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Heliyon Jun 2023Football practice involves a great muscular demand, leading to the development of the lower limbs that, on occasions, can cause deviations from the normal anthropometric...
BACKGROUND
Football practice involves a great muscular demand, leading to the development of the lower limbs that, on occasions, can cause deviations from the normal anthropometric values. The quadriceps angle (Q angle) is a value often taken as a reference for the alignment of the lower limbs.
OBJECTIVE
To observe the changes of the Q angle in young football players, because of muscular effort, analyzing the differences between four groups of different ages and to determine whether the playing position might influence these variations.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was carried out with 104 male subjects divided into four groups according to age: under 8 years-old, 8-17 years-old, 17-21 years-old and over 21 years-old. A photograph was taken in standing position and the Q angle was plotted with KINOVEA® software. As for the reliability of the measurements, intraclass intra and interobserver coefficient were 0.958 and 0.860 respectively. The study was conducted in mid-season.
RESULTS
Q angle value is greater in those under 8 years of age and decreases gradually and significantly (p < 0.005) until 17-21 years of age, where it stabilizes at values of 5.73° ± 2.78 for right Q angle and 5.88° ± 2.55 for left Q angle. Two way ANOVA demonstrated a significant group*position interaction for goalkeepers with a medium effect size in both angles (p < 0.001) with a medium effect (η Right Q angle = 0.31; η Left Q angle = 0.37). The values remain unchanged in subjects over 21 years of age (p > 0.005), except for goalkeepers, who suffered a difference in the evolution of the angle within their age category (p < 0.005) and with a high effect size with the other positions (value > 0.8) except forward (value < 0.5).
CONCLUSION
This study determines that the Q angle in football players decreases with growth, reaching values below 15° at the end of development. Playing positions only influence players over the age of 21, and the Q-angle of goalkeepers is greater than that of other players.
PubMed: 37292358
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16781 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... Oct 2023This in vitro study was conducted to compare the discoloration of a flowable self-adhesive composite, a highly filled composite adhesive, and a liquid polish applied...
PURPOSE
This in vitro study was conducted to compare the discoloration of a flowable self-adhesive composite, a highly filled composite adhesive, and a liquid polish applied highly filled composite adhesive for bonded lingual retainers.
METHODS
Thirty composite discs were fabricated and divided into three groups: group 1, flowable self-adhesive (GC Ortho Connect™ Flow [GCO], GC Orthodontics, Tokyo, Japan); group 2, highly filled composite adhesive (Transbond™ LR [TLR], 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA); and group 3, highly filled composite adhesive with liquid polish (TLR and BisCover LV™ [TLRB], BISCO Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA). L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer prior to (T0) and following (T1) immersion in coffee. T1 - T0 differences were calculated as ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, and ∆E*ab values. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine whether the data were normally distributed. The values that did not fit the normal distribution were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Dunn's test was used for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was p < 0.05.
RESULTS
The difference between the TLR and TLRB groups was statistically significant for ∆E*ab (P = 0.007). ∆E*ab value of TLR group was greater than ∆E*ab value of TLRB group. The differences between the GCO and TLR groups (p = 0.001) and the TLR and TLRB groups (p = 0.010) were statistically significant for ∆a*. ∆a* values of GCO and TLRB groups were greater than ∆a* value of TLR group. The difference between the TLR and TLRB groups was statistically significant (p = 0.003) for ∆b*. ∆b* value of TLR group was greater than ∆b* value of TLRB group.
CONCLUSIONS
Using a Transbond LR polished with BisCover LV or only GC Ortho Connect Flow for lingual retainer bonding reduces coffee-induced discoloration.
Topics: Resin Cements; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Coffee; Composite Resins; Materials Testing
PubMed: 36867217
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00453-7 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Apr 2023To measure the difference in the crown color of the maxillary anterior teeth in the Chinese population, to study its potential regularity, and to provide a reference for...
BACKGROUND
To measure the difference in the crown color of the maxillary anterior teeth in the Chinese population, to study its potential regularity, and to provide a reference for the colorimetry of oral anterior teeth restoration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Using VITA Easyshade Advance4.0 spectrophotometer (the colorimetric system is CIE-1976-L*a*b*), adult patients who were treated in Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Fujian Province, China, from January 2022 to June 2022 160 patients (88 males, 72 females, aged 20-60 years) were used as the survey subjects, and the L*a*b* of 1/3 of the crowns of 6 anterior teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines) were measured Value, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 software.
