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International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns.... (Review)
Review
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Chlorella; Chromobacterium; Drinking Water; Flocculation; Humans; Paenibacillus; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 33322826
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jul 2021Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is a nonvirulent organism found in human and ruminant microbiota. However, P. thiaminolyticus can act as an opportunistic pathogen in...
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is a nonvirulent organism found in human and ruminant microbiota. However, P. thiaminolyticus can act as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. We describe a case of abdominal wall hematoma secondarily infected by P. thiaminolyticus. Our findings emphasize the risk for unusual Paenibacillus infections in otherwise healthy persons.
Topics: Humans; Paenibacillus; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Switzerland; Wound Infection
PubMed: 34152975
DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.203348 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Sep 2023A Gram-strain positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-246) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity...
A Gram-strain positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-246) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons showed a most closely relationship to Paenibacillus oenotherae DT7-4 (98.4%) and Paenibacillus xanthinolyticus 11N27 (98.0%). The pairwise average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values of the JJ-246 genome assembly against publicly available Paenibacillus type strain genomes were below 82% and 33%, respectively. The draft genome of JJ-246 shared many putative plant-beneficial functions contributing (PBFC) genes, related to plant root colonisation, oxidative stress protection, degradation of aromatic compounds, plant growth-promoting traits, disease resistance, drug and heavy metal resistance, and nutrient acquisition. The quinone system of strain JJ-246, the polar lipid profile and the major fatty acids were congruent with those reported for members of the genus Paenibacillus. JJ-246 was shown to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus plantiphilus sp. nov. is proposed, with JJ-246 (= LMG 32093 = CCM 9089 = CIP 111893) as the type strain.
Topics: Zea mays; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Base Composition; Phylogeny; DNA, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2; Paenibacillus; Fatty Acids; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 37338631
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01852-x -
Viruses Jun 2021The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization, including the phage effect on honeybees in laboratory conditions, of phages active against , the causative...
The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization, including the phage effect on honeybees in laboratory conditions, of phages active against , the causative agent of American Foulbrood-a highly infective and easily spreading disease occurring in honeybee larva, and subsequently the development of a preparation to prevent and treat this dangerous disease. From the tested material (over 2500 samples) 35 spp. strains were obtained and used to search for phages. Five phages specific to were isolated and characterized (ultrastructure, morphology, biological properties, storage stability, and genome sequence). The characteristics were performed to obtain knowledge of their lytic potential and compose the final phage cocktail with high antibacterial potential and intended use of future field application. Preliminary safety studies have also been carried out on healthy bees, which suggest that the phage preparation administered is harmless.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriolysis; Bacteriophages; Bees; Endotoxins; Host Specificity; Paenibacillus larvae; Poland
PubMed: 34201873
DOI: 10.3390/v13071217 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Sep 2023We sequenced the genomes of recently discovered (CCOS 2000) and of the type strains of closely related (DSM 7262) and (LMG 21716). The three genomes set the basis to...
We sequenced the genomes of recently discovered (CCOS 2000) and of the type strains of closely related (DSM 7262) and (LMG 21716). The three genomes set the basis to unambiguous diagnostic of these honey bee associated bacteria.
PubMed: 37530538
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00209-23 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2017Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause serious crop losses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the nematicidal factors and the modes and mechanisms of action...
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause serious crop losses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the nematicidal factors and the modes and mechanisms of action involved in nematode control by Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1. Treatment of the second-stage juveniles (J2) juveniles of PPN Meloidogyne incognita with the biological control agent KM2501-1 resulted in a mortality of 87.66% in vitro and reduced symptoms on tomato by up to 82.61% under greenhouse conditions. We isolated 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from strain KM2501-1, of which 8 had contact nematicidal activity, 6 had fumigant activity, and 5 acted as stable chemotactic agents to M. incognita. The VOCs provided a comprehensive strategy against PPNs that included "honey-trap", fumigant, attractant and repellent modes. Furfural acetone and 2-decanol functioned as "honey-traps" attracting M. incognita and then killing it by contact or fumigation. Two other VOCs, 2-nonanone and 2-decanone, as well as strain KM2501-1 itself, destroyed the integrity of the intestine and pharynx. Collectively our results indicate that VOCs produced by P. polymyxa KM2501-1 act through diverse mechanisms to control M. incognita. Moreover, the novel "honey-trap" mode of VOC-nematode interaction revealed in this study extends our understanding of the strategies exploited by nematicidal biocontrol agents.
Topics: Alcohols; Aldehydes; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ketones; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Tylenchoidea
PubMed: 29176679
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16631-8 -
Journal of Genomics 2023Here, we describe the isolation and draft genome sequence of sp. CCS19. sp. CCS19 was isolated from leaf soil collected in Japan and identified based on similarity of...
