-
Environmental Health and Preventive... 2023Overweight and obesity lead to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Physical activity (PA) is an...
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity lead to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Physical activity (PA) is an important lifestyle behavior for controlling body weight. Dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is associated with systemic inflammatory markers, is used to evaluate the potential of dietary inflammation. This is the first study to investigate the independent and joint associations of PA and DII with the risk of overweight/obesity among US adults.
METHODS
Participants and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007-2018, which is designed to examine the health and nutritional status of the non-institutionalized US population by a complex, multi-stage, probability sampling design.
RESULTS
A total of 10723 US adults were selected. Physically active participants had lower overweight/obesity risk (total-time PA: OR = 0.756, 95% CI: 0.669-0.855; leisure-time PA: OR = 0.723, 95% CI: 0.643-0.813; and walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 0.748, 95% CI: 0.639-0.875); however, those with work-time PA showed no significant association between PA and overweight/obesity. Compared with participants in the lowest DII group (Q1), those in the other three groups had high risks of overweight/obesity (Q2: OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.054-1.409; Q3: OR = 1.452, 95% CI: 1.245-1.693; Q4: OR = 1.763, 95% CI: 1.495-2.079). In joint analyses, PA was not eligible for reducing risks of weight/obesity if far more pro-inflammatory diet (Q4 of DII = 2.949-5.502) was taken in (total-time PA: OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.420-2.097; leisure-time PA: OR = 1.627, 95% CI: 1.258-2.105; walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.074-2.332; and work-time PA: OR = 1.919, 95% CI: 1.493-2.467).
CONCLUSIONS
More leisure-time PA and walk/bicycle-time PA are associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity, and higher DII is associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity. In addition, higher DII impacts overweight/obesity substantially: once the DII score reached Q4, there is still risks of overweight/obesity even if PA is performed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Nutrition Surveys; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Obesity; Diet; Exercise
PubMed: 37380500
DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00016 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... 2022Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including among pregnant women, has substantially increased in the past three decades. This has been fueled by, among... (Review)
Review
Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including among pregnant women, has substantially increased in the past three decades. This has been fueled by, among other factors, an increase in the consumption of high energy-dense foods and a decrease in physical activity. Additionally, global prevalence of anemia among pregnant women remains a public health concern. Overweight/obesity as well as anemia in pregnancy are independently associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and offspring. In some pregnant women, the two conditions coexist. Yet current knowledge in this field, including prevalence rates, risk factors, and health consequences for mother and offspring being exposed to these conditions, is staggeringly sparse. In this review we describe the current evidence on prevalence rates, risk factors, and effects for mother and offspring regarding coexistence of overweight/obesity and anaemia in pregnant women based on a systematic literature search. We also highlight research gaps and suggest avenues for future research.
Topics: Anemia; Female; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35468347
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111650 -
Current Oncology Reports Sep 2016There is a common perception that excess adiposity, commonly approximated by body mass index (BMI), is associated with reduced cancer survival. A number of studies have... (Review)
Review
There is a common perception that excess adiposity, commonly approximated by body mass index (BMI), is associated with reduced cancer survival. A number of studies have emerged challenging this by demonstrating that overweight and early obese states are associated with improved survival. This finding is termed the "obesity paradox" and is well recognized in the cardio-metabolic literature but less so in oncology. Here, we summarize the epidemiological findings related to the obesity paradox in cancer. Our review highlights that many observations of the obesity paradox in cancer reflect methodological mechanisms including the crudeness of BMI as an obesity measure, confounding, detection bias, reverse causality, and a specific form of the selection bias, known as collider bias. It is imperative for the oncologist to interpret the observation of the obesity paradox against the above methodological framework and avoid the misinterpretation that being obese might be "good" or "protective" for cancer patients.
Topics: Adiposity; Body Mass Index; Humans; Neoplasms; Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27475805
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-016-0539-4 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023Overweight and obese females demonstrate a significantly increased risk of anovulatory infertility. This study aims to investigate whether depression score could mediate...
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obese females demonstrate a significantly increased risk of anovulatory infertility. This study aims to investigate whether depression score could mediate the association between a body shape index (ABSI) and infertility, especially in overweight and obese population.
