-
Archives of Disease in Childhood Mar 2021
Review
Topics: Body Mass Index; Child; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Female; Growth Charts; Humans; Male; Medical Overuse; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32444449
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318857 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021Tackling obesity among adolescents requires the optimization of existing obesity treatment strategies. For this purpose, social and personal circumstances, individual...
Tackling obesity among adolescents requires the optimization of existing obesity treatment strategies. For this purpose, social and personal circumstances, individual needs and behavior of therapy participants need to be analyzed to tailor aims, content and methods of therapy interventions to the target groups. A total of 432 obesity therapy participants between 11 and 17 years completed a written survey in a national multi-center study conducted in 2015. The data collection on behavior, in terms of physical activity, media use and sociodemographic variables, was based on questionnaires from the KiGGS, HBSC and JIM studies. The results show that participants were found to be physically active together with friends (75.5%), alone (41.4%) and in sports clubs (34.9%). Girls (OR 1.55) were less likely to participate in sports clubs. Social networks, especially YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook, were widely used. However, differences emerged among sociodemographic groups (e.g., boys vs. girls) regarding the use of social network features. A third of participants reported that smartphone apps regularly encouraged them to exercise. The findings imply that obesity therapy approaches need to be adapted and more differentiated according to the specific needs of the target groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Social Networking; Sports
PubMed: 34203513
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136938 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2022The timing of adiposity peak (AP) or adiposity rebound (AR) is a determinant of overweight or obesity in adolescence and adulthood. However, limited studies have...
BACKGROUND
The timing of adiposity peak (AP) or adiposity rebound (AR) is a determinant of overweight or obesity in adolescence and adulthood. However, limited studies have reported the association in young school-age children. We aimed to evaluate this association and explore the role of health behaviours in it.
METHODS
Routinely collected, sequential, anthropometric data from the 1st to 80th months of age were used to estimate AP and AR timings in 2330 children born in Shanghai between 2010 and 2013. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to identify the associations between the AP or AR timings and the risk of developing overweight or obesity in first-grade school children. The roles of health behaviours, including dietary patterns, physical activity level, sleep and snacking habits, and screen time, were also evaluated.
RESULTS
Children with a late AP or an early AR were at higher risk of overweight but not obesity or central obesity in their first grade. A high physical activity level was associated with a lower risk of having overweight in children with a late AP, and limited screen time was associated with a decreased risk of having overweight or obesity in children with an early AR. The absence of a late-night snacking habit in children with a non-early AR indicated a decreased risk of having overweight. However, this association was not observed among children with an early AR.
CONCLUSION
The timings of AP and AR are tied to overweight in middle childhood. Prevention strategies are suggested to move forward to control late AP and early AR.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35439975
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03190-9 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors.
METHODS
Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases and assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's assessing risk tool. The effect size was pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) for body composition variables (i.e., body mass index [BMI], body fat, body weight, fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density) and quality of life (i.e., physical health and mental health), and the confidence interval (CI) was set as 95%. Since heterogeneity existed, subgroup analysis was conducted to detect the source of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Eight articles from six RCTs containing 548 overweight/obese breast cancer survivors (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) were included and analyzed. Compared to routine care, exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index [WMD (95% CI) = -1.37 (-2.50, -0.23) kg/m] and body fat [WMD (95% CI) = -3.80 (-6.59, -1.01) %] of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. Exercise intervention showed a tendency to increase physical health [WMD (95% CI) = 2.65 (-10.19, 15.48)] and mental health [WMD (95%CI) = 1.38 (-4.18, 6.95)], but no statistical significance was observed. A subgroup analysis showed the duration of intervention was a source of heterogeneity on body composition. In the 16-week subgroup, exercise intervention decreased fat mass and BMI while increased lean mass and bone mineral density. The 52-week exercise intervention was effective in increasing lean mass. A significant exercise intervention effect on reducing body fat was only detected in the 12-week subgroup.
CONCLUSION
Exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index and body fat of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. The benefits of exercise interventions for overweight/obese breast cancer survivors need more evidence from high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Overweight; Cancer Survivors; Breast Neoplasms; Obesity; Body Composition; Quality of Life; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37700300
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02627-2 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Oct 2015Discussing obesity with the patient without this being perceived as offensive may represent a challenge. Prevention of lifestyle diseases requires that this topic be...
