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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) has a widely accepted role in bacterial intra- and interspecies communication. Little is known about the relationships between AI-2 and NEC. This...
Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) has a widely accepted role in bacterial intra- and interspecies communication. Little is known about the relationships between AI-2 and NEC. This study found that AI-2 levels in patients and in a NEC mouse model were detected using the BB170 assay system. Bacterial communities of the newborns' stool microbiota (NEC acute group, NEC recovery group, control group, and antibiotics-free group) and of the NEC mouse model (NEC group and control group) were detected by high-throughput sequencing. Intestinal histopathological changes were observed after HE staining. The AI-2 level in the NEC acute group (44.75 [40.17~65.52]) was significantly lower than that in the control group, NEC recovery group and antibiotics-free group. The overall microbiota compositions of each group at the phylum level were not significantly different. The proportions of Enterococcus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Peptoclostridium, and Veillonella had significant differences among the 4 groups at the genus level. In animal experiments, the AI-2 level in feces of NEC mice (56.89 ± 11.87) was significantly lower than that in the feces of control group mice (102.70 ± 22.97). The microbiota compositions of NEC and control group mice at the phylum level were not significantly different. At the genus level, Klebsiella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Peptoclostridium abundances in the NEC group increased significantly compared with those in the control group ( < 0.05). In addition, Lactobacillus, Pasteurella, and Parabacteroides abundances in the NEC group decreased significantly compared with those in the normal control group ( < 0.05), while Lactobacillus, Pasteurella, and Parabacteroides abundances had the opposite trend. The AI-2 concentration decreased significantly in the acute phase of NEC and increased gradually in the convalescent phase. We conclude that the concentration of AI-2 was correlated with intestinal flora disorder and different stages of disease. AI-2 may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of NEC. ClinicalTrials.gov; ChiCTR-ROC-17013746; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Feces; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Mice; Vibrio
PubMed: 32373545
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00140 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022The gut microbiota has been identified as a predictive biomarker for various diseases. However, few studies focused on the diagnostic accuracy of gut microbiota...
The gut microbiota has been identified as a predictive biomarker for various diseases. However, few studies focused on the diagnostic accuracy of gut microbiota derived-signature for predicting hepatic injuries in schistosomiasis. Here, we characterized the gut microbiomes from 94 human and mouse stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity and composition of gut microbiomes in infection-induced disease changed significantly. Gut microbes, such as , , , and , showed a significant correlation with the level of hepatic granuloma, fibrosis, hydroxyproline, ALT or AST in infection-induced disease. We identified a range of gut bacterial features to distinguish schistosomiasis from hepatic injuries using the random forest classifier model, LEfSe and STAMP analysis. Significant features , , and and their combinations have a robust predictive accuracy (AUC: from 0.8182 to 0.9639) for detecting liver injuries induced by infection in humans and mice. Our study revealed associations between gut microbiota features and physiopathology and serological shifts of schistosomiasis and provided preliminary evidence for novel gut microbiota-derived features for the non-invasive detection of schistosomiasis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 35911697
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941530 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2022The interplay among dietary intake, gut microbiota, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites in adolescents is barely known, not to mention sex-dependent pattern. We...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
The interplay among dietary intake, gut microbiota, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites in adolescents is barely known, not to mention sex-dependent pattern. We aimed to explore unique profiles of gut bacterial, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites from both genders of adolescents due to BMI and eating pattern.
METHODS
Clinical indices, fecal gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and diet intake information were collected in case-control sample matched for normal and obesity in girls (normal = 12, obesity = 12) and boys (normal = 20, obesity = 20), respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was performed to analysis the signature of gut microbiota and metabolites. Unique profiles of girls associated with BMI and eating pattern was revealed by Spearman's correlations analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
RESULTS
Gender difference was found between normal and obese adolescents in gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and plasma metabolites. The Parabacteroides were only decreased in obese girls. And the characteristic of obese girls' and boys' cases in fecal and plasma was xanthine and glutamine, ornithine and LCA, respectively. Soy products intake was negatively associated with Parabacteroides. The predicted model has a higher accuracy based on the combined markers in obesity boys (AUC = 0.97) and girls (AUC = 0.97), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduced abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Parabacteroides, as well as the increased fecal xanthine and ornithine, may provide a novel biomarker signature in obesity girls and boys. Soy products intake was positively and negatively associated with Romboutsia and Parabacteroides abundance, respectively. And the combined markers facilitate the accuracy of predicting obesity in girls and boys in advance.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pediatric Obesity; Feces; Metabolome; Eating; Biomarkers; Ornithine; Xanthines
PubMed: 36351362
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.009 -
Nutrients Mar 2020Altered intestinal microbiota is associated with systemic and intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiotic microbiota with enhanced...