METHODS
We included 5431 adult female Americans from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2018) database. ABSI manifested the body shape using waist circumference, weight, and height. Infertility or fertility status was defined by interviewing female participants aged ≥ 18 through the reproductive health questionnaires. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with total scores between 0 and 27. To investigate the association of infertility with ABSI and other individual components, survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed. Mediation analysis of PHQ-9 score was conducted to disentangle the pathways that link ABSI to infertility among the NHANES participants.
RESULTS
596 (10.97%) females were categorized with having infertility among 5431 participants. Participants with infertility showed higher ABSI and PHQ-9 score, appearing greater population proportion with depression symptoms. In the multivariable logistic regression model, ABSI (adjusted odds ratio = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.50) and PHQ-9 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) were positively associated with infertility. PHQ-9 score was estimated to mediate 0.2% (P = 0.03) of the link between ABSI and infertility in all individuals, but to mediate 13.5% (P < 0.01) of the ABSI-infertility association in overweight and obese adult females.
CONCLUSION
The association between ABSI and infertility seems to be mediated by depression symptoms scored by PHQ-9, especially in those adult females with overweigh and obesity. Future studies should be implemented to further explore this mediator in ABSI-infertility link.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Nutrition Surveys; Body Mass Index; Depression; Somatotypes; Obesity; Infertility
PubMed: 37660004
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02622-7 -
Journal of the American Heart... Feb 2023As the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise, so too does the urgency to fully understand mediating mechanisms, to discover new targets for... (Review)
Review
As the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise, so too does the urgency to fully understand mediating mechanisms, to discover new targets for safe and effective therapeutic intervention, and to identify biomarkers to track obesity and the success of weight loss interventions. In 2016, the American Heart Association sought applications for a Strategically Focused Research Network (SFRN) on Obesity. In 2017, 4 centers were named, including Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. These 4 centers were convened to study mechanisms and therapeutic targets in obesity, to train a talented cadre of American Heart Association SFRN-designated fellows, and to initiate and sustain effective and enduring collaborations within the individual centers and throughout the SFRN networks. This review summarizes the central themes, major findings, successful training of highly motivated and productive fellows, and the innovative collaborations and studies forged through this SFRN on Obesity. Leveraging expertise in in vitro and cellular model assays, animal models, and humans, the work of these 4 centers has made a significant impact in the field of obesity, opening doors to important discoveries, and the identification of a future generation of obesity-focused investigators and next-step clinical trials. The creation of the SFRN on Obesity for these 4 centers is but the beginning of innovative science and, importantly, the birth of new collaborations and research partnerships to propel the field forward.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Overweight; American Heart Association; Obesity; Causality; New York
PubMed: 36752232
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027693 -
Revista de Neurologia Aug 2022Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive functions, such as response inhibition capacity, impulsivity control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and decision making, have been inversely related to body mass index.
AIM
This work aims to examine the neurobiological and psychological hypothesis that explain why overweight, and obesity alter the cognitive functions of children and adolescents.
DEVELOPMENT
Diets rich in fats and sugars can cause hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, augmented abdominal adipose tissue and resistance to insulin and leptin. These metabolic alterations induce a peripheral systemic inflammatory process that can affect the blood-brain barrier and the brain functioning of regions linked to attention and learning and memory processes. Some metabolic disorders of the pregnant mother, obesity during pregnancy and pre- and postnatal traumatic experiences can trigger changes in the control of food intake in children and adolescents and induce overweight in critical stages of their development. Obesity affects the functioning of the hippocampus and produces a decrease in the prefrontal cortex gray matter, thereby modifying cognitive abilities, especially executive functions.
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are a risk factor not only for general health but also for proper brain development and cognitive functions and can therefore lead to school failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Cognition; Executive Function; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35879881
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7503.2022173 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2023Data on the impact of age at onset of overweight/obesity on the risk of hypertension are limited. We aimed to investigate the above-mentioned association in Chinese...
BACKGROUND
Data on the impact of age at onset of overweight/obesity on the risk of hypertension are limited. We aimed to investigate the above-mentioned association in Chinese population.
METHODS
6700 adults who participated in at least three survey waves and were free of overweight/obesity and hypertension on first survey were included using China Health and Nutrition Survey. The age of participants at the onset of overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m) and subsequent hypertension occurrence (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication) were identified. We used the covariate-adjusted Poisson model with robust standard error to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to examine the relationship between the age at onset of overweight/obesity and hypertension.