BACKGROUND
Discussing obesity with the patient without this being perceived as offensive may represent a challenge. Prevention of lifestyle diseases requires that this topic be addressed with those concerned. In this study, we investigate the patients' sensitivity to expressions, i.e. their notions of appropriateness or inappropriateness regarding various terms for obesity, and what patient characteristics are associated with such sensitivity to expressions.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The investigation is part of a five-year study of patients in Central Norway who were treated for morbid obesity. The terms used in the study had been suggested by the Overweight Patients' Association. Data on sensitivity to expressions were collected with the aid of a questionnaire one year after completion of the treatment.
RESULTS
Altogether 157 out of 206 participants completed the questionnaire. Their average body mass index (BMI) (SD) amounted to 37.6 kg/m² (7.3 kg/m²). Their sensitivity to 14 different designations varied. «Weight», «overweight» and «weight problem» returned the best scores, whereas «obesitas», «obese» and «fat» were deemed least appropriate. The highest sensitivity to expressions was found among women, those who developed overweight early in life, those who had higher education and those who were dissatisfied with their weight.
INTERPRETATION
The perceptions of various expressions for overweight and obesity varied considerably. Knowledge about this topic may be relevant for doctors and other health personnel in prevention and treatment of obesity.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Norway; Obesity; Overweight; Professional-Patient Relations; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 26486667
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0828 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2022Overweight in early childhood often tracks into adolescence and adulthood and early childhood is a critical period for developing sustained overweight. This study aims...
BACKGROUND
Overweight in early childhood often tracks into adolescence and adulthood and early childhood is a critical period for developing sustained overweight. This study aims to investigate the early detection of childhood overweight (including obesity) and related cardiometabolic complications in a Danish population-based cohort of children aged 2.5-8 years in collaboration with primary care municipal dental clinics and public health nurses.
METHODS
In this prospective population-based cohort study, 335 pre-school children (age 2.5 and 5 years) were recruited from municipal dental clinics, and 657 school children (age 6-8 years) by public health nurses. A subgroup of 392 children (40%) participated in additional hospital-based examinations including blood pressure measurement and a blood sample. Children were re-examined approximately one year later.
RESULTS
The prevalence of overweight was 13.73% in pre-school children and 13.69% in school children at baseline. In the pre-school children, differences in cardiometabolic risk markers between children with and without overweight were minor, whereas in school children with overweight, cardiometabolic derangements were manifest including significantly higher levels of fasting glucose, insulin, homoeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. During follow-up the prevalence of overweight did not change in pre-school children but increased to 17.0% in school children.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing contacts with the primary health care sector, including dental care, can successfully be used for detection of overweight. This study suggests that early detection should be initiated at pre-school ages since overweight-related complications are already established by school ages.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35514021
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.04.001 -
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2018With the increasing recognition of overweight, obesity, and metabolic diseases in paediatrics, there is a need to apply more precise diag-nostic methods to individualise... (Review)
Review
With the increasing recognition of overweight, obesity, and metabolic diseases in paediatrics, there is a need to apply more precise diag-nostic methods to individualise the procedures and improve their monitoring. Advanced methods of evaluating body composition are a valuable addition to body weighing because they provide more precise data than screening methods such as anthropometry and bioe-lectrical impedance analysis (BIA). However, they require expensive equipment and highly trained staff. The availability of methods used in paediatrics is increasing. The article discusses the technical assumptions and summarises data from literature concerning the accuracy of chosen methods. From those, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is distinguished as being widely accepted. Not only does it serve to evaluate bone density, but also to assess fat mass, making it a crucial element of multicomponent models (3C, 4C), which is often used separately as a reference method for other techniques. Methods based on body volume measurement are also of great importance. Traditionally they include hydrodensitometry (HW), which is being displaced by air displacement plethysmography (ADP), which is more acceptable among young patients. Numerous publications indicate that ADP may become a valuable alternative for widely used DXA. Isotope dilution methods are less popular in paediatrics, due to their cost and limited credibility, but are more commonly used among adults. The last group comprises imaging methods rarely used in the discussed indication. With the knowledge of available techniques and current clinical situation one can, for the patient's benefit, decide between screening and advanced techniques of body composition measurement.
Topics: Body Composition; Child; Densitometry; Humans; Overweight; Pediatrics; Plethysmography
PubMed: 30963757
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2018.83366 -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2022There is limited information on the association of parental weight change with overweight and obesity in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the association...