RESULTS
The mean L* values of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the Chinese population were: (73.02±4.41), (69.96±4.70), (65.14±4.21); the mean a* values were: (-0.54±4.21) 0.35), (0.22±0.63), (1.40±0.62), and the mean values of b* were: (14.50±3.23), (18.60±3.94), (23.64±3.30). 1. There was no significant difference in L*a*b* value between left and right symmetrical teeth with the same name (>0.05). 2. There was no statistical difference in the L*a*b* value between genders (>0.05), 3. There was a statistical difference in L*a*b* value between different tooth positions (< 0.05). 4. There were significant differences in L*a*b* values in different age groups (< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
1. The color of the labial crown of maxillary anterior teeth in the Chinese population is related to different age groups and tooth positions but not gender. 2. In the Chinese population, the color of the maxillary anterior teeth on the labial side gradually decreased from the central incisor to the distal end of the dental arch while the chroma gradually increased. 3. With age increase, the L* and a* values of the upper central incisors, upper lateral incisors, and upper canines gradually decrease, and the b* value gradually increases. The teeth became darker, more yellow, and redder. 4. In the clinical colorimetry of the upper anterior teeth, the contralateral tooth with the same name is preferred. Suppose the tooth with the same name is missing at the same time. In that case, when using the adjacent teeth as a reference, the different brightness and chroma between the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canine teeth should be compared. Change trend to determine. 5. A uniform tooth color should not be selected for anterior restoration, and age should be considered when choosing a color for the patient. Upper anterior teeth, Crown color, CIE-1976-L*a*b*, spectrophotometric colorimeter.
PubMed: 37152497
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60170 -
Allergy & Rhinology (Providence, R.I.) 2021Radiologic findings of fungal sinus disease are generally opacification in paranasal computed tomography (CT) images. The Hounsfield unit (HU) is a standardized...
Radiologic findings of fungal sinus disease are generally opacification in paranasal computed tomography (CT) images. The Hounsfield unit (HU) is a standardized objective unit that is also suitable for measuring remodeling and opacifications on CT scans of bone sections of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. We hypothesized that HU values could provide valuable information in isolated sphenoid sinus lesions before surgery. Between 2012 and 2019, 35 patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for sphenoid sinus lesions. Tissues obtained from the sphenoid sinus were divided into two groups, fungal and nonfungal, according to the findings of histopathologic examinations. HU values were measured in sphenoid sinus sections on paranasal CT scans of these two groups. Differences in mean and maximum HU values between the two groups were statistically significant (<.05). The maximum HU values calculated from the sphenoid sinus were 435.08 and 196.23 (≤.05) in the fungal group and nonfungal group, respectively. The mean HU values calculated from the sphenoid sinus were 64.31 and 29 (≤.05) in the fungal and nonfungal groups, respectively. At the maximum cutoff value of 241, the sensitivity and specificity of the HU maximum were 84.6% and 77.3%, respectively. At the mean cutoff value of 41.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the HU mean were 76.9% and 86.4%, respectively. HU is an objective value used in radiographic density measurement. The HU values were higher in fungal lesions than in nonfungal inflammations, and they are useful in preoperative measurement.
PubMed: 34457372
DOI: 10.1177/21526567211032560 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022The metabolic parameters which included mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardised...
OBJECTIVES
The metabolic parameters which included mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardised uptake lean body mass (SULmax), and maximum standardised uptake body surface area (SUVbsa) have rarely been investigated in pulmonary carcinoid (PC). This study aimed to retrospectively compare the F-FDG PET/CT features of PC subtypes and observe clinicopathological and oncogenic characteristics of PC.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective review in 60 patients with PC, from January 2016 to November 2021, who underwent the F-FDG PET/CT scan. All the PC diagnoses were histopathologic confirmed by surgical samples. The metabolic and morphological features were obtained from F-FDG PET/CT images. The ratio of metabolic to morphological lesion volumes (MMVR) was calculated.
RESULTS
Sixty patients with PC were consecutively identified, including 39 patients (65.0%) with typical carcinoids (TCs) and 21 (35.0%) with atypical carcinoids (ACs). One (1/21) patient had mutation in BRAF. The ACs have a larger size ( < 0.001), more metastatic lymph nodes ( = 0.011), higher Ki-67 expression ( < 0.001), higher SUVmax values ( = 0.003), higher SUVmean values ( = 0.006), higher SULmax values ( = 0.005), higher SUVbsa values ( = 0.001), higher MTV values ( = 0.033), and higher TLG values ( = 0.002). The multivariate analysis showed that MMVR ( = 0.020) was significantly associated with AC. For predicting AC, the optimal cut-off value of SUVmax, SUVmean, SULmax, SUVbsa, MTV, TLG, and the maximum diameter was 5.19, 3.18, 2.65, 1.47, 4.36, 18.44, and 3.0, respectively. The AUC values of above mentioned parameters was 0.756 (95%CI, 0.631-881; = 0.001), 0.735 (95%CI, 0.602-868; = 0.003), 0.736 (95%CI, 0.607-865; = 0.003), 0.742 (95%CI, 0.612-873; = 0.002), 0.593 (95%CI, 0.430-755; = 0.239), 0.680 (95%CI, 0.531-829; = 0.022), and 0.733 (95%CI, 0.598-868; = 0.003), respectively. For predicting TC, the optimal cut-off value of the MMVR was 0.92, and the AUC value was 0.780 (95%CI, 0.647-0.913; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
F-FDG PET/CT can simultaneously reveal the metabolic and morphological characteristics of PC, which is important in the differentiation for histopathologic subtypes.