RESULTS
There were 2,284 new-onset overweight/obesity cases and 2,268 incident cases of hypertension during an average 13.8-year follow-up period. Compared with the population without overweight/obesity, the RR (95% CI) of hypertension was 1.45 (1.28-1.65), 1.35 (1.21-1.52) and 1.16 (1.06-1.28) for overweight/obesity onset in participants aged < 38 years, 38-47 years, and ≥ 47 years, respectively. The risk of hypertension increased linearly with a decrease in age at onset of overweight/obesity (P < 0.001 for trend). The sensitivity analyses results were similar after excluding the participants taking antihypertensive medications or those with new-onset obesity or using waist circumference to define overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results emphasize the importance of assessing age at onset of overweight/obesity to prevent hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Age of Onset; Antihypertensive Agents; East Asian People; Hypertension; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 37391689
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03347-z -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine Jan 2023Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment... (Review)
Review
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment strategies like lifestyle interventions as exercise on a daily basis, nutritional health and diet.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Overweight; Pregnant Women; Pregnancy Complications; Obesity; Diet; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36018720
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0313 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Sep 2023Obesity has been associated with increased arterial stiffness. Sex-differences in arterial stiffness in obesity have been less explored.
INTRODUCTION
Obesity has been associated with increased arterial stiffness. Sex-differences in arterial stiffness in obesity have been less explored.
AIM
To explore sex-differences in arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry in 323 women and 225 with overweight and obesity, free of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Covariables of arterial stiffness were identified in multivariable linear regression analyses in the total cohort and separately in women and men.
RESULTS
In the total study cohort, women had higher augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AIx), and lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) than men, independent of confounders (all p < 0.001). In sex-specific analyses, higher AP was associated with higher age and 24-hours systolic blood pressure (BP), and with lower heart rate in women (all p < 0.001), and with higher age and BP in men (all p < 0.001). Similarly, higher AIx was associated with higher age and BP, and lower body mass index (BMI) and heart rate in women (all p < 0.05), and with higher age in men (all p < 0.001). Higher cf-PWV correlated with higher age and BP in women (all p < 0.005), and additionally with higher heart rate and non-smoking in men (all p < 0.05). When replacing BMI with waist-hip ratio, higher waist-hip ratio was associated with higher cf-PWV in men only (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Among subjects with overweight and obesity, AP and AIx were higher in women, and cf-PWV was higher in men. Age and 24-hours systolic BP were the main factors associated with arterial stiffness in both sexes, while measures of adiposity had little impact on arterial stiffness.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Blood Pressure; Overweight; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Stiffness; Obesity
PubMed: 37505440
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00593-2 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Soft drink consumption is associated with weight gain in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association between soft drink consumption and...
IMPORTANCE
Soft drink consumption is associated with weight gain in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association between soft drink consumption and prevalence of the overweight and obesity in adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of soft drink consumption with overweight and obesity in adolescents enrolled in school (hereafter, school-going adolescents) using country-level and individual-level data.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cross-sectional study used data from 3 cross-sectional studies including 107 countries and regions that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2017), the European Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (2017-2018), and the US Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2019).
EXPOSURE
Daily soft drink consumption (consuming soft drinks 1 or more times per day or not).
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Overweight and obesity defined by the World Health Organization Growth Reference Data.
RESULTS
Among the 107 countries and regions, 65 were low- and middle-income, and 42 were high-income countries and regions, with a total of 405 528 school-going adolescents (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [1.7] years; 196 147 [48.4%] males). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent students varied from 3.3% (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.1) in Cambodia to 64.0% (95% CI, 57.0 to 71.6) in Niue, and the prevalence of adolescent students consuming soft drinks 1 or more times per day varied from 3.3% (95% CI, 2.9 to 3.7) in Iceland to 79.6% (95% CI, 74.0 to 85.3) in Niue. There was a positive correlation between the prevalence of daily soft drink consumption and the prevalence of overweight and obesity (R, 0.44; P < .001). The pooled analysis using individual-level data also showed a statistically significant association between daily soft drink consumption and overweight and obesity (daily soft drink consumption vs nondaily soft drink consumption), with an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.21) among school-going adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study of 107 countries and regions, the prevalence of daily consumption of soft drinks was associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent students. Our results, in conjunction with other evidence, suggest that reducing soft drink consumption should be a priority in combating adolescent overweight and obesity.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Carbonated Beverages; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37486630
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25158