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ELife Jun 2023Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.
Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Papio; Bacteria
PubMed: 37358559
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.89468 -
Current Biology : CB Jun 2022Before visiting your local supermarket, do you write your food shopping list in the order you expect to encounter the items as you walk around, aisle by aisle? This way,...
Before visiting your local supermarket, do you write your food shopping list in the order you expect to encounter the items as you walk around, aisle by aisle? This way, you minimise your travel distance, saving time and effort. Many other animals do the same. Baboons (Papio ursinus) plan their foraging journeys to out-of-sight resources, moving in an efficient, goal-directed way, and nectar-collecting bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) use efficient travel routes when foraging on familiar resources.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Feeding Behavior; Plant Nectar
PubMed: 35728553
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.072 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2018Diurnal gene expression patterns underlie time-of-the-day-specific functional specialization of tissues. However, available circadian gene expression atlases of a few...
Diurnal gene expression patterns underlie time-of-the-day-specific functional specialization of tissues. However, available circadian gene expression atlases of a few organs are largely from nocturnal vertebrates. We report the diurnal transcriptome of 64 tissues, including 22 brain regions, sampled every 2 hours over 24 hours, from the primate (baboon). Genomic transcription was highly rhythmic, with up to 81.7% of protein-coding genes showing daily rhythms in expression. In addition to tissue-specific gene expression, the rhythmic transcriptome imparts another layer of functional specialization. Most ubiquitously expressed genes that participate in essential cellular functions exhibit rhythmic expression in a tissue-specific manner. The peak phases of rhythmic gene expression clustered around dawn and dusk, with a "quiescent period" during early night. Our findings also unveil a different temporal organization of central and peripheral tissues between diurnal and nocturnal animals.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Genomics; Male; Papio anubis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 29439024
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0318 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Dec 2017This review describes recent progress in tolerance-inducing strategies across xenogeneic immunological barriers as well as the potential benefit of a tolerance strategy... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review describes recent progress in tolerance-inducing strategies across xenogeneic immunological barriers as well as the potential benefit of a tolerance strategy for islets and kidney xenotransplantation.
RECENT FINDINGS
Using advanced gene editing technologies, xenotransplantation from multitransgenic alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs has demonstrated marked prolongation of renal xenograft survival, ranging from days to greater than several months for life-supporting kidneys, and more than 2 years in a heterotopic nonlife-supporting cardiac xenograft model. Continuous administration of multiple immunosuppressive drugs has been required and attempts to taper immunosuppression have been unsuccessful. It appears likely that low levels of T cell dependent antibodies and activation of innate responses are responsible for xenograft loss. Mixed chimerism and thymic transplantation approaches have achieved xenogeneic tolerance in pig-to-mouse models and both have recently been extended to pig-to-baboon models. Encouraging results have been reported, including persistence of macrochimerism, prolonged pig skin graft survival, donor-specific unresponsiveness in vitro and detection of recent T cell emigrants in vivo.
SUMMARY
Although tolerance induction in vivo has not yet been achieved in pig-to-baboon models, recent results are encouraging that this goal will be attainable through genetic engineering of porcine donors.
Topics: Animals; Chimerism; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Papio; Swine; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 28937406
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000466 -
Pathogens and Disease Nov 2015Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica are Gram-negative bacterial respiratory pathogens. Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough and is... (Review)
Review
Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica are Gram-negative bacterial respiratory pathogens. Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough and is considered a human-adapted variant of B. bronchiseptica. Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica share mechanisms of pathogenesis and are genetically closely related. However, despite the close genetic relatedness, these Bordetella species differ in several classic fundamental aspects of bacterial pathogens such as host range, pathologies and persistence. The development of the baboon model for the study of B. pertussis transmission, along with the development of the swine and mouse model for the study of B. bronchiseptica, has enabled the investigation of different aspects of transmission including the route, attack rate, role of bacterial and host factors, and the impact of vaccination on transmission. This review will focus on B. pertussis transmission and how animal models of B. pertussis transmission and transmission models using the closely related B. bronchiseptica have increased our understanding of B. pertussis transmission.
Topics: Animals; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Mice; Papio; Swine; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 26374235
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv068 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Dec 2017There continues to be an inadequate organ supply and lack of effective temporary support, for patients with liver failure. The purpose of this review is to discuss... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There continues to be an inadequate organ supply and lack of effective temporary support, for patients with liver failure. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent progress in the field of orthotopic pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) liver xenotransplantation (LXT).
