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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Many individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and show microbial dysbiosis. Variation in gut microbial... (Review)
Review
Many individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and show microbial dysbiosis. Variation in gut microbial populations is associated with increased risk for GI symptoms such as chronic constipation and diarrhoea, which decrease quality of life. Several preclinical models of autism also demonstrate microbial dysbiosis. Given that much pre-clinical research is conducted in mouse models, it is important to understand the similarities and differences between the gut microbiome in humans and these models in the context of autism. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus databases to compare microbiome profiles of patients with autism and transgenic (NL3, Shank3 KO, 15q dup), phenotype-first (BTBR) and environmental (Poly I:C, Maternal Inflammation Activation (MIA), valproate) mouse models of autism. Overall, we report changes in fecal microbial communities relevant to ASD based on both clinical and preclinical studies. Here, we identify an overlapping cluster of genera that are modified in both fecal samples from individuals with ASD and mouse models of autism. Specifically, we describe an increased abundance of , , and and a decrease in genera in both humans and rodents relevant to this disorder. Studies in both humans and mice highlighted multidirectional changes in abundance (i.e. in some cases increased abundance whereas other reports showed decreases) for several genera including , , , and , suggesting that these genera may be susceptible to modification in autism. Identification of these microbial profiles may assist in characterising underlying biological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions and provide future therapeutic targets for improving gut health in autism.
Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Microfilament Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35846755
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905841 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Nov 2023As the concerned emerging pollutants, several lines of evidence have indicated that nanoplastics (NPs) lead to reproductive toxicity. However, the biological mechanism... (Review)
Review
As the concerned emerging pollutants, several lines of evidence have indicated that nanoplastics (NPs) lead to reproductive toxicity. However, the biological mechanism underlying NPs disturbed spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of impaired spermatogenesis caused by long-term NPs exposure from the perspective of integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis. After 12 weeks of gavage of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and animo-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (Amino-NPs), a well-designed two-exposure stages experimental condition. We found that NPs exposure induced apparent abnormal spermatogenesis, which appeared more severe in the Amino-NPs group. Mechanistically, 14 floras associated with glucose and lipid metabolism were significantly altered, as evidenced by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Testicular metabolome revealed that the Top 50 changed metabolites were also enriched in lipid metabolism. Subsequently, the combined gut microbiome and metabolome analysis uncovered the strong correlations between Klebsiella, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and lipid metabolites (e.g., PC, LysoPC and GPCho). We speculate that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota-related disturbed lipid metabolism may be responsible for long-term NPs-induced damaged spermatogenesis, which provides new insights into NPs-induced dysregulated spermatogenesis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microplastics; Polystyrenes; Spermatogenesis; Metabolome
PubMed: 37890247
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115626 -
Microorganisms Oct 2022The aim of our work is to summarize the current state of knowledge on gut microbiota differences in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. To find the... (Review)
Review
The aim of our work is to summarize the current state of knowledge on gut microbiota differences in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. To find the relevant articles, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Articles in English presenting original data and comparing the composition of gut microbiota in child psychiatric patients with gut microbiota in healthy children and adolescents were selected. Finally, we identified 55 articles eligible for our purpose. The majority of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated. A smaller number of studies evaluating the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Rett syndrome, anorexia nervosa, depressive disorder (DD), and tic disorders were found. The main findings of this research are discussed in our review, focusing on the age-related gut microbiota specificity for psychiatric disorders and the differences between individual diagnosis. To conclude, the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders is evidently different from that in controls. The most pronounced differences are seen in children with ASD, less in ADHD. Moreover, the changes are not identical to those in adult psychiatric patients, as and Bilophila were increased in adults, and decreased in children with ASD, and and were more frequently represented in adults, but less frequently represented in children with depression. The available data suggest some genera have a different abundance in individual psychiatric disorders (e.g., , , and ), suggesting their importance for the gut-brain axis. Other bacterial genera might be more important for the pathophysiology of specific disorder in children and adolescents, as and for ASD, or for DD. Based on the research findings, we assume that gut microbiota corrections have the potential to improve clinical symptoms in psychiatric patients.
PubMed: 36296284
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102009 -
New Microbes and New Infections Mar 2020Strains Marseille-P4001 and Marseille-P3668 are new species from the order isolated from healthy French volunteers. They are anaerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped...
Strains Marseille-P4001 and Marseille-P3668 are new species from the order isolated from healthy French volunteers. They are anaerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. They exhibited 92.68% and 96.68% 16S rRNA sequence identities with strain MS-1 and JCM 17104, respectively, the phylogenetically closest species. Their respective draft genomes measured 5.23 Mb and 3.73 Mb with 39.2 mol% and 40.8 mol% of G + C content. Using a taxonogenomics method, we propose here a brief description of sp. nov., strain Marseille-P4001 and sp. nov., strain Marseille-P3668 as new bacterial species.