Altered intestinal microbiota is associated with systemic and intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiotic microbiota with enhanced proinflammatory capacity is characterized by depletion of anaerobic commensals, increased proportion of facultatively anaerobic bacteria, as well as reduced diversity and stability. In this study, we developed a high-throughput in vitro screening assay to isolate intestinal commensal bacteria with anti-inflammatory capacity from a healthy fecal microbiota transplantation donor. Freshly isolated gut bacteria were screened for their capacity to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) release from HT-29 cells. The screen yielded a number of and isolates, which were identified as , , , , , and using whole genome sequencing. We observed that a cell-cell contact with the epithelium was not necessary to alleviate in vitro inflammation as spent culture media from the isolates were also effective and the anti-inflammatory action did not correlate with the enterocyte adherence capacity of the isolates. The anti-inflammatory isolates also exerted enterocyte monolayer reinforcing action and lacked essential genes to synthetize hexa-acylated, proinflammatory lipid A, part of LPS. Yet, the anti-inflammatory effector molecules remain to be identified. The strains isolated and characterized in this study have potential to be used as so-called next-generation probiotics.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Caco-2 Cells; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Homeostasis; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Probiotics
PubMed: 32230951
DOI: 10.3390/nu12040935 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In recent years, many studies have shown that the gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases. A variety of skin diseases are...
In recent years, many studies have shown that the gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases. A variety of skin diseases are related to the regulation of the gut-skin axis, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Gut microbial dysbiosis can promote the development of these diseases. The gut microbiota can affect estrogen metabolism, β-glucuronidase secreted by the gut microbiota can promote the reabsorption of estrogen by the gut, and estrogen is transported to other parts of the body through the circulatory system. The occurrence and development of melasma are closely related to abnormal metabolism of estrogen. The relationship between the structure of the gut microbiota and melasma remains unclear. Epidemiological surveys were conducted in patients with melasma and healthy subjects (control group) in this study. The feces were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota. To compare the similarities and differences in species diversity of the gut microbiota between these two groups, we calculated the α-diversity and β-diversity indices and analyzed the differences between them. We found that the abundance of spp., spp. (belonging to Actinobacteria), spp., spp., spp. (belonging to Bacteroidetes), spp., and spp. (belonging to Firmicutes) in the melasma group were significantly different compared with that in the healthy group. The largest difference was found in Actinobacteria ( < 0.05), and there were also significant differences in the abundance of Coriobacteriia, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriales, Coriobacteriaceae, and spp. between the two groups (all < 0.05). Many of these differences in the microbiota were closely related to the production of β-glucuronidase and the regulation of estrogen synthesis or metabolism. Changes in the gut microbiota structure and the biological effects of spp. in the microbiota in patients with melasma can play an important role in the occurrence and development of melasma by affecting the body's estrogen metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental data reference for future studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and melasma, and may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of melasma.
PubMed: 36466650
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051653 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal...
BACKGROUND
Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal effect of the morning chronotype on the gut microbiota is unknown.
METHODS
A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed, using the summary statistics of the morning chronotype from the European Consortium and those of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and simple mode methods were used to examine the causal association between the morning chronotype and the gut microbiota. A reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted on the gut microbiota, which was identified as causally linked to the morning chronotype in the initial Mendelian randomization analysis. Cochran's Q statistics were employed to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables.
RESULTS
Inverse variance-weighted estimates suggested that the morning chronotype had a protective effect on Family ( = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; = 0.047), Genus ( = -0.112; 95% CI: -0.184, -0.039; = 0.002), and Genus ( = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; = 0.047). In addition, the gut microbiota (Family (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; = 0.047), Genus (OR = 0.915; 95% CI: 0.858, 0.975; = 0.007), and Genus (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; = 0.047)) demonstrated positive effects on the morning chronotype. No significant heterogeneity in the instrumental variables, or in horizontal pleiotropy, was found.
CONCLUSION
This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that Family , Genus , and Genus were causally associated with the morning chronotype. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effects of the gut microbiota on the morning chronotype, as well as their specific protective mechanisms.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Chronotype; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 38201876
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010046 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Gut microbiota dysbiosis is already a global problem after antibiotic overuse. This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of lentinan and the mechanism of...
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is already a global problem after antibiotic overuse. This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of lentinan and the mechanism of recovery of intestinal inflammation on broad-spectrum antibiotic-driven gut microbial dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota was elucidated by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate short-chain fatty acid content. Colon histology, expression of tight-junction associated proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were evaluated. The results showed that the gut microbiota of diversity and richness were reduced and various taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota were perturbed after antibiotics gavage. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes shifted to Proteobacteria and increased the relative abundance of harmful microbiota (Parabacteroides and Klebsiella) post-antibiotics, whereas lentinan administration reversed the dysbiosis and increased beneficial microbiota, including S24-7, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus and Allobaculum. The concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid were significantly increased by treatment with lentinan. And lentinan improved colon tissue morphology and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines via altering NF-κB signaling pathway in antibiotic-driven gut microbial dysbiosis mice. Taken together, the results proved that lentinan can be used as a prebiotic and the result provided a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of broad-spectrum antibiotics side effects.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dysbiosis; Lentinan; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes; Tight Junction Proteins; Cytokines; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 36380080
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23469-2 -
MBio Aug 2019Studies of the gut microbiota have dramatically increased in recent years as the importance of this microbial ecosystem to human health and disease is better...