Here, we describe the isolation and draft genome sequence of sp. CCS19. sp. CCS19 was isolated from leaf soil collected in Japan and identified based on similarity of the 16S rRNA sequence with related type strains. The draft genome sequence of sp. CCS19 consisted of a total of 107 contigs containing 6,816,589 bp, with a GC content of 51.5% and comprising 5,935 predicted coding sequences.
PubMed: 37780743
DOI: 10.7150/jgen.87228 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Species in the genus from special habitats have attracted great attention due to their plant growth-promoting traits. A novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria...
Species in the genus from special habitats have attracted great attention due to their plant growth-promoting traits. A novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) species in the genus was isolated from spruce forest at the height of 3,150 m in the Qilian Mountains, Gansu province, China. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, , and gene sequences demonstrated that strain LC-T2 was affiliated in the genus and exhibited the highest sequence similarity with KCTC 13049 (97.4%). Average nucleotide identity (ANIb and ANIm) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between strain LC-T2 and KCTC 13049 were 72.6, 83.3, and 21.2%, respectively, indicating their genetic differences at the species level. These differences were further verified by polar lipids profiles, major fatty acid contents, and several distinct physiological characteristics. Meanwhile, the draft genome analysis provided insight into the genetic features to support its plant-associated lifestyle and habitat adaptation. Subsequently, the effects of volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted from strain LC-T2 on the growth of were evaluated. Application of strain LC-T2 significantly improved root surface area, root projection area, and root fork numbers by 158.3, 158.3, and 241.2%, respectively, compared to control. Also, the effects of LC-T2 on the growth of white clover ( L.) were further assessed by pot experiment. Application of LC-T2 also significantly improved the growth of white clover with root fresh weight increased over three-folds compared to control. Furthermore, the viable bacterial genera of rhizosphere soil were detected in each treatment. The number of genera from LC-T2 -inoculated rhizosphere soil was 1.7-fold higher than that of control, and some isolates were similar to strain LC-T2 , indicating that LC-T2 inoculation was effective in the rhizosphere soil of white clover. Overall, strain LC-T2 should be attributed to a novel PGPR species within the genus based on phylogenetic relatedness, genotypic features, and phenotypic and inoculation experiment, for which the name sp. nov. is proposed.
PubMed: 35250949
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833313 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2023WLY78, a N-fixing bacterium, has great potential use as a biofertilizer in agriculture. Recently, we have revealed that GlnR positively and negatively regulates the...
WLY78, a N-fixing bacterium, has great potential use as a biofertilizer in agriculture. Recently, we have revealed that GlnR positively and negatively regulates the transcription of the (trogen ixation) operon () in WLY78 by binding to two loci of the promoter according to nitrogen availability. However, the regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism mediated by GlnR in the genus remain unclear. In this study, we have revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS) and GlnR in WLY78 play a key role in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. GS (encoded by within ) and GS1 (encoded by ) belong to distinct groups: GSI-α and GSI-β. Both GS and GS1 have the enzyme activity to convert NH and glutamate into glutamine, but only GS is involved in the repression by GlnR. GlnR represses transcription of under excess nitrogen, while it activates the expression of under nitrogen limitation. GlnR simultaneously activates and represses the expression of and in response to nitrogen availability. Also, GlnR regulates the expression of and . IMPORTANCE In this study, we have revealed that GlnR uses multiple mechanisms to regulate nitrogen metabolism. GlnR activates or represses or simultaneously activates and inhibits the transcription of nitrogen metabolism genes in response to nitrogen availability. The multiple regulation mechanisms employed by GlnR are very different from GlnR which represses nitrogen metabolism under excess nitrogen. Both GS encoded by within the operon and GS1 encoded by in WLY78 are involved in ammonium assimilation, but only GS is required for regulating GlnR activity. The work not only provides significant insight into understanding the interplay of GlnR and GS in nitrogen metabolism but also provides guidance for improving nitrogen fixation efficiency by modulating nitrogen metabolism.
PubMed: 37668407
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00139-23 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2018Host-defense peptides, also called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), whose protective action has been used by animals for millions of years, fulfill many requirements of... (Review)
Review
Host-defense peptides, also called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), whose protective action has been used by animals for millions of years, fulfill many requirements of the pharmaceutical industry, such as: (1) broad spectrum of activity; (2) unlike classic antibiotics, they induce very little resistance; (3) they act synergically with conventional antibiotics; (4) they neutralize endotoxins and are active in animal models. However, it is considered that many natural peptides are not suitable for drug development due to stability and biodisponibility problems, or high production costs. This review describes the efforts to overcome these problems and develop new antimicrobial drugs from these peptides or inspired by them. The discovery process of natural AMPs is discussed, as well as the development of synthetic analogs with improved pharmacological properties. The production of these compounds at acceptable costs, using different chemical and biotechnological methods, is also commented. Once these challenges are overcome, a new generation of versatile, potent and long-lasting antimicrobial drugs is expected.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Drug Design; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Polymyxins; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29389911
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020311