Topics: Carcinoid Tumor; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35821888
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1926797 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Existing studies have confirmed that urine colour through a urine colour chart is one of the effective indicators for assessing hydration. In recent years, the L*a*b*...
OBJECTIVES
Existing studies have confirmed that urine colour through a urine colour chart is one of the effective indicators for assessing hydration. In recent years, the L*a*b* colour space has been widely used in the objective quantitative analysis of colour. The L*, a* and b* values represent the luminance change from black to white, the chromaticity change from green to red and the chromaticity change from blue to yellow, respectively. This study aimed to examine the validity of the urine colour L*a*b* parameters for assessing the level of hydration amongst athletes.
METHODS
The study included a total of 474 young elite athletes (251 males and 223 females, age: 24.59 ± 4.86 years). A total of 803 urine samples were collected from the subjects in various stages of hydration, including morning urine and spot urine sample during rehydration. L*a*b* parameters were measured by spectrophotometer. Hydration status was assessed via urine osmolality and urine specific gravity.
RESULTS
Urine colour b* value has a high correlation with urine specific gravity and urine osmolality (r = 0.811, 0.741, both < 0.01); L* value has a moderate correlation with urine specific gravity and urine osmolality (r = -0.508, -0.471, both < 0.01); there was no significant correlation between a* value and urine specific gravity, urine osmolality ( > 0.05). Whether the diagnosis of hypohydration is based on Usg ≥ 1.020 or Uosm ≥ 700 mmol/kg: The AUC of b* values were all above 0.9 and the specificity and sensitivity of b* values were high (both greater than 80%). The AUC of both L* and a* values were less than 0.5. Whether the diagnosis of hyperhydration is based on Usg ≤ 1.010 or Uosm ≤ 500 mmol/kg: The AUC of b* values were all above 0.9 and the specificity and sensitivity of b* value were high (both greater than 90%). The AUC of both L* and a* values were less than 0.5.
CONCLUSION
These results suggested that the validity of urine colour b* value for assessing hydration amongst athletes was high, however, the validity of urine colour L* and a* values were low.
PubMed: 36034925
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.997189 -
Clinical Value of PLR, MLR, and NWR in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022The clinical value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-white blood cell ratio (NWR) in predicting the prognosis...
OBJECTIVE
The clinical value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-white blood cell ratio (NWR) in predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was studied.
METHODS
A total of 131 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our hospital from May 2015 to June 2018 were selected as the study subjects, and all were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationship between the values of PLR, MLR, and NWR and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clinical staging was analyzed; all patients were followed up for 3 years. Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the survival of patients. The predictive value of PLR, MLR, and NWR values for patients' prognosis was analyzed, and the survival rates of patients with different PLR, MLR, and NWR values were compared.
RESULTS
The effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer was 62.60% (82/131), and the PLR, MLR, and NWR values in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group ( < 0.05). The AUC of combined PLR, MLR, and NWR in evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was greater than that of PLR and NWR alone ( < 0.05). The PLR value of patients with stage IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc was greater than that of patients with stage II, the MLR value of patients with stage IIIb and IIIc was greater than that of patients with stage II and IIIa, and the NMR value of patients with stage IIIc was greater than that of patients with stage II, IIIa, and IIIb ( < 0.05). PLR, MLR, and NWR values were positively correlated with clinical stage ( < 0.05). The PLR, MLR, and NWR values in the survival group were lower than those in the death group ( < 0.05). The AUC of combined PLR, MLR, and NWR in predicting the prognosis of patients was greater than that of MLR and NWR alone ( < 0.05). The survival rate of patients with PLR ≥ 162.11 (36.21%) was lower than that of patients with PLR < 162.11 (80.82%), and the survival rate of patients with MLR ≥ 0.31 (42.86%) was lower than that of patients with MLR < 0.31 (74.67%), and the survival rate of patients with NWR ≥ 0.62 (45.00%) was lower than that of patients with NWR < 0.62 (74.65%) ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PLR, MLR, and NWR values are correlated with clinical stage, and the combined detection has value in evaluating the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.