Studies of the gut microbiota have dramatically increased in recent years as the importance of this microbial ecosystem to human health and disease is better appreciated. The are the most abundant order of bacteria in the healthy human gut and induce both health-promoting and disease-promoting effects. There are more than 55 species of gut with extensive intraspecies genetic diversity, especially in regions involved in the synthesis of molecules that interact with other bacteria, the host, and the diet. This property necessitates the study of diverse species and strains. In recent years, the genetic toolkit to study these bacteria has greatly expanded, but we still lack a facile system for creating deletion mutants and allelic replacements in diverse strains, especially with the rapid increase in resistance to the two antibiotics used for genetic manipulation. Here, we present a new versatile and highly efficient vector suite that allows the creation of allelic deletions and replacements in multiresistant strains of and using a gain-of-function system based on polysaccharide utilization. These vectors also allow for easy counterselection independent of creating a mutant background strain, using a toxin from a type VI secretion system of Toxin production during counterselection is induced with one of two different molecules, providing flexibility based on strain phenotypes. This family of vectors greatly facilitates functional genetic analyses and extends the range of gut strains that can be genetically modified to include multiresistant strains that are currently genetically intractable with existing genetic tools. We have entered an era when studies of the gut microbiota are transitioning from basic questions of composition and host effects to understanding the microbial molecules that underlie compositional shifts and mediate health and disease processes. The importance of the gut to human health and disease and their potential as a source of engineered live biotherapeutics make these bacteria of particular interest for in-depth mechanistic study. However, there are still barriers to the genetic analysis of diverse strains, limiting our ability to study important host and community phenotypes identified in these strains. Here, we have overcome many of these obstacles by constructing a series of vectors that allow easy genetic manipulation in diverse gut and strains. These constructs fill a critical need and allow streamlined allelic replacement in diverse gut , including the growing number of multiantibiotic-resistant strains present in the modern-day human intestine.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Markers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Inulin; Metalloendopeptidases; Mutation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Rhamnose
PubMed: 31409684
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01762-19 -
BioMed Research International 2021Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There is lack evidence of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adults with INS, however. Here, we to address the association between the gut microbiome and INS.
METHODS
Stool samples of 35 adult INS patients and 35 healthy volunteers were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. The correlation analysis between altered taxa and clinical parameters was also included.
RESULTS
We found that microbial diversity in the gut was reduced in adult patients with INS. , , , , , , , , , , , , and were significantly reduced, while , , , , , and were markedly increased in patients with INS. In addition, , , and were negatively correlated with serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen levels were positively correlated with , , , , and , but were negatively correlated with and . , , , , , and were positively correlated with albumin. Proteinuria was positively correlated with , , , , , , , and , but was negatively correlated with , , and e.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota in adult patients with INS and correlations between significantly altered taxa and clinical parameters, which points out the direction for the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeted intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome
PubMed: 33681383
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854969 -
PeerJ 2023Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction are two closely related endocrine diseases. Increasing evidences show that gut microbiota plays an important role in both glucose...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction are two closely related endocrine diseases. Increasing evidences show that gut microbiota plays an important role in both glucose metabolism and thyroid homeostasis. Meanwhile, copy number variation (CNV) of host salivary -amylase gene (AMY1) has been shown to correlate with glucose homeostasis. Hence, we aim to characterize the gut microbiota and CNV of AMY1 in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with or without subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).
METHODS
High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota of euthyroid T2D patients, T2D patients with SCH and healthy controls. Highly sensitive droplet digital PCR was used to measure AMY1 CN.
RESULTS
Our results revealed that T2D patients have lower gut microbial diversity, no matter with or without SCH. The characteristic taxa of T2D patients were and . Meanwhile, , , , , , uncultured bacterium of were enriched in T2D patients with SCH. Moreover, serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in T2D patients were both negatively correlated with richness of gut microbiota. A number of specific taxa were also associated with clinical parameters at the phylum and genus level. In contrast, no correlation was found between AMY1 CN and T2D or T2D_SCH.
CONCLUSION
This study identified characteristic bacterial taxa in gut microbiota of T2D patients with or without SCH, as well as the taxa associated with clinical indices in T2D patients. These results might be exploited in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders in the future.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Copy Number Variations; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 37073275
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15193