.
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight/obesity is associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy, which is correlated with higher risk of GDM. Our findings suggest that metabolic risk factors during early pregnancy should be evaluated in overweight/obese women.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Susceptibility; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnancy; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31794594
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225978 -
Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico... 2020Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities but there are barriers that prevent its general acceptance. The growing obesity... (Review)
Review
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities but there are barriers that prevent its general acceptance. The growing obesity epidemic has resulted in the need for the creation of new, less invasive treatments, with a wide margin of safety and effectiveness for conditioning weight loss, at least greater than that resulting from treatment based on diet and exercise. Emerging therapies include devices that are endoscopically placed and removed, classified as: space-occupying devices, restrictive or anatomic-remodeling procedures, endoluminal bypass, and duodenal mucosal resurfacing. Percutaneous techniques and less invasive surgeries are also included. In general, results have shown improvement in glucose metabolism in diabetic patients. With respect to weight loss, results do not surpass those of bariatric surgery, but are better than results with conservative treatment (diet and exercise) and have a low rate of adverse events. Clinical use of a new technique should be carried out within a multidisciplinary management program that includes nutritional, psychologic, physical activity, and medical support. It must be understood that novel therapies are not being created to substitute bariatric surgery, but rather to increase treatment options in the general population, with greater reach and impact. The aim of the present study was to provide an up-to-date literature review on emerging technologies for the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Gastric Balloon; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Weight Loss
PubMed: 32768319
DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.05.007