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World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2015Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) will result in removal of important multiorgans in upper intestinal tract and subsequently secondary physiologic change. In the past,... (Review)
Review
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) will result in removal of important multiorgans in upper intestinal tract and subsequently secondary physiologic change. In the past, surgeons just focused on the safety of surgical procedure; however, PD is regarded as safe and widely applied to treatment of periampullary lesions. Practical issues after PD, such as, effect of duodenectomy, metabolic surgery-like effect, alignment effect of gastrointestinal continuity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were summarized and discussed.
Topics: Duodenum; Energy Metabolism; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pancreas; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26019443
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5794 -
Molecular Metabolism Aug 2023Over the last decades, various approaches have been explored to restore sufficient β-cell mass in diabetic patients. Stem cells are certainly an attractive source of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Over the last decades, various approaches have been explored to restore sufficient β-cell mass in diabetic patients. Stem cells are certainly an attractive source of new β-cells, but an alternative option is to induce the endogenous regeneration of these cells.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
Since the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic glands have a common origin and a continuous crosstalk unites the two, we believe that analyzing the mechanisms that induce pancreatic regeneration in different conditions could further advance our knowledge in the field. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on physiological and pathological conditions associated with the regulation of pancreas regeneration and proliferation, as well as the complex and coordinated signaling cascade mediating cell growth.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Unraveling the mechanisms involved in intracellular signaling and regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and regeneration may inspire future investigations to discover potential strategies to cure diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Regeneration
PubMed: 37321370
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101754 -
Pancreas Oct 2022The "Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases" Workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of...
The "Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases" Workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings. The goal of the workshop was to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into 6 major themes, including (a) Pancreas Anatomy and Physiology; (b) Diabetes in the Setting of Exocrine Disease; (c) Metabolic Influences on the Exocrine Pancreas; (d) Genetic Drivers of Pancreatic Diseases; (e) Tools for Integrated Pancreatic Analysis; and (f) Implications of Exocrine-Endocrine Crosstalk. For each theme, there were multiple presentations followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized herein. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of the normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 37078927
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002170 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Apr 2015In this review we summarize the role of inflammasomes in pancreatic physiology and disease with a focus on acute pancreatitis where much recent progress has been made.... (Review)
Review
In this review we summarize the role of inflammasomes in pancreatic physiology and disease with a focus on acute pancreatitis where much recent progress has been made. New findings have identified inducers of and cell specificity of inflammasome component expression in the pancreas, the contribution of inflammasome-regulated effectors to pancreatitis, and metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation, which are strong determinants of injury in pancreatitis. New areas of pancreatic biology will be highlighted in the context of our evolving understanding of gut microbiome- and injury-induced inflammasome priming, pyroptosis, and innate immune-mediated regulation of cell metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammasomes; Inflammation Mediators; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 25700081
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2014 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2017Pancreatic injuries in children are rare and most often caused by mechanisms of blunt injury. Injury to the pancreas in children may be difficult to diagnose and treat. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic injuries in children are rare and most often caused by mechanisms of blunt injury. Injury to the pancreas in children may be difficult to diagnose and treat.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The article is based on literature searches in PubMed from the last 10 years (performed on 20 October 2015 and terminating on 20 October 2016) and on the authors’ own clinical experience and knowledge of the literature.
RESULTS
The search yielded a total of 20 articles, of which 6 concerned diagnostics and 14 dealt with treatment. Pancreatic injuries are rare and constitute around 0.3 % of all injuries in children, and 0.6 % of all abdominal traumas. Pancreatic injury is the fourth most frequent abdominal organ injury in children, and most occur in the age group 5 – 18 years. A little less than one fifth are isolated injuries. Computed tomography is the first choice in diagnostics, supported by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to achieve optimum sensitivity. Where findings are unclear or pancreatic duct injury is suspected, early endoscopic resonance cholangiopancreatography and stent treatment are relevant to determine pancreatic duct injury. Less severe (grade I–II) injuries are treated conservatively. The choice of surgery or conservative treatment of severe injuries (grade III–V) where the pancreatic duct is involved must be considered for each individual patient. Mortality is generally associated with other severe traumas such as head injuries and multiple organ injuries.