Topics: Humans; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 35664642
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8005975 -
World Neurosurgery May 2022The application and interpretation of P values have caused debate for several decades, and this debate has become particularly relevant in the past few years. The P...
The application and interpretation of P values have caused debate for several decades, and this debate has become particularly relevant in the past few years. The P value represents the probability of seeing results as extreme or more extreme than those observed in a data analysis, were the null hypothesis and other underlying assumptions to be true. While P values are useful in pointing out where an effect may be present, they have often been misused in an attempt to oversell "statistically significant" findings. As P values rely on the spread and number of measurements, a smaller P value does not necessarily imply a larger effect size, which is better assessed via an effect estimate and confidence interval interpreted in the context of the study. The clinical relevance of a computed P value is context dependent. We investigated the current use of P values in a small sample of recent neurosurgical literature. Only a minority of manuscripts that reported statistical significance described confounder adjustment, or effect sizes. A common, incorrect assumption often observed was that statistical significance equals clinical relevance. To enable correct interpretation of clinical significance, it is crucial that authors describe the clinical implications of their findings.
Topics: Data Analysis; Humans; Probability; Publications
PubMed: 35505545
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.018 -
Journal of Applied Statistics 2021The discussion on the use and misuse of -values in 2016 by the American Statistician Association was a timely assertion that statistical concept should be properly used...
The discussion on the use and misuse of -values in 2016 by the American Statistician Association was a timely assertion that statistical concept should be properly used in science. Some researchers, especially the economists, who adopt significance testing and -values to report their results, may felt confused by the statement, leading to misinterpretations of the statement. In this study, we aim to re-examine the accuracy of the -value and introduce an alternative way for testing the hypothesis. We conduct a simulation study to investigate the reliability of the -value. Apart from investigating the performance of -value, we also introduce some existing approaches, Minimum Bayes Factors and Belief functions, for replacing -value. Results from the simulation study confirm unreliable -value in some cases and that our proposed approaches seem to be useful as the substituted tool in the statistical inference. Moreover, our results show that the plausibility approach is more accurate for making decisions about the null hypothesis than the traditionally used -values when the null hypothesis is true. However, the MBFs of Edwards [. Psychol. Rev. 70(3) (1963), pp. 193-242]; Vovk [. J. Royal Statistical Soc. Series B (Methodological) 55 (1993), pp. 317-351] and Sellke [. Am. Stat. 55(1) (2001), pp. 62-71] provide more reliable results compared to all other methods when the null hypothesis is false.
PubMed: 35707444
DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2020.1748180 -
The Patient May 2021In economic evaluations, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) can serve as a unit of measurement for disease burden. Obtaining QALY values for COVID-19 presents a...
BACKGROUND
In economic evaluations, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) can serve as a unit of measurement for disease burden. Obtaining QALY values for COVID-19 presents a challenge owing to the availability of two US EQ-5D-5L value sets and the potentially asymptomatic presentation of the disease. The first value set was completed allowing for the discounting of future health outcomes while the second value set is undiscounted.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the distribution of QALY values using a national survey and the two published value sets; and to estimate the association between COVID-19 outcomes and QALY losses.
METHODS
Between 9 and 11 November, 2020, 1153 US adults completed the EQ-5D-5L instrument (five items and a visual analog scale) as well as self-reported their demographics, COVID-19 symptoms, and memberships to populations that are at risk of COVID-19 infection. The two US value sets were applied to the EQ-5D-5L responses to produce QALY values. We estimated the mean QALYs by visual analog scale decile and a generalized linear model of COVID-19 outcomes.
RESULTS
The discounted values are higher than the undiscounted values for each visual analog scale decile owing to methodological differences. Persons at increased risk, with a fever in the past day, and with one or more other symptoms have significantly greater QALY losses (p < 0.01). Overall, non-institutionalized individuals at risk of symptomatic clinical COVID-19 equal 0.68 for the 2016 value set (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.87) and 0.10 for the 2017 value set (95% confidence interval - 0.31 to 0.51) QALYs.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple studies have shown that decision makers discount future health outcomes, which increase QALY values. This study confronts the practical implications of these methodological advances for use in COVID-19 economic evaluations. Health economists will be able to use the QALY values in this study to better evaluate health interventions against COVID-19.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Status; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; SARS-CoV-2; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 33782840
DOI: 10.1007/s40271-021-00509-z