PubMed: 32071723
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100642 -
Journal of Dental Research Jul 2023Ectopic enrichment of oral microbes in the gut is a notable alteration in gut microbial balance. These microbes are likely delivered from the oral cavity with saliva and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Ectopic enrichment of oral microbes in the gut is a notable alteration in gut microbial balance. These microbes are likely delivered from the oral cavity with saliva and food; however, evidence of oral-gut microbial transmission is insufficient and needs further investigation. In this observational study, we examined 144 pairs of saliva and stool samples collected from community-dwelling adults to verify the oral-gut microbial link and identify the relevant influencing factors on the increased abundance of oral microbes within the gut. The bacterial composition of each sample was determined using PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing of the full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis. Although the bacterial compositions of salivary and gut microbiota were distinctly different, at least 1 ASV was shared between salivary and gut microbiota in 72.9% of subjects. Shared ASVs accounted for 0.0% to 63.1% (median 0.14%) of the gut microbiota in each subject and frequently included abundant and . Their total relative abundance in the gut was significantly higher in older subjects or those with dental plaque accumulation. The gut microbiota with ≥5% of shared ASVs displayed a higher abundance of , , and and a lower abundance of , , , and . Our study presents evidence for the translocation of oral bacteria to the gut in community-dwelling adults and suggests that aging and dental plaque accumulation contribute to an increased abundance of oral microbes in the gut, which might be relevant to the compositional shift in the gut commensals.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aged; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Microbiota; Mouth; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37204134
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231160747 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023The relationship between intestinal microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is unclear. This study aims to identify the intestinal microbiome associated with...
OBJECTIVE
The relationship between intestinal microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is unclear. This study aims to identify the intestinal microbiome associated with CRC progression and construct predictive labels to support the accurate assessment and treatment of CRC.
METHOD
The 192 patients included in the study were divided into stage I-II and stage III-IV CRC patients according to the pathological stages, and preoperative stools were collected from both groups for 16S rDNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the differential intestinal microbiome and the correlation with tumor microenvironment and to predict the functional pathway. XGBoost model (XGB) and Random Forest model (RF) were used to construct the microbiome-based signature. The total RNA extraction from 17 CRC tumor simples was used for transcriptome sequencing.
RESULT
The Simpson index of intestinal microbiome in stage III-IV CRC were significantly lower than those in stage I-II CRC. Proteus, Parabacteroides, Alistipes and Ruminococcus etc. are significantly enriched genus in feces of CRC patients with stage III-IV. ko00514: Other types of O - glycan biosynthesis pathway is relevant with CRC progression. Alistipes indistinctus was positively correlated with mast cells, immune activators IL-6 and IL6R, and GOBP_PROTEIN_FOLDING_IN_ENDOPLASMIC_RETICULUM dominantly. The Random Forest (RF) model and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model constructed with 42 CRC progression-associated differential bacteria were effective in distinguishing CRC patients between stage I-II and stage III-IV.
CONCLUSIONS
The abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiome may increase gradually with the occurrence and progression of CRC. Elevated fetal abundance of Proteus, Parabacteroides, Alistipes and Ruminococcus may contribute to CRC progression. Enhanced synthesis of O - glycans may result in CRC progression. Alistipes indistinctus may play a facilitated role in mast cell maturation by boosting IL-6 production. Alistipes indistinctus may work in the correct folding of endoplasmic reticulum proteins in CRC, reducing ER stress and prompting the survival and deterioration of CRC, which may owe to the enhanced PERK expression and activation of downstream UPR by Alistipes indistinctus. The CRC progression-associated differential intestinal microbiome identified in our study can be served as potential microbial markers for CRC staging prediction.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Interleukin-6; Colorectal Neoplasms; Bacteroidetes; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37291572
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04119-1 -
Biology of Blood and Marrow... Apr 2020Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis has been associated with poor outcomes after intensive therapy. We evaluated the effect of levofloxacin (LEVO), the most commonly used...
Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis has been associated with poor outcomes after intensive therapy. We evaluated the effect of levofloxacin (LEVO), the most commonly used prophylactic antibacterial antibiotic during intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), on the gut microbiota in 2 cohorts of patients, 1 cohort comprising 20 patients with acute leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy and the other cohort comprising 20 allo-HCT recipients. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of thrice-weekly collected stool samples permitted a comparison between intervals with no antibacterial antibiotic exposure and those with only LEVO exposure. In mixed-effects modeling, the only variables influenced by LEVO were the relative abundances of Parabacteroides (regression coefficient, -.063; 99% confidence interval [CI], -.102 to -.024) and Blautia (regression coefficient, .050; 99% CI, .004 to .095). Other taxa and microbiota diversity were unaffected. Overall, the effect of LEVO on the gut microbiota in these cohorts was mild.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Levofloxacin; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31870930
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.722 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Bacteroides vulgatus (BV), Clostridium perfringens (CP), Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) and Ruminococcus albus...
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Bacteroides vulgatus (BV), Clostridium perfringens (CP), Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) and Ruminococcus albus (RA) lysates on secretion of selected cytokines by PBMC, MDM and HT-29 cells, as well as to determine the potential mechanisms of their action in the development of asthma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyze the effect of BV, CP, PD and RA lysates on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by human PBMC, MDM and HT-29 cells. BV and CP lysates significantly lowered IL-1β secretion by MDM vs. control (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively) but only at a dose of 400 µg lysate. The secretions of IL-6 by PBMC and MDM were elevated significantly above control values (p < 0.05) after administration of CP and PD lysates. BV, CP and PD lysates (100 µg) significantly increased IL-10 secretion by PBMC vs. control (p < 0.05). CP, PD and RA lysates (400 µg) significantly increased IL-10 secretion by MDM vs. control (p < 0.001). BV lysate (400 µg) also significantly increased IL-10 secretion by MDM as compared to control (p < 0.05). In PBMC and MDM, the production levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine were increased by all the bacterial lysates used in a dose-dependent manner.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Cytokines; Asthma
PubMed: 37957277
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47003-0 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2019The human colonic microbiota is a dense ecosystem comprised of numerous microbes, including bacteria, phage, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, that compete for nutrients and... (Review)
Review
The human colonic microbiota is a dense ecosystem comprised of numerous microbes, including bacteria, phage, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, that compete for nutrients and space. Studies are beginning to reveal the antagonistic mechanisms that gut bacteria use to compete with other members of this ecosystem. In the healthy human colon, the majority of the Gram-negative bacteria are of the order . Proteobacteria, such as , are numerically fewer but confer important properties to the host, such as colonization resistance. Several enteric pathogens use type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to antagonize symbiotic gut , facilitating colonization and disease progression. T6SS loci are also widely distributed in human gut , which includes three predominant genera: , , and . There are three distinct genetic architectures of T6SS loci among the gut , termed GA1, GA2, and GA3. GA1 and GA2 T6SS loci are contained on integrative and conjugative elements and are the first T6SS loci shown to be readily transferred in the human gut between numerous species and families of . In contrast, the GA3 T6SSs are present exclusively in . There are divergent regions in all three T6SS GAs that contain genes encoding effector and immunity proteins, many of which function by unknown mechanisms. To date, only the GA3 T6SSs have been shown to antagonize bacteria, and they target nearly all gut species analyzed. This review delves more deeply into properties of the T6SSs of these human gut bacteria and the ecological outcomes of their synthesis .
Topics: Antibiosis; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Colon; Ecology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Proteobacteria; Symbiosis; Type VI Secretion Systems
PubMed: 30825301
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PSIB-0009-2018 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... May 2022BACKGROUND The microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is the biochemical signal of the digestive tract and central nervous system. MGBA disorders have been increasingly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND The microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is the biochemical signal of the digestive tract and central nervous system. MGBA disorders have been increasingly involved in the pathological process of neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the research hot spots of MGBA from 2004 to 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using bibliometric analysis from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database, 3993 documents on the MGBA were retrieved and visual analysis was conducted. RESULTS The MGBA has received attention worldwide and will continue to be a research hot spot. Emerging research organizations and scholars of the MGBA and the research of John F. Cryan and colleagues from Ireland in the MGBA have been recognized by many scholars. However, the research of Chinese scholars and organizations appeared to have less impact due to lack of research innovation and collaboration with other countries/regions. Keyword analysis showed that neuroinflammation was a hot spot and that eminent scholars had begun to work in the field of MGBA. CONCLUSIONS This work provided an overall view of the literature on the MGBA worldwide, and the analysis provided a comprehensive overview of MGBA research. It further revealed the interaction between the gut microbiota (eg, Akkermansia, Parabacteroides) and the specific regulatory network of the gut microbiota and metabolites, neuroinflammation, and neural networks, which can facilitate the development of effective treatment strategies using microbiota for targeting neuroinflammation and conducting large-scale clinical trials of neurological diseases.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Brain; Brain-Gut Axis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 35568968
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936037