INTERPRETATION
Pancreatic injuries or blunt traumas are rare in children and in most cases can be managed by observation. The evidence base is scant, particularly for severe injuries.
Topics: Adolescent; Bicycling; Child; Child, Preschool; Conservative Treatment; Humans; Pancreas; Trauma Severity Indices; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 28925191
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0888 -
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Dec 2021Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly... (Review)
Review
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Homeostasis; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; RNA-Seq; Regenerative Medicine; Single-Cell Analysis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34543699
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2019The pancreas is easily investigated in children thanks to the relative lack of fat tissue and the large left hepatic lobe with an optimal acoustic window. The use of... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is easily investigated in children thanks to the relative lack of fat tissue and the large left hepatic lobe with an optimal acoustic window. The use of high frequency, even linear transducers, usually results in detailed images of all pancreatic areas. A wide spectrum of pancreatic pathologic conditions can be identified and monitored at ultrasound although they are relatively uncommon during childhood compared to the adult. In this paper we briefly review the anatomy, technique, and sonographic aspects of normal and pathological pediatric pancreas.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Child; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Reference Values; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30552664
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0348-8 -
Diabetes Apr 2023The Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of... (Review)
Review
The Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report provides a summary of the proceedings from the workshop. The goals of the workshop were to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into six major theme areas, including 1) pancreas anatomy and physiology, 2) diabetes in the setting of exocrine disease, 3) metabolic influences on the exocrine pancreas, 4) genetic drivers of pancreatic diseases, 5) tools for integrated pancreatic analysis, and 6) implications of exocrine-endocrine cross talk. For each theme, multiple presentations were followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized here. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 36940317
DOI: 10.2337/db22-0942 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022There is an increasing consensus that exercise is a medicine and that regular exercise can effectively improve and prevent metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Islet... (Review)
Review
There is an increasing consensus that exercise is a medicine and that regular exercise can effectively improve and prevent metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Islet cells are the endocrine of the pancreas and vital to the development of diabetes. Decades of developmental research in exercise intervention and the health of islet cells confirmed that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the function, proliferation, and survival rate of islet cells. However, the precise exercise reference scheme is still elusive. To accomplish this goal, we searched and analyzed relevant articles, and concluded the precise exercise prescription treatments for various species such as humans, rats, and mice. Each exercise protocol is shown in the tables below. These exercise protocols form a rich pipeline of therapeutic development for exercise on the health of islet cells.
Topics: Animals; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Pancreas; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats
PubMed: 35742478
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127229 -
Cell Stem Cell Apr 2023Understanding the origin of pancreatic β cells has profound implications for regenerative therapies in diabetes. For over a century, it was widely held that adult...
Understanding the origin of pancreatic β cells has profound implications for regenerative therapies in diabetes. For over a century, it was widely held that adult pancreatic duct cells act as endocrine progenitors, but lineage-tracing experiments challenged this dogma. Gribben et al. recently used two existing lineage-tracing models and single-cell RNA sequencing to conclude that adult pancreatic ducts contain endocrine progenitors that differentiate to insulin-expressing β cells at a physiologically important rate. We now offer an alternative interpretation of these experiments. Our data indicate that the two Cre lines that were used directly label adult islet somatostatin-producing ∂ cells, which precludes their use to assess whether β cells originate from duct cells. Furthermore, many labeled ∂ cells, which have an elongated neuron-like shape, were likely misclassified as β cells because insulin-somatostatin coimmunolocalizations were not used. We conclude that most evidence so far indicates that endocrine and exocrine lineage borders are rarely crossed in the adult pancreas.
Topics: Insulin-Secreting Cells; Evidence Gaps; Cell Differentiation; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Insulin; Somatostatin
PubMed: 37028408
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.003