BACKGROUND
There is limited information on the association of parental weight change with overweight and obesity in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental weight change and incident overweight and obesity in offspring.
METHODS
This longitudinal cohort study included 2,963 parent-offspring trios who participated in at least two waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The children without overweight and obesity defined by the International Obesity Task Force were included at the initial survey. Parental overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m.
RESULTS
The incidence of overweight and obesity in offspring was 5.8% during a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Paternal and maternal overweight and obesity at baseline were associated with this condition in offspring at follow-up (both P < 0.05). Compared with the persistent normal group, the persistent overweight and obesity group and incident overweight and obesity group (normal weight to overweight and obesity), but not the reversion group (overweight and obesity to normal weight), were more likely to report overweight and obesity in offspring at follow-up, regardless of father's or mother's condition. Additionally, compared with offspring whose both parents remained normal weight, those whose both parents changed from overweight and obesity to normal weight or whose one parent changed from overweight and obesity to normal weight while the other remained normal weight had no higher risks of overweight and obesity.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of parental weight management in the prevention of overweight/obesity in offspring.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Child; Fathers; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Parents; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35672684
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03399-8 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2022Most contemporary Western cultures are characterized by fatphobia. The fat body is seen as morally incorrect, a sign of disease, loss of control and weakness. People...
Most contemporary Western cultures are characterized by fatphobia. The fat body is seen as morally incorrect, a sign of disease, loss of control and weakness. People with obesity and overweight, especially women, are discriminated against and stigmatized for their body size, including by health professionals like dietitians. This study sought to understand and compare social representations of obesity and overweight among dietitians and laywomen from three nationalities: Brazilian, French and Spanish. A qualitative and comparative methodology was established based on 131 semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis revealed that the categories of overweight and obesity were negatively perceived by laywomen and dietitians from all three nationalities. Moral discourses linking these conditions with lack of discipline and a lack of emotional control were frequently used. Fatness was associated with irrationality, putting individuals who were overweight and obese in a position of social and moral inferiority. In the case of obesity, these ideas were more discriminatory and stigmatizing. Although environmental, genetic, hereditary or metabolic causes were mentioned as factors causing obesity, behavioural aspects occupied a central place in the discourses. Differences were also observed among the three nationalities. Cultural factors related to the relationship with body and food seemed to influence the interviewees' social representations. Brazilian laywomen and dietitians put more emphasis on moral and individual aspects. Spanish, French and informants who were overweight were more likely to cite physiological and environmental determinants. French informants also mentioned the role of food education given by parents. In conclusion, the discourses of professionals and laywomen had more similarities than differences, were based on moral and normative judgements and influenced by sociocultural norms. Fatphobic attitudes may impact dietitians' perception of patients with obesity and the eating education process.
Topics: Brazil; Female; Food; Humans; Nutritionists; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 35228094
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114861 -
Pediatric Obesity Jan 2023Prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity for a group of children vary depending on the BMI reference and cut-off used. Previously we developed an algorithm to...
BACKGROUND
Prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity for a group of children vary depending on the BMI reference and cut-off used. Previously we developed an algorithm to convert prevalence rates based on one reference to those based on another.
OBJECTIVE
To improve the algorithm by combining information on overweight and obesity prevalence.
METHODS
The original algorithm assumed that prevalence according to two different cut-offs A and B differed by a constant amount on the z-score scale. However the results showed that the z-score difference tended to be greater in the upper tail of the distribution and was better represented by , where was a constant that varied by group. The improved algorithm uses paired prevalence rates of overweight and obesity to estimate for each group. Prevalence based on cut-off A is then transformed to a z-score, adjusted up or down according to and back-transformed, and this predicts prevalence based on cut-off B. The algorithm's performance was tested on 228 groups of children aged 6-17 years from 20 countries.
RESULTS
The revised algorithm performed much better than the original. The standard deviation (SD) of residuals, the difference between observed and predicted prevalence, was 0.8% (n = 2320 comparisons), while the SD of the difference between pairs of the original prevalence rates was 4.3%, meaning that the algorithm explained 96.7% of the baseline variance (88.2% with original algorithm).
CONCLUSIONS
The improved algorithm appears to be effective at harmonizing prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity based on different references.
Topics: Child; Humans; Overweight; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Obesity; Algorithms
PubMed: 35997305
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12970