RECENT FINDINGS
From 1968 to 2012, survival in pig-to-NHP LXT was limited to 9 days, initially due to hyperacute rejection which has been ameliorated through use of genetically engineered donor organs, but ultimately because of profound thrombocytopenia, thrombotic microangiopathy, and bleeding. Most recently, however, demise secondary to lethal coagulopathy has been avoided with LXT of α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase knockouts and cytomegalovirus-negative porcine xenografts into baboons receiving exogenous administration of coagulation factors and co-stimulation blockade, establishing that a porcine liver is capable of supporting NHP life for nearly a month.
SUMMARY
Continued consistent achievement of pig-to-NHP LXT survival beyond 2 weeks justifies consideration of a clinical application as a bridge to allotransplantation for patients with acute hepatic failure. Further genetic modifications to the donor, as well as additional studies, are required in order to apply LXT as destination therapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Papio; Swine; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 28817400
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000459 -
Zygote (Cambridge, England) Oct 2021Sperm morphometric and morphologic data have been shown to represent useful tools for monitoring fertility, improving assisted reproduction techniques and conservation...
Sperm morphometric and morphologic data have been shown to represent useful tools for monitoring fertility, improving assisted reproduction techniques and conservation of genetic material as well as detecting inbreeding of endangered primates. We provide here for the first time sperm morphologic and morphometric data from Cercopithecus neglectus, Cercopithecus cephus, Papio papio and critically endangered Cercopithecus roloway, as well as comparative data from other Cercopithecinae species, i.e. Allochrocebus lhoesti, Mandrillus sphinx and Papio anubis. Following collection from the epididymis, spermatozoa were measured for each species for the following parameters: head length, head width, head perimeter, head area, midpiece length and total flagellum length, and the head volume, ellipticity, elongation, roughness and regularity were then calculated. Our data are consistent with both the general morphology and the morphometric proportions of Cercopithecinae sperm. Some specificities were observed, with C. cephus displaying a narrow head (width = 2.76 ± 0.26 µM) and C. roloway displaying a short midpiece (6.65 ± 0.61 µM). This data set represents an important contribution, especially for Cercopithecus roloway, one of the most endangered monkeys in the world, and further data on additional specimens coupled to data on mating systems and reproductive ecology should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these morphological differences across primate species.
Topics: Animals; Cercopithecinae; Epididymis; Fertility; Male; Reproduction; Sperm Head; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 33731237
DOI: 10.1017/S0967199421000186 -
Theory in Biosciences = Theorie in Den... Jun 2020The aim of the paper is to identify psychosomatic evolutionary adaptations of hominids, which direct them at maximizing their reproductive success, and on the basis of...
The aim of the paper is to identify psychosomatic evolutionary adaptations of hominids, which direct them at maximizing their reproductive success, and on the basis of which their various social structures are built. Selected features of the hominid last common ancestor were extracted; by reducing the influence of the social structure, they were defined as the hominid "sexual nature"; these considerations were supported by the analysis of sexual jealousy as a function of socio-environmental conditions. The "sexuality core" of a hominid female was defined as "selective polyandry"-the female selects the best males among those available; and of a hominid male as "tolerant promiscuity"-the male strives for multi-male and multi-female copulations with sexually attractive females. The extracted "sexuality cores" condemn hominids to a patriarchal social structure and thus to sexual coercion and jealousy. The source of male sexual jealousy is limited access to females. Hominid female jealousy of the male results mainly from the need for protection and support. Hominids' social structures are determined by females' sexual selectivity or opportunism and by their continuous or periodic proceptivity and estrus signaling. Evolutionary functions developed by women: out-estrus sexuality, copulation calls, multiple orgasms, allow them to obtain the best possible spermatozoid. The institution of marriage blocks the influence of sexual selection in the species Homo sapiens.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Copulation; Female; Hominidae; Humans; Hylobates; Jealousy; Macaca; Male; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Pan troglodytes; Papio; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexuality
PubMed: 32170558
DOI: 10.1007/s12064-020-00312-8 -
Aging Nov 2021
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Female; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Male; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Papio; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34845113
DOI: 10.18632/aging.203728 -
Genes Feb 2023Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over... (Review)
Review
Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over the last 20 years has shown that considerable incongruences exist between phylogenies based on morphology, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence data of modern baboons, and hybridization and introgression have been suggested as the main drivers of these patterns. Baboons, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to study these phenomena and their impact on speciation. Advances both in geographic and genomic coverage provide increasing details on the complexity of the phylogeography of baboons. Here, we compile the georeferenced genetic data of baboons and review the current knowledge on baboon phylogeny, discuss the evolutionary processes that may have shaped the patterns that we observe today, and propose future avenues for research.
Topics: Animals; Papio; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Hybridization, Genetic; Genomics
PubMed: 36980887
DOI: 10.3390/genes14030614